AŽD Praha s.r.o. Galileo for Security and Safety of Railway Transport , AŽD Praha s.r.o.
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1 AŽD Praha s.r.o. Galileo for Security and Safety of Railway Transport Peter Gurnik Project engineer Satellite navigation , AŽD Praha s.r.o.
2 Contents 1. Motivation for safe and secure satellite navigation system 2. Galileo navigation system properties from safety and security point of view 3. Advantages of safe satellite navigation for railways 4. Introduction of new safety related products in railways 5. Example of application in Czech Republic (AZD Praha s.r.o.) GUF professional workshop
3 Motivation for safe and secure satellite navigation system Galileo system Regional Components Space Segment Global MEO Constellation Ground Segment Satellite & Navigation Control Integrity Service Local Components SAR User Segment Service Centres GUF professional workshop
4 Motivation for safe and secure satellite navigation system Satellite navigation system threats Atmospheric anomalies Two atmospheric layers have a significant influence on violation of constant signal speed precondition: ionosphere, troposphere Influence of ionosphere The ionosphere, consists of gases that have been ionized by solar radiation that produces clouds of free electrons that act as a dispersive medium for GPS signals. Worst-case influence: 45m (on 1 measurement) source: E.D.Kaplan: Understanding GPS principles and applications GUF professional workshop
5 Motivation for safe and secure satellite navigation system Satellite navigation system threats - 2 Troposphere Lower part of the atmosphere composed of dry gases and water vapor, which lengthen the propagation path due to refraction. Worst-case influence: 25m Multipath problem Objects in the vicinity of a receiver antenna can easily reflect GPS signals, resulting in one or more secondary propagation paths. Secondary-path signals, which are superimposed on the desired direct-path signal, always have a longer propagation time and can significantly distort the amplitude and phase of the direct-path signal. Worst-case influence on position error: 100m source: E.D.Kaplan: Understanding GPS principles and applications GUF professional workshop
6 Motivation for safe and secure satellite navigation system Satellite navigation system threats - 3 source: M.S.Grewal, L.R. Weill, A.P.Andrews:Global Positioning Systems, Inertial Navigation, and Integration GUF professional workshop
7 Motivation for safe and secure satellite navigation system Satellite navigation system threats - 4 Navigation system anomalies en.wiktionary.org: An irregularity or disproportion; Something that is strange or unusual; Any event, big or small, out of the ordinary Most dangerous for any safety system, position error could be unbounded Time of occurrence : :31 Duration [s] Description Drift of pseudo range of satellite PRN22 Linear growth of satellite PRN5 clock error of satellite : : Linear growth of satellite PRN27 clock error Satellite PRN23 clock error exponentially dropped :24 90 Unstable measure of Doppler frequency on satellite PRN : Increase of pseudo range error of, 50 minutes before planned satellite PRN27 maintenance GUF professional workshop
![of occurrence 28.07.01 22:07 11.06.03 19:31 Duration [s] 6660 2890 Description Drift of pseudo range of satellite PRN22 Linear growth of satellite PRN5 clock error of satellite 26.05.03 16:00 01.01.04 18:00 5669 7200 Linear growth of satellite PRN27 clock error Satellite PRN23 clock error exponentially dropped 08.](/docs-images/44/23178955/images/page_7.jpg "03.04 13:24 90 Unstable measure of Doppler frequency on satellite PRN11 29.08.04 00:41 3052 Increase of pseudo range error of, 50 minutes before planned satellite PRN27 maintenance 06.10.")
8 Motivation for safe and secure satellite navigation system Satellite navigation system threats - 5 Anomaly consequence simulation Pseudorange error Position error in Y-axes [m] Position error in X-axes [m] GUF professional workshop
![simulation Pseudorange error Position error in Y-axes [m]](/docs-images/44/23178955/images/page_8.jpg "Position error in X-axes [m] 06.10.")
9 Motivation for safe and secure satellite navigation system Standards Industry ESA National Agencies GUF professional workshop
10 Motivation for safe and secure satellite navigation system Standards source: GALCERT project GUF professional workshop
11 Contents 1. Motivation for safe and secure satellite navigation system 2. Galileo navigation system properties from safety and security point of view 3. Advantages of safe satellite navigation for railways 4. Introduction of new safety related products in railways 5. Example of application in Czech Republic (AZD Praha s.r.o.) GUF professional workshop
12 Galileo navigation system properties Safety Of Life service Service guarantee (still is an issue?) integrity information at global level (EGNOS support) separated in frequency to improve robustness to interference permit correction of errors induced by ionospheric effects by differentiation of the ranging measurements made at each frequency Source: Galileo HLD v GUF professional workshop
13 Galileo navigation system properties Galileo safety architecture - authentication GUF professional workshop
14 Galileo navigation system properties Galileo safety architecture - authentication GUF professional workshop
15 Galileo navigation system properties Galileo safety architecture ground segment 2 out of 3 configuration Integrity barriers to detect real time hazards SW development assurance Real time comparison of SISA and SISE parameters Ground Sensor Station (40 worldwide) Redundant architecture of Integrity Processing Facility Integrity flags & SIS Monitoring accuracy computed 1HZ Source: European Space Agency, Thales Alenia Space GUF professional workshop
16 Galileo navigation system properties Certification Certification is a process by which a mandated body will independently assess the compliance of the system with standards identified by a regulating authority Certification will not overlap traditional certification schemes used by different user communities to certify specific applications The whole life cycle of the system will be covered, including system design, implementation and operation phases during which quality assurance shall be provided source: GALCERT project; funded by GSA, managed by GZVB GUF professional workshop
17 Contents 1. Motivation for safe and secure satellite navigation system 2. Galileo navigation system properties from safety and security point of view 3. Advantages of safe satellite navigation for railways 4. Introduction of new safety related products in railways 5. Example of application in Czech Republic (AZD Praha s.r.o.) GUF professional workshop
18 Advantages of safe satellite navigation for railways Train location is key information for rail transport control Track circuits classical concept Train position within track segment Trackside wires needed not cost effective Fixed block low efficiency of using line ATO is hardly applicable without additional technology GUF professional workshop
19 Advantages of safe satellite navigation for railways New concept employing satellite navigation to the safety systems Track independent mean of absolute train positioning (allowing centralized maintenance and service operations) More flexible system of train positioning Radio-based train control system Low density lines Cost effective solution Effort in improving safety Position information can be also used for telematic applications such as ATO systems GUF professional workshop
20 Contents 1. Motivation for safe and secure satellite navigation system 2. Galileo navigation system properties from safety and security point of view 3. Advantages of safe satellite navigation for railways 4. Introduction of new safety related products in railways 5. Example of application in Czech Republic (AZD Praha s.r.o.) GUF professional workshop
21 Introduction of new safety related products in railways GUF professional workshop
22 Introduction of new safety related products in railways V lifecycle It s a cyclic process without sharp borders from the phase start/stop point of view Responsibility is divided equally among Suppliers (Galileo), Operators, Contractors and Approval authorities GALILEO certification without its safety approval according to CENELEC 5012x standards Quantification of the system parameters does not mean its compliance with any safety integrity level (SIL) GUF professional workshop
23 Introduction of new safety related products in railways CENELEC standards requirements (some of) It is necessary to ensure that SIL 3 and SIL 4 systems remain safe in the event of any kind of single random hardware fault which is recognized as possible. For the purposes of safety approval it is needed to detect all failures in the time interval that is shorter than possibility of next failure appearance. Role of the SIL0 devices The device reaches the SIL according to weakest part of the whole system GUF professional workshop
24 Contents 1. Motivation for safe and secure satellite navigation system 2. Galileo navigation system properties from safety and security point of view 3. Advantages of safe satellite navigation for railways 4. Introduction of new safety related products in railways 5. Example of application in Czech Republic (AZD Praha s.r.o.) GUF professional workshop
25 First applications Project of the Ministry of Transport of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic participation in the project Galileo AZD Praha s.r.o. contribution Simulation of usage GNSS as a part of complex safety related control system for low density line Developed prototype with new DMI Testbed held in JHMD lines GUF professional workshop
26 Discussion Thank you for your attention GUF professional workshop
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