Introduction into Real-Time Network Adjustment with Geo++ GNSMART
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1 Introduction into Real-Time Network Adjustment with Geo++ GNSMART Andreas Bagge Gerhard Wübbena, Martin Schmitz Geo++ GmbH D Garbsen, Germany GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
2 Content Introduction GNSS Basic Principle Error sources, Absolute Accuracy Differential GNSS Spatial Variations, Distance dependent errors GNSMART Networks Ambiguity Problem State Monitoring, Modelling of error sources Representation, FKP, VRS,... Communication Issues GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
3 Introduction GNSS-SMART = Global Navigation Satellite System State Monitoring And Representation Technique = Technique to determine (State Monitoring) and to represent (Representation) the system status of GNSS Systems GNSMART = Geo++ Software implementation of GNSS-SMART GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
4 GNSS Principle GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
5 Range Observation Range Measurement R to 1 Satellite R Receiver must be somewhere on the surface of sphere GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
6 Geometric Position from Range Observations Range Measurements to 2 Satellites R2 R1 Receiver must be somewhere on the intersection circle of both spheres GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
7 Absolute Positioning Position determination of a single ( Stand-Alone ) GNSS receiver in system of GNSS Accuracy with GPS/GLONASS 5 20 m for many applications not sufficient! full influence of all error sources GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
8 Error Sources GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
9 GNSS Error Sources Satellite clock error Satellite orbit error Ionosphere Troposphere X Z Y WGS84 Multipath Antenna (PCV) Receiver clock error GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
10 Magnitude of Error Sources Error Source Satellite Orbit Satellite Clock Ionosphere Troposphere Multipath Code Multipath Phase Antenna Absolute Influence m m >100 m m m mm... cm mm... cm -> total: m GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
11 Differential GNSS GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
12 Differential ( DGNSS ) Positioning Determine all error influences on a known station Corrections Transmit corrections to the rover Apply corrections reduce error influence Compute position with code ( DGNSS ) or with carrier phase ( RTK ) GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
13 DGNSS Error Sources Spatial Variations GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
14 DGNSS/RTK Distance Dependency PRC true error influence broadcast correction distance dependent error (degrades quality with increasing distance) Reference Rover Distance GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
15 Magnitude of Error Sources Error source Absolute influence Relative influence Satellite Orbit m ppm Satellite Clock m 0.0 ppm Ionosphere >100 m ppm Troposphere m ppm Multipath Code m m Multipath Phase mm... cm mm... cm Antenna mm... cm mm... cm -> total: cm ppm High spatial correlation Local (Calibration) GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
16 Geo++ Absolute Antenna Calibration orientation changes of antenna required robot to rotate and tilt the antenna dynamic robot guidance automatic operational procedure real-time Old Relative Calibration Geo++ Absolute Calibration GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
17 RTK: Accuracy, Reliability, Availability 100 % Availability, Reliability Accuracy 1 cm Distance from Reference GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
18 RTK-Limits from Distance Dependency PRC RTK Limits max. acceptable error for RTK Reference Distance GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
19 Stand Alone Reference Stations Accuracy, Reliability, Availability Good Bad GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
20 Stand Alone Reference Stations Accuracy, Reliability, Availability Good Bad GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
21 Stand Alone Reference Stations Accuracy, Reliability, Availability Good Bad GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
22 Stand Alone Reference Stations Accuracy, Reliability, Availability Good Bad GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
23 RTK Networks GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
24 Distance dependent Errors in RTK Networks PRC true error influence error influence in Ref 1 Interpolated error influence for rover position error influence in Ref 2 Ref 1 Rover Ref 2 Distance GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
25 GNSS-SMART Network Accuracy, Reliability, Availability Good Bad GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
26 GNSMART: User View user in the field one way communication link receive all necessary correction/reference data determine absolute RTK position anytime/anywhere 1 cm accuracy 1 cm accuracy - everywhere! GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
27 Network RTK: Network Tasks primary task (pre-requisite): State Monitoring determine distance (and site) dependent errors carrier phase ambiguity resolution secondary task: Representation represent network information for user distance dependent errors orbit, ionosphere, troposphere reference station dependent errors multipath, antenna, clock using adequate formats (RTCM, FKP, VRS, SSR) GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
28 Carrier Phase Ambiguity GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
29 Ambiguty Level Phase correction 2 identical Ambiguity Levels different Ambiguity Level Ref 1 Rover Ref 2 Distance GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
30 GNSMART State Monitoring GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
31 GNSMART State Monitoring Complete State Space Model (SSM) for all error sources with carrier phase accuracy Multi-station RT network solution Increased redundancy compared to triangle processing! Increased inter-station distances (sparse networks) Robust against single station/communication failures undifferenced observables Multiple Stations Multiple Signals (L1,L2,P1,P2,C/A) undifferenced ambiguity resolution Low Elevation Ambiguity Fixing GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
32 GNSMART: State Modeling functional models dynamic processes with temporal and/or spatial stochastic characteristics static parameters stochastical models stochastic processes with temporal and/or spatial characteristics GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
33 Ambiguity Search GNSS error modelling needs correct ambiguity level -> Ambiguities must be solved Ambiguity search needs accurate observations bias-free observations -> GNSS errors must be modelled GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
34 GNSMART Representation GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
35 FKP Representation Phase correction FKP 1 d FKP Representation error 1 FKP M 2 Distance Ref 1 Rover Ref 2 GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
36 FKP Representation in GNSMART base signal of reference station (corrections) one linear FKP plane for each reference station PRC Φ signal (L i, L 0 ) Satellite optional: higher order polynomials base signal FKP plane Λ GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
37 Individualized Corrections Virtual Reference Station (VRS) Phase correction Problem 1: transfered tropo model consistent? d VRS Representation error Problem 3: unexpected 1 VRS M Ref V Ref 1 Rover 2 Ref 2 Problem 2: moving (virt.) reference station? Distance GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
38 Communication GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
39 GNSS-SMART System structure Central Concept raw data / RTCM RTCM/SSR Sensor network SMART Center Distribution network GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
40 Communication within Network Reference Station to Network Center Telecommunication lines Modem, ISDN Leased Lines Internet local provider (static IP, data integrity?) Intranet Radio Links directed antenna beacons Mobile Phone data (GSM, GPRS, UMTS) Satellite Communication Data formats receiver specific raw data 19200bps, bi-directional pre-processed data (RTCM, RTCM++) 2400bps, uni-directional GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
41 Communication Reference/Center to Rover Mobile phone (GSM) bidirectional communication (SSR,OSR (FKP,PRS,VRS) mobile Internet (GPRS, UMTS) bidirectional or uni-directional NTRIP encryption for access control charging Broadcast media VHF, TV, Radio, Satellite communication SSR, FKP no VRS,PRS encryption for access control charging GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
42 Conclusions GPS positioning is affected by absolute and distance dependent errors DGPS and local RTK systems can only avoid absolute errors lead to limited RTK (and DGPS) distance GNSMART network monitors all errors allowing RTK (and DGPS) applications with homogenous accuracy, reliability and availability GNSMART supports all currently used representation modes FKP, VRS, PRS GNSMART is well prepared for future developments GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
43 Further Information For general information on GNSMART please refer to the Geo++ home page For background publications refer directly to the Geo++ Publications page GeoInformation Workshop 2004, Istanbul Kultur University, September 20-26, Antalya Geo++ GmbH
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