The Subjunctive Mood describes hypothetical situations, expresses wishes, demands, proposals, necessity, notions contrary to the fact.

Transcription

1 WAYS OF EXPRESSING The Mood describes hypothetical situations, expresses wishes, demands, proposals, necessity, notions contrary to the fact. The Mood has many forms of expression, some of which coincide with the Indicative and Imperative mood forms The necessary form of the Mood is chosen depending on the sentence structure and intention of the speaker. There are also a few traditional structures with Mood. 1) The is the same as the bare infinitive. It s a synthetic form of the. Indicative verb form in the SImple is, am, are go, goes live, lives run, runs verb form (for all persons) be go live run

2 2) The Past is the same as the Past Simple. Traditionally the verb were is used for all persons. It s a synthetic form of the. Indicative verb form in the Past SImple Past verb form (for all persons) was, were went lived ran were went lived ran 3) The Past Perfect (Conditional) (for actions and situations referring to the past). 4) Should + Infinitive (Simple forms for actions referring to the present and future, Perfect forms for actions 5) Would + Infinitive (Simple forms for actions referring to the present and future, Perfect forms for actions 6) Could + Infinitive (Simple forms for actions referring to the present and future, Perfect forms for actions 7) Can + Infinitive (Simple forms for actions referring to the present and future, Perfect forms for actions referring to the past). It s an analytical form. 8) May + Infinitive (Simple forms for actions referring to the present and future, Perfect forms for actions 9) Might + Infinitive (Simple forms for actions referring to the present and future, Perfect forms for actions

3 CONDITIONAL CONDITIONAL Past in subordinate clauses (after if ) Would/could/might + Infinitive in main clauses Past Perfect (Conditional) is used for actions referring to the past should+infinitive or if happen to is used in the subordinate clause when we suggest that something is unlikely If can be dropped and the auxiliary put before the subject (inversion) in formal structures In formal English we can use the subordinate clause (after if) beginning with were + Infinitive (Simple for present situation, perfect for past situation) Would/could/might + Perfect Infinitive is used for actions referring to the past Notion, contrary to the fact; unreal condition; hypothetical situation Notion, contrary to the fact; unreal situation If I were a sultan, I would have three wives. You could have been on time if you had caught the bus. He could play basketball, if he were taller. We wouldn't be lost if we had looked at the map. Should you change your mind, you know where to find me. Were you to have stopped and considered, you d have seen the error of your ways.

4 OBJECT OBJECT after reporting verbs verb + that clause Should + Infinitive Used after reporting verbs: announce order ask prefer command propose demand recommend desire request determine require indicate suggest insist urge She suggested he cook something for her. Jake recommended that Susan be hired immediately. The customer demanded that the company should give him a full refund. OBJECT after the verb wish Past Past Perfect (Conditional) is used for actions referring to the past Wish, regret; notion, contrary to the fact; hypothetical situation I wish my nose wasn t so big. I wish you were here. I wish they had been luckier. OBJECT after the verb wish Would + Infinitive Wish, annoyance, regret, critical request I wish you would shut up. I wish it would stop raining. I wish you wouldn t drive so fast.

5 SUBJECT AND PREDICATIVE PREDICATIVE after subjects which express the idea that something is important or desirable Should + Infinitive Used with the following nouns as subjects: aim plan advice proposal arrangement requirement condition suggestion decision wish idea etc. My desire is that he should go there. Our advice is that the company invest in new equipment. Our condition is that he not leave school before eighteen PREDICATIVE after as if Past Past Perfect (Conditional) is used for actions referring to the past Notion, contrary to the fact: unreal situation I feel as if I were living the same day again and again. No one seemed to notice her: it was as if she were a ghost. SUBJECT of the type It is/it was + adjective + that Should + Infinitive Used with the expressions: It is best (that) It is crucial (that) It is desirable (that) It is essential (that) It is important (that) It is recommended (that) It is vital (that) It is a good / bad idea (that) That he go there is important. = It is important that he go there. It is crucial that a car be waiting for the boss when the meeting is over.

6 ATTRIBUTIVE AND ADVERBIAL ATTRIBUTIVE after It s (high) time Past Wish, necessity It s high time you went on a diet! ATTRIBUTIVE APPOSITIVE after the nouns which express the idea that something is important or desirable Should + Infinitive Used with the nouns: Wish, suggestion, aim, idea, desire etc. Bookish style. Food is a necessity that we should embrace and enjoy but not abuse. Kate finally agreed to the Peters family suggestion that she make their home her permanent residence. ADVERBIAL of comparison Past Past Perfect (Conditional) is used for actions referring to the past Notion, contrary to the fact He moves swiftly as if he were a dancer. He was constantly yawning as if he had not slept enough.

7 SIMPLE SIMPLE with traditional expressions May+infinitive Might+infinitive Wish Be it so! Suffice it to say Long live Queen! Far be it from me... God forbid! May success attend you! May the Force be with you! EMPHATIC starting with If only Past Past Perfect is used for an action referring to the past Wish; notion, contrary to the fact; hypothetical situation I only she hadn t told the police! If only I were younger! If only I hadn t drunk too much yesterday! SIMPLE expressing potential action Would/could/might+ Infinitive Would + Perfect Infinitive is used for an action referring to the past Notion, contrary to the fact I would have eaten a bull!