How To Understand The Power Of Work And Power
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- John Atkinson
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1 LAB ( & ) PHYSICS - TALBOO NAME: DATE: PERIOD: INTRODUCTION The term horsepower was originally defined to compare the output of steam engines with the power of draft horses. The unit was then widely adopted to measure the output of piston engines, turbines, electric motors, and other machinery. Today, we know it for its common use in advertising the power of automobiles. PURPOSE To investigate the concepts of and through direct measurement of the distance and time associated with climbing stairs and lifting weights. PROCEDURE (STAIR-CLIMBING) 1. Your weight is equal to the force required to walk up the stairs at constant speed. Multiply your weight in pounds by 4.45 to convert it to units of Newtons. 2. Measure the vertical heights (in meters) of 1 set of stairs, 2 sets of stairs and 3 sets of stairs and record your answers in DATA TABLE (STAIRS) where indicated. 3. Position yourself at the bottom of 1 set of stairs. You will need to walk up the set of stairs SLOWLY and record the time required to do so in TABLE 1. Position yourself at the bottom of the stairs again. Now walk up the set of stairs QUICKLY and record the time required to do so in DATA TABLE (STAIRS). 4. Repeat Step 3 for 2 sets of stairs. 5. Repeat Step 3 for 3 sets of stairs. 6. Using the equation = (FORCE)(DISPLACEMENT), calculate the amount of work required to walk each set of stairs slowly and quickly. 7. Using the equation stairs slowly and quickly. = TIME, calculate the amount of power expended in walking each set of 8. Using the conversion 1 HORSE = 746 WATTS, calculate the horsepower you generated in climbing each set of stairs.
2 PROCEDURE (WEIGHT-LIFTING) 1. In this portion of the lab, you will be lifting light and heavy dumbbells over a vertical distance. Multiply the dumbbell s weight by 4.45 to convert it to units of Newtons. Record those weights in DATA TABLE (WEIGHT-LIFTING) under FORCE. When this weight is lifted at a constant speed, the force you lift with is equal to the weight of the dumbbell. Unlike the previous procedure, the goal is to keep your time relatively constant during the weight trials. 2. Have your partner measure the vertical distance the weights will travel during the exercise shown. Start with the dumbbell by your side, curl your arm upward at the elbow and then raise your arm up over your head. 3. Lift the dumbbells at a constant speed. Time how long it requires you to lift the dumbbell for 10 repetitions. To find the average time to lift the weights upward, divide this time by 20, and record it in the DATA TABLE (WEIGHT-LIFTING) under TIME. 4. Using the equation = (FORCE) (DISPLACEMENT), calculate and record the amount of work required to lift each weight from rest position to max height. 5. Using the equation barbell. = TIME, calculate and record the amount of power expended in lifting the 6. Using the conversion 1 HORSE = 746 WATTS, calculate and record the horsepower you generated in lifting the weights.
3 LAB ( & ) PHYSICS - TALBOO NAME: DATE: PERIOD: DATA TABLE (STAIRS) ACTIVITY 1 set of stairs 1 set of stairs 2 sets of stairs 2 sets of stairs 3 sets of stairs 3 sets of stairs DISPLACEMENT (m) TIME (sec) (Joules) (Watts) (horsepower) DATA TABLE (WEIGHT-LIFTING) ACTIVITY FORCE (N) Lifting 2 light dumbbells Lifting 2 heavier dumbbells DISPLACEMENT (m) TIME (sec) (Joules) (Watts) (horsepower)
4 ANALYSIS Look at the column in STAIRS DATA TABLE. Compare the work done while walking up 1 set of stairs slowly and the work done while walking up 3 sets of stairs slowly. 1. What do you notice about the two values? 2. What does this tell you about the dependency of work on displacement? Look at the column in STAIRS DATA TABLE. Compare the work done while walking up 1 set of stairs slowly and the work done while walking up 1 set of stairs quickly. 3. What do you notice about the two values? 4. What does this tell you about the dependency of work on time? Look at the column in STAIRS DATA TABLE. Compare the power generated while walking up 1 set of stairs slowly and the power generated while walking up 3 sets of stairs slowly. 5. What do you notice about the two values? 6. What does this tell you about the dependency of power on displacement? Look at the column in STAIRS DATA TABLE. Compare the power generated while walking up 1 set of stairs slowly and the power generated while walking up 1 set of stairs quickly. 7. What do you notice about the two values? 8. What does this tell you about the dependency of power on time? 9. What would happen to your values if you were to walk down the stairs instead of up? 10. What would happen to your values if you walked up AND down the stairs?
5 Look at the column in WEIGHTS DATA TABLE. Compare the work done while lifting 2 small dumbbells and the work done while lifting 2 large dumbbells. 11. What do you notice about the two values? 12. What does this tell you about the dependency of work on force? 13. What would happen to your values if you were to lower the weights instead of lift? 14. What would happen to your values if you lifted AND lowered the weights? Look at the column in WEIGHTS DATA TABLE. Compare the power generated while lifting 2 small dumbbells and the power generated while lifting 2 large dumbbells. 15. What do you notice about the two values? 16. What does this tell you about the dependency of power on force? AT HOME EXTENSION Find the following information about your car: Make: Model: Year: Horsepower: Convert this value in horsepower to Power (Watts):
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