Regents Review Organic Worksheet Mr. Beauchamp

Transcription

1 Regents Review Mr. Beauchamp 1. Which general formula represents t he homologous serie s of hydrocarbons that includes the compound l-heptyne? 10. Which formula represents an unsatur ated hydrocarbon? C n H 2n-6 C n H 2n C n H 2n-2 C n H 2n+2 2. A molecule of butane and a molecule of 2-butene both have the same total number of carbon atoms single bonds hydrogen atoms double bonds 3. What are the two main products of a fermentation reaction? ethanol and carbon dioxide sugar and carbon dioxide ethanol and water sugar and water 4. Which structural form ula represents an unsaturated hydrocarbon? 11. The process of joining many small molecules into larger molecules is called neutralization saponification polymerization substitution 12. Which structural formula represents an ether? 5. Given the formula: This compound is classified as an aldehyde an amine an amide a ketone 6. Which organic reaction pro duces rubber and p lastics? polymerization saponification esterification fermentation 7. In which reaction is soap a product? addition saponification substitution polymerization 8. A double carbon-carbon bond is found in a molecule of pentane pentyne pentene pentanol 9. The compounds 2-butanol and 2-butene both contain double bonds, only carbon atoms single bonds, only oxygen atoms 13. Atoms of which element can bond with each other t o form ring and chain structures in compounds? C H Ca Na 14. Which formula represents pr opyne? C 3 H 4 C 5 H 8 C 3 H 6 C 5 H Which compound is a saturated hydrocarbon? hexane hexanol hexene hexanal 16. Which formula correctly represent s the product of an addition reaction between ethene and chlorine? Cl 2 Cl C 2 H 4 Cl 2 C 2 H 3 Cl Page 1

2 17. Which structural formula represents an a lcohol? 24. Given the formulas for two compounds: 18. Given the structural formula: What is t he IUPAC name of this compound? pentanal methyl pentanoate pentanol pentanoic acid 19. Which formula represents an unsatu rated hydrocarbon? CHCl Cl CH 20. The compound COO is classified as an acid a hydrocarbon an ester an alcohol 21. When butane burns in an excess of oxygen, the principal products are CO 2 and H 2 O CO and H 2 O CO 2 and H 2 CO and H What is the t otal number of carbon atoms in a molecule of ethanoic acid? Which formula represents a ketone? These compounds differ in gram-formula mass molecular formula percent composition by mass physical properties at STP 25. Which organic compounds are often used t o create fragrances for the perfume industry? ethers alkanes esters alkynes 26. Given the equation: C 2 H 6 + Cl 2 C 2 H 5 Cl + HCl This reaction is best described as addition involving a saturated hydrocarbon addition involving an unsaturated hydrocarbon substit ution involving a saturated hydrocarbon substit ution involving an unsaturated hydrocarbon 27. The principal products of saponification, a reaction between a fat and a base, are soap and water carbon dioxide glycerol ethyl alcohol 28. The organic compound represent ed by the condensed structural formula CHO is classified as an alcohol ester aldehyde ether 29. Given the structural formula: The compound represented by this formula can be classified as an organic acid ester ether aldehyde HCOOH CO HCHO OH Page 2

3 30. Two substances have different physical and chemical properties. Both substances have molecules that contain two carbon atoms, one oxyg en atom, and six hydrogen atoms. These two substances must be isomers of each other the same compound isotopes of each other the same h ydrocarbon 31. Which formula represents an ether? 36. Which structural formula is correct for 2-methyl-3- pentanol? 32. What is t he IUPAC name of the compound with th e following structural formula? propanone butanone propanal butanal 33. Which two compounds are isomers of each other? COOH and COO CHO and CO CHBr and BrCHBr CHOH and CHOH OH 37. Which structural formula represents 1,1-dibromopropane? 34. Given the balanced equati on for an organic reaction: C 2 H 2 + 2Cl 2 C 2 H 2 Cl 4 This reaction is best classified as addition fermentation esterification substitution 35. Given the structural formula: What is the total number of electrons shared in the bond between the t wo carbon atoms? Page 3

4 38. Given the structural formula: Base your answers to questions 42 and 43 on the information below. Many esters have distinctive odors, which lead to their widespread use as ar tificial flavorings and fragrances. For example, methyl butanoate has an odor like pineapple and ethyl methanoate has an odor like raspberry. 42. What is a chemical name for the alcohol that reacts with methanoic acid to produc e the ester that has an odor like raspberry? This structural formula represents a molecule of an aldehyde a ketone an ester an amino acid 39. Which functional group, when attached t o a chain of carbon atoms, will produce an organic mo lecule with t he characteristic properties of an aldehyde? 43. Draw a structural formula for the ester that has an odor like pineapple. 44. A gasoline engine burns gasoline in the presence of excess oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. The main components of gasoline are isomers of octane. A structural formula of octane is shown below. 40. Given the incomplete equation representi ng an organic addition reaction: Draw a structural formula for 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. X(g) + Cl 2 (g) - XCl 2 (g) Which compound could be repre sented by X? CH 4 C 2 H 4 C 3 H 8 C 4 H Given the balanced equation representing a reaction: + Br 2 Br + HBr This organic reaction is best classified as an addition reaction a polymerization reaction an esterification reaction a substitution reaction Page 4

5 45. Which type of reaction is represe nted by the equati on below? esterification fermentation saponification polymerization 46. Given the three organic structural formulas shown below: Which organic compound classes are repres ented by these structural formulas, as shown from left to right? ester, organic acid, ketone ester, aldehyde, organic acid ketone, ald ehyde, alcohol ketone, organic acid, al cohol 47. Given the reaction: This reaction is an example of fermentation saponification hydrogenation esterification Base your answers to questions 48 and 49 on the information below. The incomplete equation below represents an este rification reaction. The alcohol reactant is represented by X. 48. Write an IUPAC name for the reactant represent ed by its structural formula in this equati on. 49. Draw the structural formula for the alcohol represented by X. Page 5

6 50. Base your answer to the following question on the information below Ozone gas, O 3, can be used to kill adult inse cts in storage bins for grain without damaging the grain. The ozo ne is produced from oxygen gas, O 2, in portab le ozone generators located near the storage bins. The concentrations of ozone used are so low that they do not cause any environmental damage. This use of ozone is safer a nd more environmentally friendly than a method that used bromomethane, Br. However, bromomethane was more effective than ozone because Br killed immature insects as well as adult insects. Adapted From: The Sunday Gazette (Schenectady, NY) 3/9/03 Given the balanced equat ion for producing bromo methane. Br 2 + CH 4 -Br + HBr Identify the type of org anic reacti on shown. Page 6

7 Answer Key 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. B 11. B 31. C 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. A 36. B 37. D 38. D 39. B 40. B 41. D 47. D 48. Examples: ethanoic acid acetic acid Examples: substitution bromination halogentation 12. D 13. A 14. A 42. Examples: ethanol ethyl alcohol A 16. C 17. B 18. D 19. D 20. B 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. D B 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. B 30. A 45. D 46. D