In light of the Paris Agreement: carbon markets, competitiveness and energy policy
|
|
- Rodger Dalton
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 In light of the Paris Agreement: carbon markets, competitiveness and energy policy () Seminar, Chair for Sustainable Energy, Universitat de Barcelona 21st April 2016 Folie 1
2 Outline 1. The climate regime after Carbon markets 3. Competitivenessissues 4. Energypolicy 5. The Paris Agreement and energy trends Folie 2
3 1 Key features of the Paris Agreement Signing ceremony starts tomorrow in New York (open for signature: 22nd April st April 2017) Universality Three areas covered: mitigation, adaptation, finance Bottom-up climate policy: NDCs (pre-paris: INDCs) Industrial countries responsibilities are documented Process-based agreement review cycles Folie 3
4 2 The future of carbon pricing under the Paris Agreement Kyoto Protocol included flexible mechanisms: Emissions trading, clean development mechanism and joint implementation Paris Agreement: Article 6, future of explicit and implicit carbon pricing different types of mechanisms subject to further precision under the COP process (2016) Voluntary cooperative approaches in Art 6.1 recognized when implementing NDCs Clubs are an option More explicit types 1. Transfers of mitigation outcomes (Art ) internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs) The CMA stipulates the accounting rules ( shall apply robust accounting ), but the mechanisms are not under the supervision of the COP/CMA. Thus anything goes, JCM, REDD+, 2. Mechanisms contributing to mitigation and to sustainabily ( SDM ) (Art ) (predecessor: CDM), subject to further negotiations, definitions not clear yet, environmental integrity issues, accounting rules, oversight (baseline and credit mechanism?) 3. Non-market approaches framework Folie 4
5 2 Carbon pricing clubs Idea from game theory how to provide a global public good Nordhaus (2015), others: incentives and sanctions need to be included e.g. technology transfer, trade measures UNSG summit 2014/World Bank initiative in context with COP21: French Environment minister Royal and Dutch CEO of Royal DSM head the Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition Global goals for a broader coverage of GHG by carbon pricing Regular progress reporting Business support Increasing the overall price level of CO2, stable and predictable pricing, drive cohesion, not competition Article 6 of the Paris Agreement Folie 5
6 EU Climate and Energy Agenda 2030 (INDC) Greenhouse Gases Renewable Energy All sectors Sectors covered by the European Emissions Trading Scheme Sectors not covered by the European Emissions Trading Scheme Renewable energy share in gross final energy consumption EnergyEfficiency Absolute reduction in primary energy demand compared to a BAU case At least -40% from 1990 levels -43% from 2005 levels -30% from 2005 levels -27% of European level -27% (indicative) Folie 6
7 2 Carbon pricingin theeu: ETS Target for emission reductions by the EU: at least 40 percent (compared to 1990) ETS takes over roughly 40% of this target, covering power sector and manufacturing Non-ETS sectors: transport, buildings, agriculture MS level, EU effort sharing decision 2016 EU target for 2050: 85-90% Reform debate: Backloading, Market Stability Reserve, National or EUwide floor price(s) Folie 7
8 2.1 CO 2 emissionsconcentratedin a fewsectors (UK example) Electricity cost increase (blue); cost for buying all allowances (grey) - relative to gross value added. Potential maximum gross value added at stake (MVAS) and net gross value added at stake (NVAS) 40% 30% 20% 10% 4% 2% 0% Lime Cement Allocation dependent (direct) CO 2 costs / GVA Electricity (indirect) CO 2 costs / GVA Basic iron & steel Refined petroleum Price increase assumption: CO 2 = 20/t CO 2; Electricity = 10/MWh Other inorganic Household paper Casting of iron basic chemicals Non-wovens Copper Industrial gases Flat glass Coke oven Veneer sheets Fertilisers & Nitrogen Malt Rubber tiers & tubes Aluminium Pulp & Paper Hollow glass Finishing of textiles 0.0% 0.2% 0.4% 0.6% 0.8% 1.0% UK Study examined 159 subsector activities and identified a top 20+3 for which combined cost 20/tCO2 exceed 4% of Sector Value Added. These activities account for 1% of UK GDP (Climate Strategies 2007: Hourcade, Neuhoff, D ly and Sato, Differentiation and dynamics of EU ETS industrial competitiveness impacts) UK GDP Folie 8
9 2.1 CO 2 emissionsconcentratedin a fewsectors (German example) Electricity cost increase (blue); cost for buying all allowances (grey) - relative to gross value added. Graichen et al. 2009, in: Grubb, Brewer, Houser & Sato, Climate policy and industrial competitiveness: ten lessons from the EU ETS, German Marshall Fund US, Washington DC, 2009; 20 t/co2 Folie 9
10 2.1 Carbon pricingin theeu Source: CEPS, 2016 State of the EU ETS Report, based on EEA (2015, Trends and projections in the EU ETS in 2015 p. 30) After 2020: 2.2% cap decline per year Folie 10
11 2.1 Reform plansforfreeallocationundertheeu ETS European Commission Folie
12 2 Carbon pricing in China Announcement by China in 2015: a national ETS plannedfrom2017 Targeted industries: 8 sectors and 18 sub-sectors which consume >10,000 of coal equivalent per year. Power sector Petrochemicals (crude oil, ethylene) Chemicals (methanol, ammonia, carbide) Iron and Steel Non-ferrous metals Building production and materials (clinker, glass) Pulp and paper Aviation Market stability reserve and new entrants reserve Hybrid allocation system full auctioning envisaged after 2020 Carbon leakage list is possible Folie 12
13 2 Carbon pricing around the globe Source: Neuhoff et al. (2014): Staying with the Leaders: Europe s path to a low carbon economy. DIW Berlin Calculations based on Ecofys, 2013; Sopher, P., Mansell, A., 2013; OECD, 2013; Jotzo, F. et al., 2013; Rudolph, S., Kawatsu, T., 2012; Ptak, M., Folie
14 3 Competitiveness implications Levelling of the playing field Drivers of EII competitiveness China as a game changer? Competitiveness from an environmental point of view: carbon leakage effects Folie 14
15 3 Concepts Competitiveness: of firms and of countries Carbon Leakage: emissions (re)location Carbon Footprint: emissions associated with the chain of production, consumption and final disposal of goods Carbon Flows/Embedded Carbon: CO2 content of traded goods Carbon leakage channels: Global energy markets Industrial competitiveness: operational and investment decisions Technological spill-overs Folie 15
16 3 Carbon leakage energy markets Energy market effects under the Kyoto Protocol, CGE modelling. Estimated leakage rates range from -14% to 130%. However, central estimates rather range from approximately 5% to 25%. The extreme cases with negative leakage rates or rates above 100% are due to particular assumptions. In general, CGE modellers stick to basic assumptions of perfect competition with constant returns to scale as well as an exogenous representation of technological change via autonomous energy efficiency improvement (AEEI) parameters. Folie 16
17 3 Carbon leakage CGE modelresultsforthekyoto world 140% 120% 100% 80% n.a. GTAP-E n.a. GTAP-EG WorldScan GTAP-EG GTAP-E MS-MRT WorldScan GTAP-E WorldScan WorldScan GREEN MS-MRT WorldScan WorldScan MIT-EPPA WorldScan Light WorldScan GREEN MIT-EPPA Light Light MIT-EPPA MIT-EPPA 60% 40% Leakage rate* 20% 0% G-Cubed MIT-EPPA GTAP-EG GTAP-EG GEM-E3 GTAP-E GREEN GEM-E3 GTAP-E GTAP-E GTAP-EG GREEN Light -20% CGE-Models with different specifications 17 Folie *share of emission reduction in Annex-I-countries that is not a global reduction, but due to an increase of emissions in Non-Annex-I countries
18 3 Carbon leakage in the energy-intensive industries Dirty dozen prone to leakage if there is a competitive international market situation cost pass-through differs across sectors In Europe a few key sectors deserve (and get) special treatment. 8% of manufacturing industries spend more than 6% of their revenue on energy. For some of their energy intensive processes, energy price differentials to the rest of the world can matter. (Germany: for 92% of manufacturing, energy bills are on average less than 1.6% of revenue) However, energy price differences with competitors due to differences in natural resource endowment can only be compensated for through additional efforts on energy efficiency and innovation. Folie 18
19 4 Energy policy and energy market trends Questions in context with INDCs and with the global climate policy agenda: What drives energy policy? Global energy markets (e.g. shale gas, coal price, oil price) Security of supply and geo-politics Economic cycles/employment Environmental policy targets What drives the markets? Demand side trends Investment options Innovation Deployment and economies of scale Carbon pricing energy subsidies regulation in the power sector Folie 19
20 4 Subsidies for fossil fuels without externalities(g20) IMF Pre-Tax Subsidies in USD bn. (nom. 2015) Russia 0,00 42,8 Saudi Arabia 37,2 United States 13,3 India 11,3 Indonesia 9,6 Argentina 8,8 EU 28 8,6 Germany 3,3 South Africa 2,5 Brazil 1,7 Canada 1,4 Australia 0,8 United Kingdom 0,5 Turkey 0,2 France 0,1 Japan 0,1 Korea 0,0 Mexico 0,0 Italy 0,0 China 0,0 Petroleum Coal Natural gas Electricity Source: IMF 2015 Folie 20
21 4 Subsidies for fossil fuels external effects(g20) IMF: Post-Tax Subsidies in USD bn (nom. 2015) Pre-tax subsidies Global warming Local air pollution Congestion Accidents Road damage Foregone consumption tax revenue China United States 699,2 Russia 335,4 EU ,8 India 277,3 Japan 157,1 Saudi Arabia 106,6 Korea 73,0 Indonesia 69,2 Germany 55,6 Brazil 55,4 South Africa 46,4 Canada 46,0 United Kingdom 41,2 Turkey 38,9 Mexico 30,9 France 30,1 Australia 30,1 Argentina 17,5 Italy 13,7 Source: IMF ,9 Folie 21
22 4 Subsidies for fossil fuels with external effects(g20) IMF Post-Tax Subsidies in USD bn. (nom. 2015) China United States 699,2 Russia 335,4 EU ,8 India 277,3 Japan 157,1 Saudi Arabia 106,6 Korea 73,0 Indonesia 69,2 Germany 55,6 Brazil 55,4 South Africa 46,4 Canada 46,0 United Kingdom 41,2 Turkey 38,9 Mexico 30,9 France 30,1 Australia 30,1 Argentina 17,5 Italy 13,7 Petroleum Coal Natural Gas Electricity Source: IMF ,9 Folie 22
23 4Energytrendsin theindcs Special WEO by the IEA looks into 2030, considering the INDCs (end of 2015) what would the energy sector look like if all INDCs were implemented? Key messages No climate solution without changes in the energy system INDCs majority is about well-known agendas: efficiency improvements. Only a few countries list: phase-out of inefficient coal-fired power plants, lowering methane emissions from oil and gas production, fossilfuel subsidy reform or carbon pricing Rarely mentioned: energy sector technology or policy options that are required for a long term transformation: nuclear power, CCS, alternative vehicle fuels Overall energy-related GHG emission growth will slow. Electricity demand will rise by 40 per cent. Non-fossil fuels share will rise to 25% (compared to 20% 2015) Decoupling: OECD electricity demand to rise by 10 per cent, CO2 emissions to drop by one third Folie 23
24 5 Paris Agreement energy emission reductions What will drive(global) emission reductions and decarbonisation of the energy sector under the Paris Agreement? National interest and co-benefits from INDCs implementation: security of supply; cost savings / competitiveness/ comparative advantage Review under PA more transparency/knowledge/policy competition Deployment of technologies (via means of implementation, via markets) Investments: global context of slow growth, low interest rates, and ROI Folie 24
25 Thank you for your attention Droege, S., Geden, O. (2016): After the Paris Agreement New Challenges for EU s Leadership in Climate Policy, Comments 2016/C 19, April 2016 Droege, S. (2016): The Paris Agreement Turning Point for the International Climate Regime, Research Paper 2016/RP 04 Folie 25
Fossil fuels subsidies in the agenda of the G20
Fossil fuels subsidies in the agenda of the G20 María Victoria Lottici Researcher Centre for International Economy Argentine Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Trade GSI-UNEP Conference - Increasing
More informationWorld Energy Outlook. Dr. Fatih Birol IEA Chief Economist Paris, 27 February 2014
World Energy Outlook Dr. Fatih Birol IEA Chief Economist Paris, 27 February 2014 The world energy scene today Some long-held tenets of the energy sector are being rewritten Countries are switching roles:
More informationOutline. 1. Climate and energy: where do we stand? 2. Why a new framework for 2030? 3. How it works. 4. Main challenges. 5.
1 Outline 1. Climate and energy: where do we stand? 2. Why a new framework for 2030? 3. How it works 4. Main challenges 5. and benefits 6. Other key points 7. Next steps 2 1. Climate and energy: where
More informationAnnex 5A Trends in international carbon dioxide emissions
Annex 5A Trends in international carbon dioxide emissions 5A.1 A global effort will be needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to arrest climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
More informationEuropean Emissions Trading Scheme The German Experience
European Emissions Trading Scheme The German Experience Energy Community 8th Environmental Task Force Meeting Vienna, 15 October 2014 Angelika Smuda Emissions Trading Division Federal Ministry for the
More informationInterview: Aurélie Faure, Financial Analyst at Dexia Asset Management
Research letter n 09/03 October 2009 http://www.carbonium.fr/pdf/research0903.pdf CONTENTS Interview: Aurélie Faure, Financial Analyst at Dexia Asset Management... p. 1 Hot topics in Copenhagen... p. 3
More informationEnergy Efficiency Indicators for Public Electricity Production from Fossil Fuels
international energy agency agence internationale de l energie Energy Efficiency Indicators for Public Electricity Production from Fossil Fuels IEA Information paper In Support of the G8 Plan of Action
More informationOUTLOOK FOR NATURAL GAS IN EUROPE
6th German-Norwegian Energy Conference OUTLOOK FOR NATURAL GAS IN EUROPE Dr. Berit Tennbakk, Partner, RETROSPECT FALLING AND CONVERGING GAS PRICES HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT MAIN DRIVERS Financial crisis Fukushima
More informationInclusion of Consumption in Emissions Trading an International Comparison. William Acworth, DIW Berlin
Inclusion of Consumption in Emissions Trading an International Comparison William Acworth, DIW Berlin Background and experience England Dual Citizenship: UK and Australian Germany Masters of Public Policy
More informationWorld Simulations with GEM-E3
World Simulations with 1 Introduction The implementation of the Kyoto protocol would imply the emissions of Annex B countries to be collectively reduced by 5% in 2008-2012 relatively to their 1990 level,
More informationLondon, 10 November 2015
London, 10 November 2015 The start of a new energy era? 2015 has seen lower prices for all fossil fuels Oil & gas could face second year of falling upstream investment in 2016 Coal prices remain at rock-bottom
More informationWorld Energy Outlook 2007: China and India Insights. www.worldenergyoutlook.org International Energy Agency
World Energy Outlook 27: China and India Insights www.worldenergyoutlook.org International Energy Agency Why Focus on China & India? Increase in World Primary Energy Demand, Imports & Energy-Related CO
More informationThe Global Commission on the Economy and Climate. Major Economies Forum, Paris
The Global Commission on the Economy and Climate Major Economies Forum, Paris Jeremy Oppenheim, Programme Director 11 th July 2014 Purpose of the Global Commission Reframe the debate about economic growth
More informationThe Economics of Climate Change C 175. To Kyoto and Beyond. Spring 09 UC Berkeley Traeger 7 International Cooperation 22
To Kyoto and Beyond 7 International Cooperation 22 International Cooperation on Climate Change 1988 United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution urging the protection of global climate for present
More informationTHE UK CLIMATE CHANGE PROGRAMME AND EXAMPLES OF BEST PRACTICE. Gabrielle Edwards United Kingdom
Workshop on Best Practices in Policies and Measures, 11 13 April 2000, Copenhagen THE UK CLIMATE CHANGE PROGRAMME AND EXAMPLES OF BEST PRACTICE Gabrielle Edwards United Kingdom Abstract: The UK published
More informationBenchmarking Travel & Tourism Global Summary
Benchmarking Travel & Tourism Global Summary How does Travel & Tourism compare to other sectors? Sponsored by: Summary of Findings, November 2013 Outline Introduction... 3 Summary of research structure..
More informationNEW ZEALAND. Submission to the ADP. New Zealand s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution. 7 July 2015
NEW ZEALAND Submission to the ADP New Zealand s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution 7 July 2015 New Zealand hereby communicates its intended nationally determined contribution and the accompanying
More informationThe Global Chemical Industry: US, China and Global Status and Opportunities, 2015
The Global Chemical Industry: US, China and Global Status and Opportunities, 2015 August 28, 2005 American Chemical Society Martha Gilchrist Moore Moore Economics mmoore@mooreeconomics.com Opportunities
More informationNuclear power is part of the solution for fighting climate change
Nuclear power is part of the solution for fighting climate change "Nuclear for Climate" is an initiative undertaken by the members of the French Nuclear Energy Society (SFEN), the American Nuclear Society
More informationSummary of the Impact assessment for a 2030 climate and energy policy framework
Summary of the Impact assessment for a 2030 climate and energy policy framework Contents Overview a. Drivers of electricity prices b. Jobs and growth c. Trade d. Energy dependence A. Impact assessment
More informationEnergy Climate and Change
Secure Sustainable Together Climate and Change World Outlook Special Briefing for COP21 INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The International Agency (IEA), an autonomous agency, was established in November 1974.
More informationENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW OF BRAZIL. Main findings and recommendations
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEW OF BRAZIL Main findings and recommendations Nathalie Girouard and Ivana Capozza OECD Environment Directorate Brasília, 4 November 2015 Outline Brazil s economic and social
More informationUNECE Energy Week Geneva. in Energy Security
UNECE Energy Week Geneva Investing in Energy Security Committee on Sustainable Energy and related Meetings Wednesday 28 November 2007 Special Session: Investing in and Financing the Hydrocarbon Sector
More informationFrom Carbon Subsidy to Carbon Tax: India s Green Actions 1
From Carbon Subsidy to Carbon Tax: India s Green Actions 1 09 CHAPTER 9.1 INTRODUCTION The recent steep decline in international oil prices is seen by many as an opportunity to rationalize the energy prices
More informationThe Copenhagen Accord on Climate Change: A legal analysis
Fordham University New York 22 February 2010 Understanding Copenhagen: U.S and E.U. Negotiation Positions and the Landscape for Future Negotiations The Copenhagen Accord on Climate Change: A legal analysis
More informationTTIP The Energy Conundrum Cheap or Clean?
TTIP The Energy Conundrum Cheap or Clean? Vasile Iuga 16 October 2015 Current position EU US Energy Demand Flat Growing Dependency on Imports 53% and growing 400 bln / annum Net export by 2017 Domestic
More informationWorld Energy Outlook 2009. Presentation to the Press London, 10 November 2009
World Energy Outlook 29 Presentation to the Press London, 1 November 29 The context The worst economic slump since the 2 nd World War & signs of recovery but how fast? An oil price collapse & then a rebound
More informationRussia. How does Travel & Tourism compare to other sectors? GDP. Size. Share. Russia GDP Impact by Industry. Russia GDP Impact by Industry
Russia Izmaylovo Kremlin in Moscow Agriculture Automotive Manufacturing Banking Chemicals Manufacturing Communications Education Financial Services Mining Other Service Exports Retail (without wholesale)
More informationNorwegian position on the proposed EU framework for climate and energy policies towards 2030
Norwegian position on the proposed EU framework for climate and energy policies towards 2030 The EU plays an important role as a global leader in climate policy and has a fundamental interest in strengthening
More informationRoadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050
Roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050 COUNTRY CAPITAL XXX, 9 March 2011 NAME XXX DG Climate Action European Commission 1 Limiting climate change a global challenge Keeping average
More informationWhy are developing countries exempt from the emissions targets?
Kyoto Protocol Overview The Kyoto Protocol is a legally binding, international agreement that sets targets for industrialized countries to limit or reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) by the
More informationEnergy Working Group Proposed Workplan for 2013
2013/SOM1/SCE-COW/010 Agenda Item: 7 Energy Working Group Proposed Workplan for 2013 Purpose: Consideration Submitted by: EWG Chair SOM Steering Committee on Economic and Technical Cooperation - Committee
More informationHow To Get A Carbon Credit
Energy Saving Technologies & CDM - Business Opportunity with Japan - Clean Energy Finance Committee Mitsubishi UFJ Securities Contents 1. Technology & CDM: Why this is a new business model? 2. CDM: revenue
More informationGlobal Sector. How does Travel & Tourism compare to other sectors? GDP. Global Direct GDP. Global GDP Impact by Industry
Global Sector Agriculture Automotive Banking Chemicals Communications Education Financial Mining Other Service Manufacturing Manufacturing Services Exports Retail (without wholesale) Total Economy Travel
More informationII. Merchandise trade
II. Merchandise trade Merchandise trade increased by 5 per cent in volume in 211. The strongest momentum was achieved by trade in manufactured goods, which grew by.5 per cent. Key developments in 211:
More informationClimate change policies and the UK business sector: overview, impacts and suggestions for reform
Climate change policies and the UK business sector: overview, impacts and suggestions for reform Samuela Bassi, Antoine Dechezleprêtre and Sam Fankhauser Appendix 2 Methodology for the assessment of policy
More informationThe European Chlor-Alkali industry: an electricity intensive sector exposed to carbon leakage
Brussels, December 2010 The European Chlor-Alkali industry: an electricity intensive sector exposed to carbon leakage The revised EU ETS (Emission Trading Scheme) Directive 2009/29/EC will have financial
More informationSt. Petersburg Declaration - Energy Security: Challenges and Strategic Choices
APEC Saint Petersburg, Russia, 24-25 Jun 2012 2012 APEC Energy Ministerial Meeting St. Petersburg Declaration - Energy Security: Challenges and Strategic Choices 1. We, the Energy Ministers of member economies
More informationEnergy Megatrends 2020
Energy Megatrends 2020 Esa Vakkilainen 1 NOTE The data included in the following is mainly based on International Energy Agency's (IEA) World Energy Outlook 2007 IEA is considered the most reliable source
More information2014 BP Madrid forum on energy & sustainability BP 2014
14 BP Madrid forum on energy & sustainability BP 14 Contents Global energy trends Liquid fuels Refining implications European focus Energy Outlook 35 BP 14 Primary energy consumption growth slows and the
More informationFrom separation to cooperation: Emissions trading systems in the EU and Switzerland
Federal Department of the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications DETEC Federal Office for the Environment FOEN From separation to cooperation: Emissions trading systems in the EU and Switzerland
More informationIssue. September 2012
September 2012 Issue In a future world of 8.5 billion people in 2035, the Energy Information Administration s (EIA) projected 50% increase in energy consumption will require true all of the above energy
More informationSubmission by Norway to the ADP
Submission by Norway to the ADP Norway s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution 1. Introduction Norway is fully committed to the UNFCCC negotiation process towards adopting at COP21 a protocol, another
More informationCarbon footprint and GHG Inventories : two approaches for a better understanding of climate issues
Carbon footprint and GHG Inventories : two approaches for a better understanding of climate issues Monday, 7th of December 2015 COP21 Le Bourget - France Definition Carbon Footprint of a country Carbon
More informationUpdated development of global greenhouse gas emissions 2013
Updated development of global greenhouse gas emissions 2013 Hans-Joachim Ziesing Low Carbon Markets and the Legacy of Nuclear Power 19 th REFORM Group Meeting, Schloss Leopoldskron, Salzburg September
More informationBusiness proposals in view of a 2015 international climate change agreement at COP 21 in Paris
Business proposals in view of a 2015 international climate change agreement at COP 21 in Paris * 4th June 2015 By May 20 th 2015, Chairmen / Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of 73 international companies
More informationTHE MANAGING DIRECTOR S STATEMENT ON THE ROLE OF THE FUND IN ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE
NOVEMBER 25, 2015 THE MANAGING DIRECTOR S STATEMENT ON THE ROLE OF THE FUND IN ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE The Fund has a role to play in helping its members address those challenges of climate change for
More informationThe EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)
The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) y The EU ETS is the cornerstone of the European Union s drive to reduce its emissions of man-made greenhouse gases which are largely responsible for warming the
More informationThe German Emissions Trading Scheme Could Effect emission Reductions After 2012
The EU Emissions Trading Scheme post 2012 Executive summary The full report, in Swedish, is available at; - Swedish Energy Agency, www.stem.se, report ER 2006:45 - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency,
More informationGlobal growth rates Macroeconomic indicators CEDIGAZ Reference Scenario
Medium and Long Term Natural Gas Outlook CEDIGAZ February 215 Global growth rates Macroeconomic indicators CEDIGAZ Reference Scenario 4 3 %/year 199-213 213-235 6 Main consuming markets - %/year (213-235)
More informationEconomic Development and the Risk of Global Climate Change
14 Economic Development and the Risk of Global Climate Change Who is primarily responsible for creating the risk of global climate change? 78 Since the industrial revolution, economic development has been
More informationEnergy Projections 2006 2030 Price and Policy Considerations. Dr. Randy Hudson Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Energy Projections 2006 2030 Price and Policy Considerations Dr. Randy Hudson Oak Ridge National Laboratory There is perhaps no single current topic so potentially impacting to all life on this planet
More informationNetherlands National Energy Outlook 2014
Netherlands National Energy Outlook 2014 Summary Michiel Hekkenberg (ECN) Martijn Verdonk (PBL) (project coordinators) February 2015 ECN-E --15-005 Netherlands National Energy Outlook 2014 Summary 2 The
More informationAustralia s 2030 Emission Reduction Target
Australia s 2030 Emission Reduction Target Strong, credible, responsible The Australian Government will reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 26 28 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030. Our target is a step
More informationCOMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT. Accompanying the document
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, XXX SWD(2014) 18 /2 COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE IMPACT ASSESSMENT Accompanying the document Proposal for a Decision of the European Parliament
More informationImpacts of good practice policies on regional and global greenhouse gas emissions
Impacts of good practice policies on regional and global greenhouse gas emissions Authors: Hanna Fekete (NewClimate Institute), Mark Roelfsema (PBL), Niklas Höhne (NewClimate Institute), Michel den Elzen
More informationDecarbonisation and the Economy
October 2013 Decarbonisation and the Economy An empirical analysis of the economic impact of energy and climate change policies in Denmark, Sweden, Germany, UK and The Netherlands Our scope and process
More informationThe economic competitiveness of nuclear energy
How competitive is nuclear energy? by J.H. Keppler* The economic competitiveness of nuclear energy will be crucial for determining its future share in world electricity production. In addition, the widespread
More informationResolution: Energy and climate. Year and Congress: November 2009, Barcelona. Category: Environment and Energy. Page: 1. Energy and climate change
The European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party, convening in, Catalonia on 19th and 20th November 2009: Notes that: The EU is responsible for approximately 10 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions
More informationCarbon Tax Competitiveness Concerns: Assessing a Best Practices Income Tax Credit
Carbon Tax Competitiveness Concerns: Assessing a Best Practices Income Tax Credit Wayne Gray Clark University and NBER Gilbert E. Metcalf Tufts University and NBER RFF WORKSHOP Addressing Competitiveness
More informationTools to support BUR reporting
Tools to support BUR reporting The new WRI GHG Protocol Mitigation Accounting Standards Peer-to-peer exchange on BURs Berlin Marion Vieweg 16 October 2014 Overview Context - Reporting of mitigation actions
More informationEnergy Prices, Climate Change Policy and U.S. Economic Growth
Energy Prices, Climate Change Policy and U.S. Economic Growth Prepared for: Southern Growth Policies Board Annual Conference Biloxi, Mississippi June 8, 2009 By: Dr. Margo Thorning, Ph.D. Senior Vice President
More informationImplications of Abundant Natural Gas
Implications of Abundant Natural Gas JAE EDMONDS AND HAEWON MCJEON APRIL 2013 May 29, 2013 1 Background May 29, 2013 2 The natural gas revolution The application of technologies for accessing unconventional
More informationWhat Development for Bioenergy in Asia: A Long-term Analysis of the Effects of Policy Instruments using TIAM-FR model
What Development for Bioenergy in Asia: A Long-term Analysis of the Effects of Policy Instruments using TIAM-FR model Seungwoo Kang, Sandrine Selosse, Nadia Maïzi To cite this version: Seungwoo Kang, Sandrine
More informationAddressing Competitiveness in introducing ETR United Kingdom s climate change levy
Low Carbon Green Growth Roadmap for Asia and the Pacific CASE STUDY Addressing Competitiveness in introducing ETR United Kingdom s climate change levy Key point The UK Government introduced an energy tax
More informationOverview of UK Carbon Pricing Policies
Partnership for Market Readiness PA11 Overview of UK Carbon Pricing Policies Paul van Heyningen, Department of Energy & Climate Change 10 March 2015 UK approach to emissions reduction Set legally binding
More informationKeisuke Sadamori Director, Energy Markets and Security International Energy Agency Kuala Lumpur, 8 October
Keisuke Sadamori Director, Energy Markets and Security International Energy Agency Kuala Lumpur, 8 October The context Southeast Asia is a key pillar of Asia s growth A mix of countries with disparate
More informationGEOPOLITICS OF ENERGY AND ENERGY SECURITY A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE
GEOPOLITICS OF ENERGY AND ENERGY SECURITY A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE Jean-Paul Decaestecker Council of the European Union Energy Foresight Symposium 2007 BERGEN, 22-23 March 2007 EFS 2007 The views expressed
More informationBuilding a Low-Carbon Economy The UK's Contribution to Tackling Climate Change. www.theccc.org.uk
Building a Low-Carbon Economy The UK's Contribution to Tackling Climate Change www.theccc.org.uk Structure of the presentation 1. The 2050 target 2. The first three budgets 3. Wider social and economic
More informationLatin America and COP20
ESSAY cities, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) increasingly try to engage in global environmental issues, particularly with regards to the challenge of climate change. Latin America and the Caribbean
More informationINTENDED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION
INTENDED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTION 2020-2030 June 2015 MINISTRY SECRETARÍA OF DE THE MEDIO ENVIRONMENT AMBIENTE AND Y RECURSOS NATURAL NATURALES RESOURCES MÉXICO INSTITUTIONAL AND POLICY FOUNDATIONS
More informationCritical Policy Options to Protect Industry Competitiveness
Critical Policy Options to Protect Industry Competitiveness Graham Weale Chief Economist, RWE AG IEA Energy Business Council Meeting, Paris 4 th June 2013 RWE Group a leading European energy utility >
More informationThe Green Road to Growth in South Korea: The Conditions for Success. Prof. Jae-Seung LEE Korea University
The Green Road to Growth in South Korea: The Conditions for Success Prof. Jae-Seung LEE Korea University Energy Situation in Korea: Overview Natural Resource is scarce. The 13 th largest economy (GDP)
More informationEligibility for an exemption for the costs of Contracts for Difference for Energy Intensive Industries
Eligibility for an exemption for the costs of Contracts for Difference for Energy Intensive Industries Summary of BIS consultation July 2013 RWE npower 7/25/2013 PAGE 1 BACKGROUND RWE npower 7/25/2013
More informationFramework of the energy taxation: the situation in OECD countries!
Framework of the energy taxation: the situation in OECD countries! Presentation at the seminar JORNADA SOBRE LA FISCALIDAD AMBIENTAL EN LA ENERGÍA Y SU APLICACIÓN EN ESPAÑA Hosted by the Institute for
More informationGlobal Energy Dynamics: Outlook for the Future. Dr Fatih Birol Chief Economist, IEA 18 June 2014
Global Energy Dynamics: Outlook for the Future Dr Fatih Birol Chief Economist, IEA 18 June 2014 The world energy scene today Some long held tenets of the energy sector are being rewritten Countries are
More informationOil Price Update Q2 2016
Oil Price Update Q2 2016 Are oil prices near their equilibrium? www.pwc.nl Oil Price Update Q2 2016 Are oil prices near their equilibrium? Global supply and demand Global oil prices have recovered by some
More informationDetails on the Carbon Tax (Tax for Climate Change Mitigation)
Details on the Carbon Tax (Tax for Climate Change Mitigation) Introduction of Carbon Tax Contents 1. Background and Purpose of Carbon Tax 2. Mechanism of Carbon Tax 3. Household Burden due to Carbon Tax
More informationUSA - California Cap-and-Trade Program
1 5 International Carbon Action Partnership USA - California Cap-and-Trade Program General Information Summary Status: ETS in force Jurisdictions: California Initiated in 2012, the Californian cap-and-trade
More informationLow Carbon economy: How can (or should) the insurance industry adapt?
Low Carbon economy: How can (or should) the insurance industry adapt? Future. Talk 3 / 2011 Sustainability and Insurance, Köln, 31/3/2011 WWF Deutschland Matthias Kopp 31st March 2011-1 Insurance & the
More informationChairman, Working Group on Global Environment Strategy Committee on the Environment and Sft Safety KEIDANREN (Japan Business Federation)
The Japanese Business Community's Initiative to Tackle Climate Change Jun.1997 *Dec. 1997 Launched "KEIDANREN Action Plan on the Environment" Adoption of Kyoto Protocol @ COP3 Jan. 2013 Launched "KEIDANREN's
More informationE VIRO ME T Council meeting Luxembourg, 14 October 2013
COU CIL OF THE EUROPEA U IO EN Conclusions on Preparations for the 19th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 19) to the United ations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the 9th session
More informationCRS Report for Congress
Order Code RL32721 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Conflicting Situations, Conflicting Perspectives January 7, 2005 Larry Parker Specialist in Energy Policy
More informationThe European Carbon Market: From theory to practice
The European Carbon Market: From theory to practice Presented by Dr. Regina Betz CEEM, 2009 16th of June 2009, Market Engineering Lecture, University of Karlsruhe Content Emissions trading theory Market
More information11 th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA11)
11 th Workshop on GHG Inventories in Asia (WGIA11) 1994 Malaysia Ratified UNFCCC 2000 Initial National Communication 2009 National Green Technology & Climate Change Council 2012 to date Preparation of
More informationKyoto Protocol MEMO/04/43. What is the Kyoto Protocol? Bruxelles, 4 March 2004
MEMO/04/43 Bruxelles, 4 March 2004 Kyoto Protocol What is the Kyoto Protocol? The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol provide the only international framework
More informationD DAVID PUBLISHING. Voluntary Carbon Market in Turkey. 1. Introduction. Fehiman Ciner 1 and Aydemir Akyurek 2
Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 8 (2014) 1908-1912 D DAVID PUBLISHING Fehiman Ciner 1 and Aydemir Akyurek 2 1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nigde University,
More informationThe Global Outlook for Aluminium in Transportation
The Global Outlook for Aluminium in Transportation l What is the future of aluminium in the transportation sector? l What are the key trends and drivers in the industry? l What is the aluminium market
More informationWhite Certificates Trading, Green Certificates Trading, Emission Trading Which One to Choose?
White Certificates Trading, Green Certificates Trading, Emission Trading Which One to Choose? Dr. Xiaodong Wang, EASCS September 11, 2013 Structure of the Presentation Context: Chinese government s commitment
More informationBuilding Energy Performance Metrics
Building Energy Performance Metrics BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENC Y TA SKGROUP Secure Sustainable Together Building Energy Performance Metrics BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENC Y TA SKGROUP Secure Sustainable Together
More information41 T Korea, Rep. 52.3. 42 T Netherlands 51.4. 43 T Japan 51.1. 44 E Bulgaria 51.1. 45 T Argentina 50.8. 46 T Czech Republic 50.4. 47 T Greece 50.
Overall Results Climate Change Performance Index 2012 Table 1 Rank Country Score** Partial Score Tendency Trend Level Policy 1* Rank Country Score** Partial Score Tendency Trend Level Policy 21 - Egypt***
More informationGREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTION TARGETS FOR 2030 CONDITIONS FOR AN EU TARGET OF 40% POLICY STUDIES
GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTION TARGETS FOR 2030 CONDITIONS FOR AN EU TARGET OF 40% POLICY STUDIES Greenhouse gas emission reduction targets for 2030 Conditions for an EU target of 40% Greenhouse gas
More informationSix greenhouse gases covered by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol are:
Fact sheet: The need for mitigation United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Along with adaptation, mitigation is one of the two central approaches in the international climate change process.
More informationKilian GROSS Acting Head of Unit, A1, DG ENER European Commission
Kilian GROSS Acting Head of Unit, A1, DG ENER European Commission 1 Climate and energy: where do we stand? 2008/2009 2011 2014 The EU climate and energy package 2 Climate and energy: where do we stand?
More information2052 - A Global Forecast
252 - A Global Forecast for the Next Forty Years Jorgen Randers Professor Center for Climate Strategy Norwegian Business School BI J Randers 1 Pioneers of Energy Transition - Conference Vienna, Austria
More informationNEW RENEWABLE ENERGY INNOVATION PARTNERSHIPS: ELEMENTS OF A CONSTRUCTIVE CARBON STRATEGY FOR NORWAY S INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT
J4-3 NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY INNOVATION PARTNERSHIPS: ELEMENTS OF A CONSTRUCTIVE CARBON STRATEGY FOR NORWAY S INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT J. Buen, Research Fellow, Centre for Technology and Society, Norwegian
More informationWe endorse a comprehensive approach to address all greenhouse gas emissions. We recognise the importance of increasing energy efficiency
JOINT STATEMENT BY THE G8 ENERGY MINISTERS, THE EUROPEAN ENERGY COMMISSIONER, THE ENERGY MINISTERS OF BRAZIL, CHINA, EGYPT, IN- DIA, KOREA, MEXICO, SAUDI ARABIA, AND SOUTH AFRICA The Energy Ministers of
More informationNEW ZEALAND S RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE
NEW ZEALAND S RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE 1 NEW ZEALAND S RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE In simplifying this information, some detail has been omitted. For more complete information about climate change science
More informationSchedule of Accreditation issued by United Kingdom Accreditation Service 2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, TW18 3HR, UK
2 Pine Trees, Chertsey Lane, Staines-upon-Thames, TW18 3HR, UK ISO/IEC 17021:2011 to provide environmental management systems certification to Unit 6, Gordano Court Gordano Gate Business Park Serbert Close
More information