EISCAT_3D The view from Swedish Institute of Space Physics

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1 EISCAT_3D The view from Swedish Institute of Space Physics Lars Eliasson Institutet för rymdfysik Photo Ingrid Sandahl

2 1957 Swedish Institute of Space Physics Basic research Long term observations Scientific instruments Analysis methods Education and public outreach International cooperation Ground based instruments Arctic and Antarctic regions Measurements in space

3 How does the Sun and the solar wind affect technical systems and living organisms? Atmospheres are lost! Generation of planetary systems and where can life exist? Jupiter Merkury Moon Saturn Earth Mars Comets Venus

4 Aurora Borealis 100 km Natural assets Auroral oval, polar vortex Mother-of-pearl clouds 20 km Noctilucent clouds 80 km Bild : IRF-Kiruna

5 Observatory and some other ground-based instruments Observatory (starting > 60 years ago) Kiruna: magnetometer riometers all-sky camera ionosonde weather station Lycksele: magnetometer riometer ionosonde Uppsala: ionosonde Lidar and mm-wave radiometer All-sky camera Kiruna monthly K-index MST-radar Arctic and Antarctic

6 Infrasound observations High-altitude discharges, sprites Meteoroid entries Supersonic objects Explosions Polar lows Winds, waves,... Measurements started 1972

7 ARISE Atmospheric dynamics Research InfraStructure in Europe Design Study project FP7 Infrastructure program Infrasound: CTBT and national networks Mesosphere: NDMC - Airglow layer Stratosphere: NDACC - Lidar Additional stations (Infra, Lidar, Ionospheric) Volcanic sources Tropical gravity waves Infra/Ionospheric coupling

8 Research areas with Swedish interests Atmospheric physics and global change a. Vertical coupling between the atmospheric layers b. Turbulence and waves in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere Space and plasma physics a. Multiple scale interactions in ionospheremagnetosphere plasmas b. Active experiments and plasma turbulence Inflow and outflow of matter in the Earth s atmosphere Space debris and space weather Radio astronomy

9 Interested research groups today Ø IRF, Polar Atmospheric Research Programme, Kiruna Ø IRF, Solar Terrestrial Physics Programme, Kiruna and Uppsala Ø IRF, Space Plasma Physics Research Programme, Uppsala Ø SU, Department of Meteorology (MISU), Stockholm Ø KTH, School of EE, Space & Plasma Physics, Stockholm Ø Chalmers, Onsala Space Observatory, Göteborg Ø UmU, Department of Physics, Umeå Ø LTU, Division of Space Technology, Kiruna Ø LTU, Division of Fluid- and Experimental Mechanics, Luleå Ø FOI, Defense and Security Systems and Technology, Stockholm

10 Vertical coupling between the atmospheric layers in the polar atmosphere Copyright Sheila Kirkwood & Hans Nilsson 2003 climate and environment ozone and radiation balance clouds and aerosols winds energy transfer trends Example: Study of mountain wave breaking in the stratosphere at the lee side of a major mountain chain.

11 Turbulence and waves in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere Time evolution of Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE) measured in 3D by a 450 MHz incoherent scatter radar in Poker Flat (PFISR) by Nicolls et al, PMSE could at E3D be used as tracers in three-dimensional studies of wave interaction and dynamical turbulent structures with high spatial and temporal resolution.

12 Space and plasma physics Understanding of energy transfer and cross-scale interactions in the complex Sun-Earth system. Nowhere is the cross-scale coupling more clearly observable than in the aurora. E3D radar data will make it possible to make radar images of aurora on scales ranging from small scales (~200 m perpendicular to B) to meso-scales (100:s of km).

13 Outflow and inflow of matter in the Earth s atmosphere NASA/ESA Atmospheric loss through ion outflow. Earth is constantly bombarded by meteoric material and E3D will be the most advanced instrument on the planet to investigate it

14 Space weather and space debris E3D can give important contributions to, e.g. ESA Space Situational Awareness - SSA). Capacity of detecting faint radar targets gives E3D a potentially unique position, not only for space debris but also for studying potentially hazardous Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) and the energy transfer processes of meteoroid atmospheric entry. Swedish scientists have leading roles in studying meteors with high-power large-aperture radars and building services for space weather users.

15 Some recent space weather related activities ü ü ü ü ü ü Regional Warning Center Sweden (International Space Environment Service, ISES). Solar Magnetic Activity using e.g., SDO. Space data database - ODI. (ESA Contract). Solar storms and space weather (grant from Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency) Archive of the Space Weather Euro News (SWEN). Vispanet, COST, SPEE, IPICSS, SAAPS, GIC, ISAC,... ü Eurisgic and Progress (EU FP7 and H2020) Solar activity forecast, Space environment and effects, Space weather working team,...

16 Research and education Real experiments International contacts Research news Scientists and students meet Thesis work Graduate school of space technology Erasmus Mundus Space Master Education in space engineering

17 EISCAT_3D will be an important research infrastructure to enhance knowledge and awareness about our near environment Existing and new complementary instrument, e.g., ALIS and several other ground-based instruments and facilities such as Esrange