Fluidized Bed Pyrolysis and Gasification Ongoing Activities in Finland

Transcription

1 Fluidized Bed Pyrolysis and Gasification Ongoing Activities in Finland Mikko Hupa Åbo Akademi Turku, Finland Conversion Routes for es, DME iquid Fuels ignin ignin Upgrading iq. or H 2 1

2 Conversion Routes for es, DME iquid Fuels ignin ignin Upgrading iq. or H 2 Conversion Routes for es, DME iquid Fuels ignin ignin Upgrading iq. or H 2 2

3 Conversion Routes for es, DME iquid Fuels ignin ignin Upgrading iq. or H 2 Conversion Routes for es, DME iquid Fuels ignin ignin Upgrading iq. or H 2 3

4 Tilanne avoin Waste-to-Energy Projects under Planning in Finland. YVA-käsittelyssä YVA valmis, ei lupakäs. upakäsittelyssä uvasta valitettu ainvoimainen lupa A Oulu POTTOTEKNIIKKA: A Arina K Kaasutus eijupeti A? Tekn. avoin Kokkola A/ Pietarsaari Haapavesi Kajaani K Vaasa A/ Seinäjoki Kuopio A = Grate K = Gasification = FBC Jyväskylä? Jämsänkoski? Hämeenkyrö Pori Rauma Kauttua A A Turku Valkeakoski ahti K K Anjalankoski A Forssa Riihimäki Myllykoski A Kerava A Kotka ohja Kitee M. Kukkamäki/SYKE BIOMASS GASIFICATION - COA BOIER - AHTI PROJECT 300 GWh/a -15 % fuel input 350 MW 540 C/170 bar CO 2 Reduction - 10 % Processing 50 MW Pulverized coal flames Power * 600 GWh/a District Heat * 1000 GWh/a Gasifier Gas flame Bottom ash Coal Natural Gas 1050 GWh/a -50 % 650 GWh/a -35 % Fly ash Foster Wheeler 4

5 Waste Gasification & Gas Cleaning for Firing in Separate Boiler Fuel handling 2. FB gasifier 3. Gas cooling 4. Gas filter 5. Gas fired boiler 2. (Metso Power) Waste Gasification & Gas Cleaning for Firing in Separate Boiler The Court of Justice at EU decided 12/2008: Gas produced by waste gasification and gas cleaning is not a waste Waste incineration directive is not valid and simpler emission rules can be applied 5

6 Waste-to-Power: 160 MWth Input Grate Steam 40 bar/400 C Power efficiency 25 % Power output 40 MW FB Gasification + Gas Cleaning + Gas Boiler Steam 120 bar/540 C Power efficiency 36 % Power output 57 MW (Palonen et al. 2008) Waste Gasification & Gas Cleaning for Firing in Separate Boiler Fuel handling 2. FB gasifier 3. Gas cooling 4. Gas filter 5. Gas fired boiler 2. (Metso Power) 6

7 Ash Reactions in Gasification Systems Thermodynamic Modelling Composition and amount - gas - particles vs. bed conditions Trace element reactions in flue gas channel Gas T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn... Fuel 1 Fuel 2 Fuel 3 Particles As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn... Bed material SiO, Ca(OH) Bottom ash 2 2 Separation Scrubber T Fly ash To stack Air Slurry Distribution between gas and ash - model Gasification BFB02/10B, λ = 0.4 % of total element in gas % of total element in gas (Mn) Temperature [ C] ÅA/PCC/CMC/RB/2003 7

8 Distribution between gas and ash - model Gasification BFB02/10B, λ = 0.4 % of total element in gas Cd, Hg, Pb, Sb % of total element in gas (Mn) Temperature [ C] ÅA/PCC/CMC/RB/2003 Distribution between gas and ash - model Gasification BFB02/10B, λ = 0.4 % of total element in gas Cd, Hg, Pb, Sb % of total element in gas (Mn) Cr, Cu, Ni, Tl, V Temperature [ C] ÅA/PCC/CMC/RB/2003 8

9 Distribution between gas and ash - model Gasification BFB02/10B, λ = 0.4 % of total element in gas As Cd, Hg, Pb, Sb Zn Mn Co % of total element in gas (Mn) Cr, Cu, Ni, Tl, V Temperature [ C] ÅA/PCC/CMC/RB/2003 Melting Behavior of Fly Ashes Model Predictions for Refuse Derived Fuel Ash ZnCl PbCl NaCl KCl Na 2 CO Na 2 SO K 2 SO Sum

10 Conversion Routes for es, DME iquid Fuels ignin ignin Upgrading iq. or H 2 Conversion Routes for es, DME iquid Fuels ignin ignin Upgrading iq. or H 2 10

11 Biodiesel Production in Pulp Mill Paper & pulp Process steam & power power plant Pulp and paper mill Energy to drying Gasification and gas treatment fuel gas + steam Wood, straw energy crops, peat, RDF handling and drying bark, forest residues, other biomass steam & oxygen synthesis -gas FT-synthesis & upgrading (Source: VTT) WoodDiesel Stora Enso Neste BT Gasification Projet UCG R&D programme ong term demonstration in atmospheric conditions 2009 => Commercial scale MWth pressurized unit in operation 11

12 Gasifier for Biodiesel Demo by Stora Enso Neste in Varkaus, Finland Biodiesel Production in Pulp Mill Paper & pulp Process steam & power power plant Pulp and paper mill Energy to drying Gasification and gas treatment fuel gas + steam Wood, straw energy crops, peat, RDF handling and drying bark, forest residues, other biomass steam & oxygen synthesis -gas FT-synthesis & upgrading (Source: VTT) WoodDiesel 12

13 Pressurized Gasifier for Syngas Production (VTT) Conversion Routes for es, DME iquid Fuels ignin ignin Upgrading iq. or H 2 13

14 Conversion Routes for es, DME iquid Fuels ignin ignin Upgrading iq. or H 2 Catalytic Pyrolysis of in a Fluidized Bed Reactor at C CO, CO 2, H 2 2, HC Pyrolysis Upgrading Gases over Vapours Zeolites Condensation Bio oil Char 14

15 Catalytic Pyrolysis of in a Fluidized Bed Reactor at C CO, CO 2, H 2 2, HC Pyrolysis Upgrading Gases over Vapours Zeolites Condensation Bio oil Char A. Aho, N. Kumar, K. Eränen, T. Salmi, M. Hupa, D.Y. Murzin Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass in a fludized bed reactot: Influence of the acidity of h-beta zeolite, Process Safety and Environmental Protection Bio-oil: Organic Molecules and Water Cellulose decomposes into: Furans, cyclopentanones Open chain acids, aldehydes, ketones and alcohols ignin decomposes into - Alkyl, methoxy, carbonyl and hydroxy substituted phenols High oxygen content, acidic, corrosive upgrading needed H 3 C O OH acetic acid HO O hydroxyacetaldehyde HO C H 3 O 5-(hydroxymethyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde C H 3 O 3-methylcyclopent-2-en-1-one O O O HO CH 3 1-hydroxypropan-2-one HO 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde O 15

16 Dual-Fluidized Bed Reactor (Åbo Akademi) Dual Fluidized Bed Pyrolyser (Atte Aho, Åbo Akademi 2009) 16

17 Bio-oil Composition with various catalysts Catalysis results in... less oxygenated bio-oil more CO and water methoxy phenols transformed into methyl phenols coke formation on zeolite surfaces regeneration possible 17

18 Conversion Routes for es, DME iquid Fuels ignin ignin Upgrading iq. or H 2 Fluidized Bed Pyrolysis and Gasification Ongoing Activities in Finland Mikko Hupa Åbo Akademi Turku, Finland 18