CO 2 taxes and emission trading in Norway. Nordic seminar Tokyo 18. juni 2010 Frode Finsås Ministry of Finance, Norway

Transcription

1 CO 2 taxes and emission trading in Norway Nordic seminar Tokyo 18. juni 2010 Frode Finsås Ministry of Finance, Norway 1

2 Outline of the presentation 1. Climate instruments by source 2. The CO2-tax 3. The Emission Trading System 4. Fulfilment of Norway s Kyoto commitment 5. Some perspectives to Summing up 2

3 1. Climate instruments by source Agriculture 9 % Other 1 % Landbased industry 16 % Landbased industry(ets) 13 % Fishing& hunting 2 % Offshore 24 % Tax on landfills 3 % HFC/PFC-tax 1 % Heating 2 % Shipping and air transport 7 % Road transport 22 % ETS ETS and tax TAX Few measures 3

4 2.a The CO 2 tax Introduced in Norway in 1991 Levied on mineral oil products and on CO 2 emissions from petroleum activities in the North Sea Covers about 55 per cent of total Norwegian greenhouse gas emissions Objective: cost effective reduction of the greenhouse gas CO 2 The current tax rates varies across energy products and users 4

5 2.b CO 2 tax rates in Norway in 2010 Tax rates NOK per litre/ kg/sm 3 Tax rates NOK per tonne CO2 Euro per tonne CO2 Petrol 0, Aviation turbin karosine 0, Mineral oil Light oil/heavy oil Landbases use of gas for heating and transport (Naturalgas/LPG) Extraction of oil and gas in the North Sea Exemptions: foreign shipping and aviation, fishing, coal and coke, 0, / /23 0,43/0,65 218/ ,47 150/177/201 19/22/25 1)Emissions from oil and gas extraction are also included in the emissions trading system 5

6 2.C The CO 2 tax - Norwegian experiences Cost effective measure to reduce emissions Most significant effects of the CO2 tax on emissions in the offshore industry More moderate effects on emissions in other sectors Better to use the tax system to correct negative externalities like CO2 emissions than using distorting taxes (i.e. labor) Tax revenue to the government Low administrative costs Carbon intensities in different countries UK Japan Norway USA Euro area Sweden Tonnes CO2-eqvivalentes relative to GDP, per million US dollar prices. Source: OECD 0 6

7 3.a The emission trading system in Norway : Not linked to the European Union emission trading system (EU ETS) Same coverage as EU, but emission with CO2-tax was excluded from the ETS : Part of EU-ETS. Same coverage as EU, but emissions from the offshore sector are also covered by the CO2-tax Adaptation: no restrictions on auctioning Total share of free allowances: 30% (No free allowances to the offshore sector, 81% to mainland industries) 7

8 3.b Emission trading and CO2 taxes: Different pricing of CO 2 CO2 tax and EU-ETS Sectors in EU ETS Mineral oil, diesel Domestic aviation Offshore industry Petrol 2020 EU-ETS price Todays EU-ETS price 50,00 40,00 30,00 20,00 Euro per tonne CO Prosess industry fishery etc. 0, CO 2 -emissions. Mill. tonnes 10,00 8

9 3.C Norway s allocation in EU-ETS 2010 Estimated emission 22 Total allocation, CAP 15 Free allocation to land based industry CCP-reserve 0,8 Sale of allowances 6,3 7,9 Under-allocation (not import from EU) 7 Source: Norwegian National Allocation Plan for the emission trading system for

10 4. Fulfilment of Norway s Kyoto commitment A. Estimated emission ,3 - ETS-sector - Non-ETS B. Kyoto-units (AAU) 50, ,3 C. Under-allocation to EU-ETS (net import of EUA from EU) 7 D. Kyoto commitment after net import from EU 0,2 10 pct. over-fulfilment++ 5,3 Government need to buy quotas 5,5 1 Effects of forest management is not included 10

11 5.A Greenhous gas emissions and target. Mill. tonnes of CO 2 equivalents 80 Projections in White paper on climate change Emissions of GHGs 60 National measures 1 40 Emission credits Emission target in 2020: -30% (sum in Norway and abroad) Includes absorption of 3 million tonnes of CO2 by Norwegian forests. Source: Statistics Norway and Ministry of Finance 11

12 5. B New measures towards 2020 EU-ETS The EU-ETS will include more sectors from 2013, i.e. processing industry (aluminum, ferro allays etc.) The allocation rules in EU will be harmonized, and the share of free allowances will be reduced Norway will adapt the harmonized rules for landbased industries, but wants no free allowances to the offshore sector under certain conditions National emissions target: Probably high costs to reach the national target for 2020 ( Euro per ton CO 2?) Higher and more equal carbon prices in 2020? Measures will be examined in a new White Paper on Climate Policy (2011) 12

13 6- Summing up More than 70 percent of Norwegian climate gas emissions are covered by taxes and ETS The share of economic instrument will increase to almost 90 pct due to more emissions covered by the EU- ETS Significant effects on emissions in the offshore industry from the CO2 tax but also cost effective reduction in other sectors The ETS is important to fulfill Norway s Kyoto commitment due to a low cap and net import of EUAs Stronger measures (or higher carbon prices) are needed to reach Norway s 2020-targets 13