Introduction. The purpose of this multimedia project is to provide a bit of fun drug-related trivia

Transcription

1 Cindy Drake-Whitehead 1 Introduction The purpose of this multimedia project is to provide a bit of fun drug-related trivia information for those studying to sit for the pharmacy technician national certification exam. Understanding how a drug is given its generic and brand names is not required for the certification exam, but it does provide technicians with a bit of knowledge that will impress the pharmacist they work with or their fellow technicians. The rest of the website will contain standard information that every pharmacy technician and pharmacist should know, but I did want to provide technicians who use my website with a bit of extra knowledge that many other people do not share. Audience Any person studying to sit for the pharmacy technician national certification exam or who is already a pharmacy technician in the United States is the intended audience for this multimedia project. The beginning of the project does focus on globally named drugs, but the second half focuses solely on how the United States names brand name drugs. Because of this focus, the project is intended for pharmacy technicians located in this country, and The Journal of the American Pharmacists Association conducted a random survey of 3,200 pharmacy technicians located in the United States in 2005 (Desselle, 2005). The survey gathered extensive data on the demographics of technicians who sit for certification. The data show that pharmacy technicians are 88.4% female and 11.6% male. A large majority of technicians (79.9%) have no education beyond high school or the equivalent and gravitate to this career because it is one of a few medical fields that do not require a college degree. A small portion of test takers have achieved higher degrees, however; the degrees are broken into the following categories:

2 Cindy Drake-Whitehead 2 Associate s degree (15.0%), Bachelor s degree (13.9%), and other degrees or certificates (2.4%). Finally, this survey determined that the average certified technician is a 39-year-old, Caucasian female. Because this instructional program is fully online, learners will most likely have a learning style that supports independent learning. While the average pharmacy technician may be 39 years old, according to a study conducted in 2013, the average age for an online learner is only 33 years old (Aslanian & Dr. Clinefelter, 2013). The younger ages of online learners suggest that they have extensive experience on the web and expect that courses will incorporate audio, video, and interactive elearning tools. The students who take this course of instruction tend to be highly motivated; attaining certification often leads to a pay raise or entry into the higher-paying institutional sector of pharmacy. Software Used to Create Project I used Adobe Captivate 8 to create this project, and I specifically chose this software because it is a very powerful tool and I had yet to use this version. I have some experience with Adobe Captivate but had not used any version past Captivate 6 and wanted experience with the latest upgrade. I discovered that the newest version of Adobe Captivate 8 is much easier to use than Captivate 6; the design is -friendly, intuitive, but also very expensive. Fortunately, Adobe provides s with a 30-day free trial and downloading the software was easy ( The one downside to using the free trial is the automatic expiration date that is attached to each project one publishes. I will need to either buy a full version of the software or subscribe to Creative Cloud if I wish to preserve the project (

3 Cindy Drake-Whitehead 3 Project Creation Creating this project was a smooth process. Once I downloaded the trial version, I opened the software and acquainted myself with the new layout. I chose to start a new project and clicked File > New Project > Blank Project. Captivate 8 comes fully loaded with different types of slides to use, but I have a subscription to, an elearning design company, and used one of their professionally designed templates ( Once I downloaded the set of slides to be used in my project, the slides conveniently and automatically opened up in Captivate 8. Two slides populated the project; I chose the standard introduction slide and deleted the other one. To add the next slide, I clicked on Insert > New Slide From > and then chose an appropriate slide from the set. Once I began working on the project, I soon realized that I needed a character to liven up the slides, so I navigated back to and searched for an appropriate and fun character in medical garb ( I chose a character named Samantha and downloaded a set of her images with different poses and facial expressions (Samantha, n.d.). I also included two other small images in the project. The first one is a picture of generic Advil (Ibuprofen, n.d.) that I downloaded from the National Library of Medicine s website in their Pill Box section ( All images in the Pill Box section are not copyrighted and are free for public use. The second image is the very colorful and official logo (IUPAC logo, n.d.) for the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( To insert the images, I clicked on the media in the top ribbon and selected the image tab and uploaded each picture from my computer. I then dragged each picture

4 Cindy Drake-Whitehead 4 to the desired location and used the bounding box around the image to resize the picture to fit the design of the slide. I had determined previously that the project would require approximately 10 slides. The set of slides that I had downloaded contained a variety of designs, and I carefully chose a certain design for each slide. If I had a set of three points to make, I chose a slide that had three areas for writing content. To write the content, I simply clicked on the text icon in the top ribbon and then selected text box. Text boxes can be moved to any location on the slide and be stretched and reshaped to fit a certain design. I set the text to default caption style alternative inside the properties panel and used a variety of text colors to liven up the slides. Once all of the slides were chosen and populated with written content and a Samantha character, I began the process of recording my voice. I generally narrated what was written on each slide, but I occasionally added extra commentary. To record the audio, I hooked up a USB microphone to my laptop and attached a pop filter. The pop filter does a great job of filtering out the sound of air from a mouth when it hits the microphone and reduces the need for tedious edits. Once the microphone was recognized by the computer and Captivate 8, I began recording the introductory slide. I clicked on the big red microphone icon in the top ribbon of tools, and a pop-up box appeared for me to choose my preferred settings. Once ready, I clicked the round red record, and another pop-up box appeared and asked me to calibrate my microphone, which was a simple process. The calibration process began and I simply spoke a sentence into the microphone and moments later the process was complete. Finally, a counter appeared and counted down from 3, 2, 1 and then I began recording the first slide.

5 Cindy Drake-Whitehead 5 Because I had not recorded audio in a while, it did take me a few times to get comfortable. I rerecorded the first few slides multiple times before I felt that simple edits would fix my remaining mistakes. Sometimes I would say a sentence, not be pleased with it, pause for a moment and then say it again. That pause would later give me ample space to cut out parts of the audio that I did not like without needing to rerecord the whole narration. Once all narration had been recorded, 12 slides total, I used the editing controls to finalize the audio. The editing tools found in Captivate 8 are very similar to the editing tools found in most recording software, and I most often used the cut function and the add silence function. Adding silence was helpful if a cut produced words that were too close together. If someone prefers recording their narration in other software, such as Audacity, Captivate 8 has a convenient import audio function. The final steps of the process included adding navigation s and publishing the project. To add the navigation controls, I clicked on the interactions tab in the top ribbon and chose to create a. A properties panel on the right opened and allowed me to make design adjustments and choose the action that would occur upon clicking the. Once I designed the and placed it in the desired location, I copied and pasted it on each slide. The pasting feature places the in the exact location on each slide, keeping the slides consistent. Finally, the project was ready to be published. First I previewed the slide project to check for any errors I might have missed, then I clicked on Publish > Publish to Computer, chose the desired settings, and then clicked Publish again. The file was downloaded to the My Adobe Captivate Projects file that Adobe automatically creates when downloading the software. To make use of my project, I uploaded the SWF file onto my hosting company s server and into my website.

6 Cindy Drake-Whitehead 6 Conceptual Framework To plan the multimedia project for this task I needed to create a conceptual framework, but I first needed to familiarize myself with the storyboarding process. I have been a subscriber of Lynda.com for years and knew that I could find an appropriate course for my needs ( After a brief search, I began watching Instructional Design Essentials: Storyboarding (Brigham, 2014). There are many ways to create a conceptual framework, such as a flowchart or a diagram, but the storyboarding process fit my needs perfectly. After watching most of the videos and learning about a variety of ways to storyboard, I chose to follow the rapid prototyping method the author described (Brigham, 2014). Rapid prototyping involves creating a quick version of the text, graphics, animations, and narration before presenting the storyboard to the reviewer or client. It allows the reviewer to fully understand what the designer intends for the finished product. I included the final version of the storyboard for this project in Appendix A and submitted the file in PowerPoint format. To begin the rapid prototype, I downloaded the PowerPoint template the author provided for those that have a premium subscription (Visual Template, 2009). I liked the idea of creating the framework in PowerPoint because the finished product would also be in slide format, and I was able to determine what amount of information would fit on each slide right from the start. I originally thought that there would be a total of 10 slides, but I soon realized that the information on naming generic drugs would require multiple slides. They are the most difficult drugs to name because so many organizations and countries are involved. The storyboarding process helped me choose the most important information to include and helped me discard unnecessary information. But what I found most helpful about the process was how it helped me organize the

7 Cindy Drake-Whitehead 7 navigation of the project. I realized near the end of the storyboard that I provided no way for my s to return to previous slides, and I did not include a start over. My final slide also included a continue that went nowhere! Without this planning process, I would have created an inferior project with limited navigational abilities.

8 Cindy Drake-Whitehead 8 References Aslanian, C. B., & Dr. Clinefelter, D. L. (2013). Online college students 2013: Comprehensive data on demands and preferences. Louisville: The Learning House, Inc. Brigham, D. (April 30, 2014). [Instructional design essentials: Storyboarding]. Retrieved from Storyboarding/ html Brigham, D. (April 30, 2014). [Understanding rapid prototyping]. Retrieved from Desselle, S. P. (2005). Survey of certified pharmacy technicians in the United States: A quality-of-worklife study. Journal of the American Pharmacists' Association, 45(4), [Ibuprofen]. (n.d.). Retrieved from [IUPAC logo]. (n.d.) Retrieved from [Samantha]. (n.d.). Retrieved from [Visual template]. (June 28, 2009). Retrieved from

9 Cindy Drake-Whitehead 9 Appendix A Slide 1 Slide 2 How Drugs are Named Introduction 1 Using the character named Samantha from elearning Brothers. How Drugs are Named Each Drug has Three Names 2 Find image of brand name Advil or Motrin. Use of note pad graphic In this video, we are going to cover how drugs get their names. When you are ready to continue on to the next slide, just click the Continue in the lower right-hand corner. If you want more control over the slides, just use the control s in the lower lefthand corner. Now let s get started. Every approved drug has three names: the chemical name, the generic name, and the brand name. Which is also known as the proprietary name. For example, you have the chemical name p-isobutylhydratropic acid. Then you have the generic name which is ibuprofen and you have the brand name of that drug which is Motrin or Advil. Slide 3 Slide 4 How Drugs are Named Chemical Names 3 Using the character named Samantha from elearning Brothers. Find official logo for IUPAC How Drugs are Named Generic Names 4 No graphics chosen These names cannot be made up willy nilly; there is a strict naming process for each type of name. The chemical name is based on the compound s structure and follows the rules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. The generic name is where the real work comes in. The generic name is used globally, so it must comply with strict standards. In the U.S., a 5-member council, the United States Adopted Names Council (USAN Council), determines the generic name for a new drug. Slide 5 Slide 6 How Drugs are Named Steps to Generic Name Approval 5 Using the character named Samantha from elearning Brothers. How Drugs are Named Rules for Naming Generic Drugs 6 Use of note pad graphic These are the steps to getting a generic name approved. The drug company develops a drug and tests its safety and efficacy with multiple trials. While trials are still going on, the drug company submits, to the USAN Council, a generic name that they would like to use. The USAN Council will approve the drug name only if the suggested name follows strict naming rules. Once approved by the USAN Council, the name is then sent to a division of the World Health Organization (WHO) to make sure that there is no naming conflict with another drug and that the name is not offensive to another culture. There are strict rules for naming generic drugs. The council has a list of approved stems that allow therapeutically related drugs to have similar sounding names statins are one example. Names need to be simple to pronounce with only one way to say it with no more than four syllables The name must reflect the drug s primary characteristics without implying a cure or applying to a specific part of the anatomy.

10 Cindy Drake-Whitehead 10 Slide 7 Slide 8 How Drugs are Named More Rules for Naming Generic Drugs 7 No graphics chosen How Drugs are Named Naming Brand Name Drugs 8 Find a fun Samantha character to liven up the slide. Provide link to USAN Council website The drug names must be unique. Somewhere between 7,000 to 20,000 people die or are injured each year in the US because of drug name confusion. Generic drug names do not begin with the letters H, J, K or W. Those letters or sounds are either hard to pronounce or do not exist in some of the countries around the world. What about naming a brand name Drug? Is it as complicated as naming a generic drug? Slide 9 Slide 10 How Drugs are Named The Steps to Naming Brand Name Drugs 9 Using the character named Samantha from elearning Brothers. How Drugs are Named The FDA 10 Be sure to include a fun picture of Samantha on the left. These are the steps to getting a brand name drug approved. The drug company hires a branding agency to help develop a strong sounding name. Usually the name has letters like X, P, T, D, which can imply strength and speed. Authority over the name rests with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as well as the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The FDA searches for potential look-alike and sound-alike problems with drugs already on the market. The FDA also test runs the name in real-world situations with nurses, pharmacists, and doctors. If too many errors arise because of regional variations of pronunciation, the name will be refused. The FDA rejects about one-third of all proposed trade names. The FDA prohibits trade names associated with the drugs intended use or names that imply efficacy. The FDA will not approve a brand name that suggests what the drug does. Slide 11 Slide 12 How Drugs are Named The FDA continued 11 Using the character named Samantha from elearning Brothers. How Drugs are Named Final Thoughts 12 No graphics chosen Give this slide more decoration Add a Start Over too Do not have a continue on the last slide. Have a Previous and Start Over. So, the FDA will not approve a drug name that suggests what it does or is overly promising. Hmmm...What about Wellbutrin? it sounds like the drug will make you feel well. Celebrex sounds like it works and will have you celebrating. Some feel that these 2 drug names should never have been approved. Generic drug names approved by the World Health Organization are used all over the world. Brand names can differ from country to country. Each country has its own rules for naming drugs. Now you know more about naming drugs than most pharmacists and doctors!