CITIES DEMONSTRATING AUTOMATED ROAD PASSENGER TRANSPORT. R&D engineer, Inria

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1 NEWSLETTER CITIES DEMONSTRATING AUTOMATED ROAD PASSENGER TRANSPORT Nº2, December 2013 Editorial Interview with François Charlot, R&D engineer, Inria Almost 16 months into the project, it is good to see that the CityMobil2 activities are progressing well and that the project is on track. This issue of the newsle er focuses on the CityMobil2 ci es, par cularly the process they are undergoing to determine the most appropriate site(s) for a demonstra on of an automated transport system. This process and the subsequent city selection procedure are succinctly described in this newsle er too. In addi on to the city ac vi es, readers will also get an update on developments in other areas of the project, notably with regard to the legal framework and the selec on of the manufacturers to supply an automated transport system for the demonstrators. These positive developments mean that the first demonstra- on is not that far off; we expect to have the first one starting in Spring 2014 followed by the four other demonstrators over a period of two years. The five demonstrations are expected to provide detailed insights to the prac cali es, benefits and challenges of deploying these systems more widely. Patrick Mercier-Handisyde CityMobil2 Project Officer DG Research & Innova on European Commission Q: What role have you played within the CityMobil2 project? I was appointed by Inria to lead the City- Mobil2 ac vi es on Vehicle (and System) Technical Specifica ons. My role was to coordinate INRIA s exper se with the rest of the work package expert partners and ARTS (automated road transport system) manufacturers. I was also the technical lead in the audit of the ARTS manufacturers. Q: How the rules have been decided for the manufacturers selec on? The manufacturers selection is made on the basis of an interna onal call. Five manufacturers responded ini ally, all of which have previously par cipated in projects that have been a resounding success! Func onal requirements were defined at the project level by CityMobil2 partners CTL, GEA and Inria. Technical requirements are based primarily on the results and experience of previous projects and the current state of R & D in various fields. This list was developed in collabora on with manufacturers and some project partners. Q: How were the contents of these requirements defined? Given the level of details of the requirements established by Inria, we decided to classify them according to three levels: Mandatory requirements: mainly related to the safety of passengers and outsiders, they are qualifying criteria; The recommended requirements: these are secondary requirements which reflect the Quality of Service of the vehicles proposed by the manufacturers; Op onal requirements: give freedom to manufacturers to customise their solu ons and allow them a free rein to innovate. Q: How have the manufacturers been selected? The manufacturers must meet all the mandatory criteria. A ra ng system was established to assign a score to each requirement and each manufacturer is awarded a score based on their responses to the various requirements requested. The selec on was then validated by a technical and financial audit. Q: Can you say a few words about the technical audit? This was undertaken to ensure that all the mandatory requirements rela ng to safety could be respected in reality. Specifically, the audit was undertaken either in a prac cal, tangible way by means of a ba ery of tests imposed by Irnia, as coordinator of the manufacturers selec on procedure, or by ensuring that the manufacturer possessed the technical and human resources and experience necessary to do so. For the CityMobil2 vehicles not yet built today, technical audits were conducted on exis ng vehicles from the two selected manufacturers: the INDUCT s Navia vehicle and Roboso s VolcanBul vehicle. Q: Is this procedure completed today? The first phase was completed with the selec on of the two manufacturers. But several steps have been defined to progressively validate the pla orms that will be used in the demonstra ons and showcases of CityMobil2. At each milestone, a range of technical tests will be carried out on the road with the built pla orms and un l the valida on of all requirements. This should be completed in early Q: Is this a generic procedure? The CityMobil2 manufacturers selec on procedure and requirements will be the basis of the cer fica on process implemented in the project s legal framework ac vi es in which Inria has been ac vely involved since the beginning of the project. 1

2 City study methodology and city selec on procedure THE CITYMOBIL2 PROJECT FEATURES 12 CITIES MILAN, REGGIO CALABRIA AND ORISTANO IN ITALY, TRIKALA IN GREECE, BRUSSELS IN BELGIUM, LEON AND SAN SEBASTIAN IN SPAIN, SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS AND LA RO CHELLE IN FRANCE, SAINT SULPICE AND THE CERN CAMPUS IN SWIT ZERLAND, VANTAA IN FINLAND, WHICH ARE INVESTIGATING WHERE AN AUTOMATED ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEM COULD BE MOST EFFEC TIVELY DEPLOYED. CITYMOBIL2 WILL SELECT THE BEST 5 CASES AMONG THE 12 CITIES TO RUN AN AUTO MATED ROAD TRANSPORT SYSTEM DEMONSTRATOR. Each of the 12 partner ci es is conduc ng a local study on the implementation of an innovative automated road transport system on the basis of a city study methodology provided by CTL, the CityMobil2 coordinator. Based on this study, each city is providing a proposal to host an automated road transport system demonstrator. Two sets of automated road transport systems will be made available by the project (following the selec on of two project partners as manufacturers, Induct and Roboso, in July 2013) and will be delivered to the five (or maybe more) selected ci es, whose demonstra on will be undertaken for a period of 6 to 8 months each. The city demonstra on selec on process should be completed at the end of January The city proposals will be evaluated and ranked and the best ranked ci es will then be selected to implement the demonstrators in the second phase of the project (starting in March 2014). Each city defined a desired calendar of the demonstra- on according to its local planning, constraints and ming of other local ac vi es; the Project will try to accommodate as many demonstrators as it can in its given meframe. THE CITY STUDY METHODOLOGY IS MADE OF THE FOLLOWING EIGHT STEPS: DIAGNOSIS, DEFINITION OF THE OBJECTIVES AND IMPACTS, INTRA CITY SITE SELECTION, INITIAL EVALUATION, DESIGN, EX ANTE EVALUATION, CITY SELECTION, IMPLEMENTATION AND EX POST EVALUATION. The first three steps were aimed at finding the site within the city for the city study and to host the demonstrator in case of selec on. The fourth step, initial evaluation, involves the selec on of a set of indicators as a common basis for the cross-city comparison and city selec on. The Design phase requires: an es ma on of the demand to be served by the system; the system to be dimensioned and correctly integrated in the exis ng urban environment; an awareness campaign to be designed; and, the costs of the demonstra on to be quan fied. In the ex-ante evalua on the data related to the indicators selected in the ini- al evalua on are collected by each city, then evaluated, and compared with each indicator s reference cases and thresholds for success (previously established). The seventh step, City selec on, is the selec on procedure itself. Ten criteria (3 mandatory and 7 non-mandatory) will be adopted to rank demonstrator proposals, regarding legal, technical, fi nancial, management (including communica on and awareness raising) and governance aspects of the city. However, not all the criteria can be quan ta vely measurable (e.g. stakeholder involvement, interest groups reac ons, etc); therefore besides providing a measure for all the 10 criteria, ci es are requested to provide a prac cal feasibility analysis to check whether the designed system is ready to be put in place in a demonstra on. Audit visits to the best-ranked cities are planned before awarding the demonstrator to check that all the prac cal criteria are respected. The last step, implementa on and ex-post evalua on, will be made a er the city selec on process and will be directly related to the demonstrators that will be hosted. 2

3 Vehicle manufacturers CITYMOBIL2 S INNOVATIONS APPLY NOT ONLY TO TRANSPORTATION TECH NOLOGY. IN ORDER TO SELECT THE MANUFACTURERS THAT WOULD SUP PLY THE AUTOMATED ROAD TRANS PORT SYSTEMS ARTS FOR THE CITY DEMONSTRATIONS, THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTED A COMPETITIVE SE LECTION PROCEDURE BETWEEN THE 5 INDUSTRIAL PARTNERS OF THE PRO JECT THAT MANUFACTURE ARTS. The process started with the defini on of the ARTS requirements in the first seven months of the project. This process was led by the project s scien fic experts on automa on, road safety, transport planning and urban integra on, but all five manufacturers were involved, to provide feedback on their real-life experience. Once the requirements were completed, And the winner is the manufacturers were each invited to provide a technical and financial proposal to supply a fleet of vehicles and their opera onal support systems (communica- ons, fleet supervision and management systems, infrastructural support, etc). The proposals were evaluated and ranked by the project s experts, followed by an audit of the two top ranked manufacturers. Besides the fulfilment of the requirements, other elements that were evaluated were the manufacturer s real-life experience on the deployment of ARTS, their financial solidity and their ability to build the systems within the schedule and budget of the project. The final decision was taken by the project, together with the European Commission s project officer and appointed independent external reviewers. THE EVALUATION PROCESS RESULTED IN THE SELECTION OF THE ROBOSOFT AND INDUCT PROPOSALS. ROBOSOFT IS SUPPLYING A FLEET OF AUTOMATED ELECTRIC MINIBUS TYPE VEHICLES, WHEREAS INDUCT IS PROPOSING A FLEET OF NAVIA SHUTTLES. SINCE BOTH PROPOSALS INCLUDED THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEV ERAL NEW COMPONENTS, THE CITYMOBIL2 S MANAGEMENT BODY AGREED ON SEVERAL INTERMEDIATE MILESTONES WITH THE MANUFACTURERS AND THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, VARYING ACCORDING TO THE MANUFACTURER, TO CHECK THE DEVELOP MENT AND MANUFACTURING PROGRESSES AND TO LIMIT RISKS. BOTH MANUFACTURERS ARE NOW PREPARING THE TWO FLEETS, WHICH SHOULD BE READY FOR DEPLOYMENT IN SELECTED PART NER CITIES AND SITES, FROM THE SPRING OF 2014, UNTIL THE END OF THE PROJECT IN AUGUST FURTHERMORE, ROBOSOFT AND INDUCT ARE WORKING TOGETHER TO MAKE THEIR FLEET INTEROPERABLE IE, CAPABLE OF JOINTLY OPERATING ON THE SAME SITE AND AN INTEROPERABILITY DEM ONSTRATION IS EXPECTED TO TAKE PLACE DURING THE PROJECT. BOTH MANUFACTURERS ARE ALSO CONTRIBUTING TO THE ARTS LEGAL FRAMEWORK ACTIVITIES OF THE PROJECT. Legal FRAMEWORK WITHIN THE LEGAL FRAME WORK ACTIVITIES, THE FIRST TASK INVOLVED GATHERING AND SUMMARISING PAST EXPERIENCES AND LESSONS LEARNED. THE EXERCISE WAS COMPLETED BY INRIA WITH THE ACTIVE COLLABORATION OF ERTICO AND A FORMAL REPORT HAS BEEN FINALISED AND SUBMITTED. ONE OF THE MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS OF THIS TASK WAS THE IDENTIFI CATION OF AVAILABLE STAND ARDS AND LESSONS LEARNED WHICH WAS USED AS AN AD DITIONAL BUILDING BLOCK FOR THE SUBSEQUENT TASK. This second task was aimed at interviewing the CityMobil2 par cipa ng ci es to iden fy their legal concerns and to map out the available legal framework in the par cipa ng countries. In this context the work did not only focus on the local level but also mapped out the interna onal and European context as well. An analysis of the two relevant interna onal frameworks, the Geneva and the Vienna Conven ons, and a mapping out of the different European Directives of potential relevance for CityMobil2, were carried out through a literature study approach. It was important to see how these legal tools are implemented in the different countries and whether the local framework provides some flexibility to move forward with the demonstration without the need for me-consuming legal authorisa on processes. This document is currently under internal review. A third task has also started; it aims at providing a certification framework proposal which can be used in every country in Europe to simplify the authorisa on phase for the deployment of automated road vehicles. The current status of this task is very preliminary. 3

4 The CityMobil2 city ac vi es The CityMobil2 city candidates West Lausanne region THE COMMUNE OF ST SULPICE IS ONE OF THE NINE CITIES MAKING UP THE WEST LAUSANNE REGION WHICH IS HOME TO INHABITANTS AND JOBS Milan (IT); 2. Oristano (IT); 3. Reggio Calabria (IT); 4. La Rochelle (FR); 5. Vantaa (FIN); 6. León (ES); 7. West Lausanne region (CH); 8. Trikala (EL); 9. Brussels- Capital Region (BE); 10. Sophia An polis (FR); 11. CERN sites (CH); 12. San Sebas án (ES). Situated in the metropolitan area of the Lake of Geneva, West Lausanne region is an important economic centre experiencing a significant demographic growth with considerable consequences on the development of its infrastructure (housing, transport, etc). Its popula on is expected to double by To face these interconnected problems, the nine Municipali es have agreed upon a region-wide Master Plan (SDOL Schéma Directeur de l Ouest Lausannois) with six development sites. 4

5 Following an analysis of all the poten al demonstra on sites offered by the various development projects, it has been concluded that only the Hautes Ecoles campus and lake shores can be considered for a poten al demonstra on due to the ming of the CityMobil2 demonstra ons ( ). Nonetheless, the system may well be developed on other sites in the future. The site of the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) has been specifically chosen to host a poten al demonstra on thanks to its strong poli cal support. Furthermore, EPFL bought an automated vehicle in 2012 to use as a lab-car. The main developments at the site have taken place in the south part of the campus, away from the main metro service. In this sense, the demonstra on route was designed to reach most of the furthest site on campus and to stop near the main facili es (a learning centre, the hotel and an innova on park). Furthermore, it allows a new link between the municipality of Saint-Sulpice and the metro located to the north of the campus. CASA THE URBAN COMMUNITY OF SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS CASA, LOCATED ON FRANCE S MEDITERRANEAN COAST BETWEEN NICE AND CANNES, IS HOME TO INHABITANTS AND COVERS AN AREA OF ABOUT 270 KM². The service will operate during the opening days of the polytechnic, ie, from Monday to Friday. During some weekends s ll to be defined, the vehicles will be taken to the Saint-Sulpice municipality to perform showcases similar to the one which already took place in October 2013 with the Navia shu le owned by EPFL. León LEÓN IS A MEDIUM SIZED CITY OF INHAB ITANTS AND IS ALSO THE COUNTY TOWN OF THE PROVINCE OF LEÓN IN THE AUTONOMOUS COMMU NITY OF CASTILLA AND LEÓN IN NORTHWEST SPAIN. The science and technology park of Sophia An polis is located in CASA and spreads over the administra ve areas of 5 councils. The cluster provides accommoda on for inhabitants, workers, students and researchers. To counter the high share of private car in the daily commu ng modal share, which is causing peak hour conges on in and around the technopole, CASA s 2008 urban transport plan set itself the aim of providing alterna ves to the use of the private car by promo ng public transport and so modes. Part of the public transport improvements will involve the implementa on of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) between An bes railway sta on and Sophia-An polis. The implementa on of an automated road transport system as a feeder service could address the last mile. Saint-Philippe, the new central area of Sophia An polis, and the Trois-Moulins sectors have been chosen as the site for a poten al automated transport system demonstra on due to: well understood trip pa erns, high a rac veness in terms of visibility, extremely strong poten al partners and a public accustomed to pioneering new solu ons. These two sectors present a great diversity of func ons and have experienced the most developments within the Sophia An polis technopole in the past five years. Three poten al sites were considered for the demonstra on of an automated transport system: León university; Bernesga riverside; and, the city centre. A rigorous methodology was developed and applied to select one site, which will be the official León candidate for the CityMobil2 demonstra on. A range of criteria has been used for the selec on process including accessibility, user proximity, poten al growth capability, impact on other modes, among others. The site selected is León university, where the proposed automated transport i nerary will link the university with the FEVE railway sta on. The line will be just under 750m each way and is expected to serve around 200 users per day. The proposal adopted for the poten al demonstra on is composed of a segregated sec on of metres (on the BRT pla orm) and a mixed sec on of metres finishing in a dead-end, all of which offer significant technical interest that could contribute to the cer fica on of automated vehicles. The chosen route can sa sfy several types of passenger demand and addresses various challenges for an automated transport system. Service provision has been dimensioned in order to fit closely with the expected demand and to minimise the wai ng me of users. The vehicles would operate between 7h and 20h, with 6 vehicles during peak hours and 4 vehicles off-peak. Regarding the legal, financial and technical aspects of the demonstra on, the legal authorisa on would be given by the mayors of Biot and An bes, the project financing would be under CASA s responsibility and the proposed demonstra on would take advantage of a large part of the BRT infrastructure. 5

6 Vantaa THE CITY OF VANTAA IS LOCATED IN THE HELSINKI METROPOLITAN AREA. IT IS HOME TO HELSINKI VANTAA AIRPORT, INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AC TIVITIES AND MORE THAN INHABITANTS. automated vehicles were iden fied for the demonstra on within CityMobil2: a commercial area in Beaulieu; a low-carbon technological park in Lagord; and the city centre. The only route now considered, taking the me frame of the demonstra on into account, is op on 3, the city centre route. An automated transport system is perceived as providing the missing link for mobility in the city, bringing together the train, e-boats, bikes and e-car-sharing. In addi on, in the part of the route close to restaurants and shopkeepers, the use of an automated vehicle for urban goods deliveries - from early morning to noon - will be considered. Trikala TRIKALA IS A MEDIUM SIZED PROVINCIAL CITY IN THE MIDDLE OF GREECE WITH A POPULATION OF ABOUT , RISING TO APPROXIMATELY IF THE SUBURBS AND NEARBY VILLAGES ARE INCLUDED. Its excellent logis cal loca on in the Helsinki region makes it ripe for development and growth. The City of Vantaa wants to develop a sustainable city where mobility plays a vital role. The largest on-going project to improve mobility in the Helsinki region is the Ring Rail Line project. This 18-km line, due to be completed in 2015, will provide an important public transport link between the main line and the local urban line and will connect the Helsinki- Vantaa Airport to the rail network. A feeder service is required to connect the new sta ons with the wider areas and for general internal traffic purposes. Vantaa wants to study the possibility to use automated vehicles as a part of public transport. The City of Vantaa has proposed a three month demonstra on to be arranged in a new residen al area called Kivistö. The service will connect the Kivistö housing area to the brand new Ring Rail Line railway sta on. The opening of the Ring Rail Line in July 2015 will coincide with opening of the demonstra on and the Housing Fair the biggest annual event in Finland, expected to draw more than visitors. Should Vantaa be selected for a demonstra on, the Housing Fair in Kivistö area would provide an ideal opportunity to inaugurate the demonstrator. La Rochelle LA ROCHELLE IS A MEDIUM SIZED CITY INHABITANTS IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA LO CATED ON THE WEST COAST OF FRANCE IN THE POITOU CHARENTES REGION. The city has par cipated in a wide range of European transport projects which have together paved the way for a demonstra- on of automated transport systems. Three poten al sites for The mo va on for the proposal for a CityMobil2 demonstra- on in Trikala can be found in the transport plan for the city. A wide range of objec ves, such as reducing conges on and improving the city centre environment, ensuring accessibility for ci zens in general and specifically the elderly popula on and preserving the historical centre of the city, are all supported by the demonstra on. In Trikala, the proposed demonstra on of an automated system is in the centre of the city, linking the old city s historical city centre with the central business district. The central business district includes, besides commercial and administra ve ac vi es, a high capacity underground car park and the urban bus terminal, home to 30 bus lines. The proposed route is 850 meters each way and will have six stops. It will run five days a week (Tuesday to Saturday) and reach two main transport interchanges: the urban bus terminal and an underground parking lot. 6

7 Oristano THE MUNICIPALITY OF ORISTANO LIES ON THE WEST ERN COAST OF SARDINIA. IT HAS A SURFACE OF CA. 85 SQ. KM AND A SLOWLY GROWING POPULATION WHICH NOW CONSISTS OF INHABITANTS. Eleven possible routes for a poten al CityMobil2 demonstra- on were considered, before being cut down to three. These three routes are: from Oristano to the village of Silì (2.4 km); through the medieval historical centre (1.5 km); and, along the seafront promenade of the seaside village of Torregrande and to the tourist port (3 km). The selected route is the third one, along the seafront promenade. This route will be 1.3 km-long each way, with seven stops. Poten ally the route can be extended to the tourist port by adding 1.7 km of route and 4 stops each way. Different service structures are being considered: either four vehicles that travel on the promenade and one on the harbour road, or 5 vehicles that travel on the promenade of which two will con nue to the harbour. The frequency should ideally be of one vehicle every 5 minutes on the promenade and every 10 minutes on the harbour road. Due to lack of space and a high number of pedestrians and ac vi es along the promenade, the automated vehicle can only operate there at speeds not higher than 25 km per hour, whereas the speed can be up to 40 km per hour on the harbour road. San Sebas án THE CITY OF SAN SEBASTIÁN IS A COMPACT COASTAL CITY WITH INHABITANTS, LOCATED IN A METROPOLITAN AREA OF INHABITANTS ON SPAIN S ATLANTIC COAST. Local authori es are considering three op ons for a CityMobil2 demonstration, all of which are connected to the Miramon District San Sebas an Technology Park. The three op ons are: Miramon Paseo Mikeletegi (the west loop of the Technology Park); Miramon - Ikusi (east loop of the Technology Park); and, Anoeta Miramon (from the Anoeta district to the Technology Park). Whereas the first two op ons are considered as loops, the third op on is more a shu le service going from one point to another. Depending on the op on, the average length of the trip will be between 600 and 1000 meters. Between 500 and 1100 trips are es mated to be made by the new transport system every day. CERN THE EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RE SEARCH CERN IS A RESEARCH CAMPUS BASED IN THE NORTHWEST PERIPHERY OF THE SWISS CITY OF GENEVA. About persons work on the site every day, giving it similar characteris cs to an urban en ty. CERN is located in a peripheral area with only few a connec ons to the city of Geneva as most of the people working on campus live across the border in France. The campus has two main sites, but only one, the Meyrin site, counts as a typical urban area due to the presence of various services (post office, bank, hotel, etc). Transport to and within the CERN campus is dominated by individual motorised road transport as road access is good and the campus is directly connected to the primary road network. Public transport access is good between Geneva and the Meyrin site but almost non-existent from and to the adjacent French territory. The Meyrin site offers the best opportunity for a large-scale demonstra on of an automated transport systems as it hosts about CERN users and has many urban facili es. Within the chosen site (Meyrin), two routes have been considered for a large-scale demonstra on. The decision has been made to ensure a meaningful track with good visibility and a combina on of trip purposes: last-mile from and to the tram sta on, building-to-building trips, loca- on of services and restaurants etc. The round-trip length of the most promising road is about meters with 8 stops (5 sta ons) and connects the 2 main service buildings on site in a mixed-use se ng. It is passing by and stopping at the main facili es of the Meyrin site including the recep on, the main building hos ng the key CERN services, three hotels and a restaurant. The track presents a strategic opportunity to face the technological challenge of shared space with traffic. Milan MILAN IS THE SECOND LARGEST CITY IN ITALY AND THE CAPITAL CITY OF THE LOMBARDY REGION. The city has a popula on of about 1.3 million (reaching 2 million during working hours). As part of CityMobil2, Milan has set up three different scenarios for a poten al demonstra on of an automated transport systems. The first scenario is in the Adriano neighborhood. It is a 2.75 km-long route that connects the north-east terminus of the metro line 7 with Cascina Gobba sta on of underground metro line 2. The second scenario connects the via Novara interchange parking lot (1700 parking spaces) with the future west terminus of the metro line 5. The route will be 3.7 km long. The third scenario is within the 2015 Universal Exhibi on in the suburb of Mila, in the Cascina Merlata area of the site. The proposed route is 1.5 km long and will link the Expo Village (where the Expo delegates will stay) and the coach stop to the South Gate of the Expo 2015 site. An automated transport system would provide a shu le service between these points. It is very likely that this third scenario will be the focus of the Milan applica on for a CityMobil2 demonstra on. 7

8 CityMobil2 partners Relevant EVENTS Demonstra on site candidates and local partners INTERMODES - Towards a mobile and sustainable Europe, Brussels Belgium, 6 February 2014, h p:// com 5th Transport Research Arena TRA2014, April 2014, Paris France h p://tra2014. sciencesconf.org/ 18th European Conference on Mobility Management ECOMM 2014, 7-9 May 2014, Florence Italy, h p:// eu/ mobil.tum 2014 Conference, Sustainable Mobility in Metropolitan Regions, Münich Germany, May 2014, h p:// ON EARTH Interna onal Transport Forum 2014 Annual Summit, Leipzig Germany, May 2014, h p://2014.interna- onaltranspor orum.org/ 10th European ITS Congress ITS in your pocket - proven solu ons driving user services, June 2014, Helsinki Finland, h p:// com/its10/ Automated transport system suppliers mobility solutions 18th Interna onal Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automo ve Applica ons (AMAA 2014) Smart Systems for Safe, Clean, and Automated Vehicles, June 2014, Berlin Germany, h p:// For further informa on: or citymobil2@ctl.uniroma1.it CityMobil2 coordinator Adriano Alessandrini CTL - Centro di ricerca per il Trasporto e la Logis ca Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza Via Eudossiana, 18 I Roma The sole responsibility for the content of this newsle er lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the informa on contained therein. 8