Benjamin BOILLOT. Research Engineer

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Irene Chapman
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1 Benjamin BOILLOT Research Engineer 1

2 Contents PV MARKET French context : Government policy and strategy Market and incentives BIPV policy THERMAL SOLAR MARKET 2

3 French solar irradiation 3

4 Changing era : title of a well attended Conference and Exhibition on energy efficiency and renewables, Paris, November 2008 Today s electricity production in France: Nuclear 80 % Hydroelectricity 15 % Other 5 % 93 GW peak power demand in January 2010 Going from centralized to decentralized Everybody can be an actor of CO2-free energy production CEA changed its name : alternative energies added 4

Hydroelectricity 15 % Other 5 % 93 GW peak power demand in January 2010 Going from centralized to

5 French energy policy context : decisions favourable to RES Energy framework Law (2005) and Grenelle of Environment law (2009) Renewables will contribute to energy mix ADEME Agency is in charge of implementing government policy Regional and departmental Councils are active in promotion and development National objectives : MW of PV installed by 2020 (1 % of consumption) 120 million m² potential area of public sector buildings to be equipped with PV 5

Regional and departmental Councils are active in promotion and development National objectives : 5 400 MW of PV

6 Government strategy for photovoltaics focus upon building applications make PV a common place construction element of every building in the long term In relation to positive energy building concept allow deployment through stimulation measures purchase tariffs and tax credits 6

building in the long term In relation to positive energy building

7 The French market : 3 to 400 MW grid-connected so far A very difficult context until 2006, A take-off in 2008, 269 MW 25 MW 69 MW 1000 MW expected in 2010 More than 2000 MW in applications 7

8 Evolution of type of applications % 80% Grid-connected Off-grid Source ADEME, IEA PVPS, AC 60% 40% 20% 0% Percentages of grid-connected and off-grid PV power in France 8

40% 20% 0% 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

9 Feed-in tariffs to promote PV applications (1/2) Table 1 Photovoltaic purchase tariffs (continental France) Application category BASE: Any application (including ground-based PV plants) Feed-in tariff (EUR/kWh) 0,276 South of France 0,331 North of France BIPV Simplified integration 0,370 BIPV existing large area industrial/agricultural buildings BIPV private dwellings P < 3 kw P > 3 kw, homes, schools, hospitals 0,440 0,580 0,510 Price of electricity for ordinary dweller in France: 0,13 EUR/kWh (with VAT) 9

France BIPV Simplified integration 0,370 BIPV existing large area industrial/agricultural buildings BIPV private dwellings P < 3

10 Feed-in tariffs to promote PV applications (2/2) contract established for 20 years by ERDF. Tariff adjusted annually for inflation from tariffs for new projects will decrease 10 % per year financed through CSPE. A financial contribution paid by electricity consumers and collected by EDF 0,45 eurocent per kwh consumed 10

Tariff adjusted annually for inflation from 2012-01-01 tariffs for new projects

11 Tax credits to promote residential PV < 3 kw Private income tax payers are untitled to tax credit and feed-in tariffs 25 % of equipment cost tax deductible (installation labour costs not taken into account) (max EUR for a couple) Low VAT on equipment: 5,5 % (instead of 19,6 %) No VAT and no income tax on PV electricity sales by private PV owner (< 3 kw) Some Regional councils may add other type of support NOTE - For enterprises there is an accelerated depreciation of investment 11

on equipment: 5,5 % (instead of 19,6 %) No VAT and no income tax on PV electricity sales by private PV owner (< 3 kw) Some

12 Impact of market stimulation measures on annual installation volume (MW per year) Introduction base PV tariff + tax credit 40 % + tax credit 50 % + BIPV BIPV fully applies Source: ADEME, AC 12

50 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Introduction base PV tariff + tax

13 Impact of market stimulation measures in file d'attente de raccordement (MW) installations raccordées (MW) Décembre mars juin septembre 2010 Source: ADEME, AC 13

2536 3131 2812 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 197 271 422 614 0 31

14 The breakdown per size Most installations < 3kW (tax credits) Few large power plants > 3MW Nombre Puissance kw 14

30000 20000 17528 10000 402 3775 1930 2256 870 340 17 31 18 5 2 3 1 0

15 The breakdown per size Most installations < 3kW (tax credits) Few large power plants > 3MW 15

16 A regional breakdown 16

17 Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) a BIPV module is a construction element which produces electricity and carries out another function a BIPV element will become cheaper than a standard PV module on top of existing roof innovation is on-going to develop new products: 80 BIPV products available on French market 55 products are, so far, assessed suitable for use in building by CSTB (see below) 17

module on top of existing roof innovation is on-going to develop new products: 80 BIPV products

18 BIPV or not BIPV? That s the question Newly formed CEIAB Committee (MEEDDM, ADEME, CSTB) Committee for the assessment of access to BIPV tariffs List of products available: 18

19 BIPV or BIPV Simplified? BIPV Simplified : 36 ct /KWh BIPV : 44 To 58 ct /kwh 19

20 BIPV tariff applies Tenesol, Toulouse 20

21 BIPV tariff applies 21

22 BIPV simplified tariff applies Enclosed structure PV System on a sport centre in Challes-les-Eaux (Savoie Department) 203 kw (Courtesy: Edisun Power) 22

23 Same approach for solar thermal and PV 23

24 PV in the built environment triggers creativity Base tariff applies Parking lot of a shopping centre: 1,15 MW, Saint-Aunès (concept Sunvie.eu) 24

25 Positive effects of Government policy Since 2006, in addition to historical actors new operators are emerging From 3 to 10 PV module manufacturers From 10 to 150 PV companies Jobs increased to (+ 80 %/ 2008) Utilities EDF ENR, Poweo, Solaire Direct, Juwi, Séchilienne Sidec, etc. are operating large warehouse roofs and ground-based PV plants 60 MW of ground based PV plant so far 4,2 MW: Solaire Direct Source: ADEME national survey report for IEA PVPS 25

26 Actors of photovoltaics in France (1/2) Institutional Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable development and the Sea (MEEDDM) ADEME Agency, ANR Agency, OSEO Agency Regional councils and Departmental councils (local authorities) Industry Manufacturers of PV materials, PV components, PV systems, equipments Developers, implementers, installers, roofers, utilities, Professional associations Research and technological development Certification bodies and testing labs Training centres 26

27 The French industrial companies involved in PV : 8500 jobs, 150 enterprises, 5000 installers : Silicon Ingots Wafers Cells Modules Systems Installation Photowatt Ferropem Vesuvius ECM FEE Solems PV Alliance Apex BP Solar Cyberstar Adixen Carbonne Lorraine Air Liquide : 50% Emix Some are big players worldwide Arkema : 30% Total GDF Suez EDF Tenesol Solaire Direct Sillia Energie Soprema Sun Land 21 Clipsol Solarezo Urbasolar First Solar Sunnco Fontroche St Gobain : 30% Schneider 27

28 Quality Policy CSTB Technical Assessment Certificate for PV elements QualiPV label for PV installers Consuel safety conformity control Useful references:

29 Partners of quality policy for PV applications in buildings ADEME implements the government Environment policy in energy efficiency and Renewables including Photovoltaics CSTB brings its know-how in quality assessment to assist the construction sector CERTISOLIS (CSTB, LNE) and BV-LCIE test and certify PV modules and components INES (Institute for solar energy) performs component testing and R&D professional associations SER/SOLER, Quali PV, etc. are partners of quality policy 29

30 CSTB s Technical Assessment (ATec) and Pass Innovation Technical assessment (ATec) and Pass innovation (initial short term evaluation before proper ATec) assess suitability of PV modules for use in buildings voluntary procedure. Validity is time limited these certificates give confidence to building sector, users and insurance companies (in relation to decennial guarantee) 8 PV ATec and 47 PV Pass Innovation issued (as of September 2010) Some products are developed in partnership with Chinese PV cells/laminates (Suntech, Trina, Yingli, ) List available: 30

31 QUALI PV Label QUALI PV: quality label for PV installers A branch initiative, provided by SER professional Association Qualiphoton platform for training technicians Commitment of installers to respect the 10-point Charter More than installation companies have received the label (as of March 2010) 31

32 Conclusion on PV Political support essential to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy sources Government policy has: - Created a dynamic market; - Structured industrial and professional offerings; - Created skilled jobs. The recent readjustments of tariffs and tax measures could create a crisis of investor confidence BIPV applications Make PV modules a standard construction element Contribute to higher environmental quality buildings Stimulate innovation in PV industry and building sector CSTB s PV Technical Assessment Certificate (ATec) is recommended to reach building sector and give confidence to insurance companies Quality of components, PV systems and installation a prerequisite to sustainable and successful business. 32

33 Thermal Solar in Europe AT BE BG CH Surface de capteurs installés annuellement (m²) CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GR HU IE IT LT LU LV MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK UK

34 French Thermal Solar Market CESI SSC Collectif Surface de capteurs (m²) Collector area (kw)

35 French Thermal Solar Market Market Increase : x 4 between 2000 and 2008 x 2 between 2005 and 2008 But Decrease in France and Germany in 2009 PV Market? International Crisis? In 2010 in France, it s not good 35

36 French Thermal Solar Market Perspectives Marché annuel (Million de m²) Collectif Individuel

37 Thank you for your attention 37

ERMInE Database. Presentation by Nils Flatabø SINTEF Energy Research. ERMInE Workshop 2 - Northern Europe Oslo, 1. November 2006

ERMInE Database. Presentation by Nils Flatabø SINTEF Energy Research. ERMInE Workshop 2 - Northern Europe Oslo, 1. November 2006 ERMInE Database Presentation by Nils Flatabø SINTEF Energy Research ERMInE Workshop 2 - Northern Europe Oslo, 1. November 26 Overview Content of the Ermine Database Electronic Questionnaire RTD&D Data