IMAGO7, B1 and Local SAR evaluation
|
|
- Henry Hubbard
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Centro di ricercasullebiotecnologie di risonanza magnetica a campo ultra alto IMAGO7, the first Italian 7T MR scanner: B1 and Local SAR evaluation Gianluigi Tiberi INRIM, Febbraio 2014
2 THE IMAGO7RESEARCH FOUNDATION The Stella Maris Scientific Institute, Pisa IRCCS (Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico in Developmental Neurology, Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, The University of Pisa Department of Physics Department of Chemistry The Pisa University General Hospital Department of Radiology Department of Neuroscience The MEDEA Scientific Institute, Bosisio Parini (Lecco) IRCCS (Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico in Developmental Neurology, Psychiatry and Rehabilitation The CARIPI Foundation
3 Actual UHF MR worldwide distribution systems >= 7T 3
4 The evolution of MR images 1980 Zeugmatography 1974 PISA end of 90s end of 80s 15T 1.5 T 3 T 3 T 7 T
5 Delivery of the Magnet June 9, 2011
6 7 Tesla (& 7 Gauss) Reached on Nov 28 th 2011, 5pm NOTA: Il campo magnetico terrestre varia da poco più di 0,00002 Tesla all'equatore a 0,00007 Tesla nelle zone polari. A Milano è di circa 0, Tesla. Questo significa che il campo ultra alto generato dal magnete è volte più intenso!!!!
7
8 Imago7 Foundation Michela Tosetti IRCCS Stella Maris
9 Pisa, January 2012
10 1st Human on 30 March 2012!! ARC FSE (R=2.3) TE 92.6 ms TR 6 s 512x512 3 mm slice T2* weighted GRE 240/12.7/20 deg 1024x768 2Nex 4 mm slice Tx: shielded 16 element birdcage head coil; Rx: 32 array head coil (Nova Medical)
11 Physics of MRI Random orientation of the spins. Static field (~T) Excess magnetization along the direction of the static field. Linear varying fields Spatial information encoded d in different phase and frequency of spins. RF field in the transverse plane Magnetization rotated away from the equilibrium position RF field off Magnetization return to equilibrium with time scale T1 and T2*, both dependent from the sample, generating an RF field Receive coil on A signal is induced in the coil Read-out system and post-processing An image is formed
12 Hardware in MRI Main Magnet: static field Shimming i coils: improved static field homogeneity Gradient coils: Linear varying field, Fourier transform imaging RF coils: radiofrequency field Sample excitation Signal reception Read-out electronics
13 Magnetic Fields A. static (B0 + shims): ~ T B. db/dt (gradients): ~ mt/m C. radio frequency (B1): ~ T
14 RF coils (dedicated at 7T) Volume Coils ( T only or T/R) Solenoid Helmotz pair Saddle Coil Birdcage TEM Surface Coils (R only or T/R) Single loop Quadrature dual loop Butterfly coil Phased array
15 Two basic requirements must be fulfilled for obtaining high quality images: i) in the transmission mode, RF coils must be able to produce a uniform magnetic induction field B1 (in the transverse plane) in the volume of interest so that the nuclei can be properly excited; note that B1 μt T!!!! ii) in the receiving mode, a high signal to noise ratio (SNR) is needed, and the coil must be able to collect the signal emitted by the nuclei with a uniform amplitude throughout the volume of interest. Careful selection and design of the RF coil!! ARF coil can be seen an antenna which operates in the near- field region!!!
16 Larmor Frequency: = B 0 nuclues (MHz/T) 1.5T 3T 7T 1 H C O F Na P Xe
17 Research activities at IMAGO7 Coils realization and testing Local SAR evaluation Human protocols and sequences development 1.5 T
18 E Local SAR: why bother? SAR 2 2 One of the most crucial safety issues during magnetic resonance (MR) acquisition iiti at ultra high field is the local Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), which describes the potential for heating, hence damaging, g, patient s tissue. The RF power required to obtain B1 μt can be equal to some kw!!!!
19
20 E Local SAR: why bother? SAR 2 2 During MR acquisition average SAR and Local SAR must be monitored MR systems can measure the B1 but not the E field!!! Thus, local SAR cannot be measured directly!!!
21 Local SAR: why bother? Routine SAR monitoring procedures rely on the measurement of reflected power at the transmitting coil port, however this information has two main limitations: 1. it does not discriminate among: o loss within the sample o ohmic losses of the coil o radiated power 2. it quantifies only the average SAR irrespectively of local spatial inhomogeneities 3. Impossible to push the performance (within regulatory limits!) because actual SAR is unknown
22 Field inhomogeneities increase when the frequency increases!! B1+ distribution for a head in an ideal birdcage coil at several frequencies Note: B1+ represents the RF B field in the rotating frame!
23 Field inhomogeneities increase when the dielectric constant of the sample increases oil water B1+ distribution at 7T when using an oil and water cylindrical phantom in a realistic birdcage coil B1+ inhomogeneities, thus: i) Image brightening!! ii) Local SAR variability!!
24 A possible approach: We derive the distribution of the local SAR by the combination of EM simulation (CST MW Suite and/or line source) and B1 MR acquisition obtained by the GE MR950 7T human system (GE HealthCare, Milwaukee, WI, USA)
25 Local SAR evaluation, human calf Element γ/2π (MHz/T) f 0 (MHz) 1 H P HUGO calf model Voxels size: 4x4x4mm^3 Realistic dielectric properties of tissues SAR 1H channel only 2 E 2
26 Local SAR, 10 g avg, at 298 MHz for unit RF cycle and 1W input power Simulations performed in collaboration with Dr. N. Fontana, Department of Information Engineering, Pisa
27 avg (B 1+ ) μt max SAR W/Kg Hugo, M, adult Maps of B1+ magnitude [μt] and SAR [W/Kg] in the axial slice crossing the coil center obtained by using CST MW Suite with the human model HUGO. We noted that modification of the matching capacitor leads to a modification of the scale of both B1+ magnitude and SAR maps, but the shape of these maps will be not affected.
28 The previous results have been obtained using 1W on input power and CW avg (B + 1+ ) max SAR μt W/Kg Hugo, M, adult In MR, the Flip Angle (FA) indicates the Magnetization rotation (away from the equilibrium position). Relation between B1+ and FA: /2 2 B a( t) dt /2, peak 1 In our system (i.e. sinc-shaped shaped pulse a(t) having a duration τ=3.2 ms), we have B 7.2 μt, peak 1 FA This value can be used to scale the simulations!! t [second]
29 avg max avg(b 1+ ) for max SAR max SAR (B 1+ ) SAR FA=90 μt W/Kg μt for FA=90 CW W/Kg for FA=90 RF pulse W/Kg Hugo, M, adult The fourth and the fifth columns show the average B1+ magnitude and the maximum of the local SAR after scaling the simulations so to achieve the B1+ slice average value of 7.2μT; note that such value leads to an (average) FA θ =90 (thus, this scaling is quite similar to what conventional autoprescan routines do). Scaling to others FAs can be performed The SAR values given in the fifth columns refer to CW (i.e. unit RF cycle). The correspondent SAR per unit FA θ =90 RF pulse is given in the sixth column, which appropriately accounts for the duty cycle of the pulse a(t) t [second]
30 avg max avg(b 1+ ) for max SAR max SAR (B 1+ ) SAR FA=90 μt W/Kg μt for FA=90 CW W/Kg for FA=90 RF pulse W/Kg Hugo, M, adult Requirements: maximum local SAR in the extremities <20 W/Kg Averaging time equal to 6min has to be applied, as specified in [CEI EN ] Since the SAR depends on the characteristics of the sequence adopted during the MR exposure, all the parameters related to the sequence itself have to be taken into account in the calculation (number of RF pulses, FAs)
31 avg max avg(b 1+ ) for max SAR max SAR (B 1+ ) SAR FA=90 μt W/Kg μt for FA=90 CW W/Kg for FA=90 RF pulse W/Kg Hugo, M, adult Example: GRE, FA=90, TE=8, TR= , , Nex=1, Phase FoV=1, #slices=12 Nrf = Number of rf pulses for 90 =Phase Phase FoV Nex #slices = 6144 Sequence_scan_time= Phase FoV Phase TR =256 second 2 Sequence_duty_cycle= (τ*nrf Nrf)/ Sequence_scan_time It follows MAX SAR= 1.6 W/Kg t [second]
32 In EM simulations, an appropriate power scaling must be performed to evaluate the SAR correctly Up to now, we performed such scaling on theoretical basis We can proceed for applying a scaling to B1+ scanner based measurements!! Measured B1+, expressed in Gauss Simulated simulated B1+ obtained B+ [1W using power] 1 W, expressed in T x There is a good agreement between the two results!
33 simulated B+ [1W power] x measured B1+ map (performed using P,1 1 W Pin=0.04KW=40W, corresponding to TG=0) avg _ slice( B ) T 1, measured input W avg max (B 1+ ) SAR μt W/Kg Hugo, M, adult Scaling factor can calculated as: k avg _ slice( B ) 1, measured 1,1 WSIMULATED avg _ slice( B ) 5.2
34 Steps for local SAR monitoring Scaling for realistic operative conditions: 1. we 2. we 3. we we perform ab1+ mapping using different FAs, i.e. FA=90 we extract the average on a slice, i.e. avg slice B 1, measured FA 90 _ ( ) we use this value for scaling the simulations, following the procedure described before Simulations can be performed and stored; it would be preferable to perform simulations using many different anatomical models so to allow a good match with the patient
35 We conclude showing some pictures and images..
36 HIPPOCAMPUS
37 Research people Michela Tosetti physicist IRCCS Stella Maris Mirco Cosottini Neuroradiologist University of Pisa Daniela Frosini Neurologist University of Pisa Ilaria Pesaresi Neuroradiologist Pisa General Hospital Massimo Del Sarto Engineer IRCCS Stella Maris Laura Biagi Physicist IRCCS Stella Maris Mauro Costagli Engineer IMAGO7 Gianluigi Tiberi Engineer IMAGO7 Eleonora Maggioni Engineer IRCCS Md Medea Luca Cecchetti Psychologist University of Pisa Danilo Scelfo Physicis IRCCS Stella Maris and University of Pisa Alessandra Retico Physicist INFN Riccardo Stara Physicist University of Pisa GE Applied Science Laboratory EUROPE Marie Curie HiMR PhD Program Nunzia Fontana Engineer University of Pisa Alessandra Toncelli Physicist Univesity of Pisa Maria Evelina Fantacci Physicist Univesity of Pisa Valentina Domenici Chemist University of Pisa Agostino Monorchio Engineer University of Pisa Marcello Alecci Physicist Univesity of Aquila James Tropp, physicist GE ASL USA Doug Kelley GE ASL 7T UCSF USA
IRCCS FONDAZIONE STELLA MARIS La Risonanza Magnetica a 7 Tesla della Fondazione Stella Maris: stato dell arte
IRCCS FONDAZIONE STELLA MARIS La Risonanza Magnetica a 7 Tesla della Fondazione Stella Maris: stato dell arte IMAGO7 project 21 km PISA 7T magnet installed @ Stella Maris M. Tosetti, - People LAB RM Stella
More informationGE Medical Systems Training in Partnership. Module 8: IQ: Acquisition Time
Module 8: IQ: Acquisition Time IQ : Acquisition Time Objectives...Describe types of data acquisition modes....compute acquisition times for 2D and 3D scans. 2D Acquisitions The 2D mode acquires and reconstructs
More informationGE 3.0T NPW,TRF,FAST,F R NPW,TRF,FAST,F R
GE 3.0T 3.0T WRIST Invivo 8CH Wrist Coil Sequence Ax T2 Cor PD Cor PDFS Cor T1 Cor PD (Small FOV) FOV (mm) 80 80 80 80 40 Matrix 384x224 384x256 320x256 384x320 320x192 Phase Direction RL RL RL RL RL #
More informationFDA Guidelines for Magnetic Resonance Equipment Safety
FDA Guidelines for Magnetic Resonance Equipment Safety Loren A. Zaremba, Ph.D. Center for Devices and Radiological Health Food and Drug Administration Outline I. Introduction II. Static Magnetic Field
More informationSITE IMAGING MANUAL ACRIN 6698
SITE IMAGING MANUAL ACRIN 6698 Diffusion Weighted MR Imaging Biomarkers for Assessment of Breast Cancer Response to Neoadjuvant Treatment: A sub-study of the I-SPY 2 TRIAL Version: 1.0 Date: May 28, 2012
More informationMedical Imaging. MRI Instrumentation, Data Acquisition, Image Reconstruction. Assistant Professor Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine
G16.4426/EL5823/BE6203 Medical Imaging MRI Instrumentation, Data Acquisition, Image Reconstruction Riccardo Lattanzi, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine Department
More informationBasic Principles of Magnetic Resonance
Basic Principles of Magnetic Resonance Contents: Jorge Jovicich jovicich@mit.edu I) Historical Background II) An MR experiment - Overview - Can we scan the subject? - The subject goes into the magnet -
More information5 Factors Affecting the Signal-to-Noise Ratio
5 Factors Affecting the Signal-to-Noise Ratio 29 5 Factors Affecting the Signal-to-Noise Ratio In the preceding chapters we have learned how an MR signal is generated and how the collected signal is processed
More informationRICHARD T ELL ASSOCIATES,INC.
RICHARD T ELL ASSOCIATES,INC. An Evaluation of Test Measurement Data Obtained on the KW-Gard RF Protective Suit March 30, 1998 Prepared for Euclid Garment Manufacturing Company 333 Martinel Drive Kent,
More informationMusculoskeletal MRI Technical Considerations
Musculoskeletal MRI Technical Considerations Garry E. Gold, M.D. Professor of Radiology, Bioengineering and Orthopaedic Surgery Stanford University Outline Joint Structure Image Contrast Protocols: 3.0T
More informationMRI SEQUENCES. 1 Gradient Echo Sequence
5 An MRI sequence is an ordered combination of RF and gradient pulses designed to acquire the data to form the image. In this chapter I will describe the basic gradient echo, spin echo and inversion recovery
More informationadvancing magnetic resonance imaging and medical data analysis
advancing magnetic resonance imaging and medical data analysis INFN - CSN5 CdS - Luglio 2015 Sezione di Genova 2015-2017 objectives Image reconstruction, artifacts and noise management O.1 Components RF
More informationCirrus 0.2T. MRI for Everyone. North America, Asia, Europe. contact: kturek@mri-tech.pl
Cirrus 0.2T MRI for Everyone North America, Asia, Europe contact: kturek@mri-tech.pl MRI-TECH inc. Cirrus MRI system for all your needs: Low costs Low maintenance High quality Open geometry Imaging of
More informationNumerical Modelling of E-M Occupational Exposures associated with MRI
Numerical Modelling of E-M Occupational Exposures associated with MRI Jeff Hand and Yan Li Imaging Sciences Dept, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus Physical Agents Directive (EMFs) 2004/40/EC
More informationOperating Frequency Selection for Loosely Coupled Wireless Power Transfer Systems with Respect to RF Emissions and RF Exposure Requirements
Operating Frequency Selection for Loosely Coupled Wireless Power Transfer Systems with Respect to RF Emissions and RF Exposure Requirements Jagadish Nadakuduti, Lin Lu, Paul Guckian Qualcomm Technologies,
More informationMGH Adult Diffusion Data Scanning Protocols
MGH Adult Diffusion Data Scanning Protocols Structural scans SIEMENS MAGNETOM ConnectomA syngo MR D11 \\USER\INVESTIGATORS\Default\AAHScout_64 TA:0:14 PAT:3 Voxel size:1.6 1.6 1.6 mm Rel. SNR:1.00 :fl
More informationProjects at the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance
Projects at the Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance Five projects involving Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Hvidovre Hospital Example: [1-13C]Pyruvate signal enhanced by ~50,000x! Magnetic Resonance
More informationGE Medical Systems Training in Partnership. Module 12: Spin Echo
Module : Spin Echo Spin Echo Objectives Review the SE PSD. Review the concepts of T, T, and T*. Spin Echo PSD RF Gz Gy 90 80 Gx Spin Echo - SE Spin echo is a standard pulse sequence on Signa MRi/LX and
More informationGeneration and Detection of NMR Signals
Generation and Detection of NMR Signals Hanudatta S. Atreya NMR Research Centre Indian Institute of Science NMR Spectroscopy Spin (I)=1/2h B 0 Energy 0 = B 0 Classical picture (B 0 ) Quantum Mechanical
More informationAn 8-channel RF Transceive Coil For Parallel Imaging at 7T/298MHz
CST European User Group Meeting 17-19 May 2011, Munich, Germany An 8-channel RF Transceive Coil For Parallel Imaging at 7T/298MHz X. Hanus CEA DSM Irfu SACM An 8-ch RF transceive coil for MRI at 7T/298MHz
More informationBreast MRI Quality Control
Donna M. Reeve, MS, DABR, DABMP Department of Imaging Physics Educational Objectives Discuss the importance of breast MRI quality control (QC). Provide an overview of the new ACR Breast MRI Accreditation
More information1.5 Tesla and 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Guidelines for the Senza System
1.5 Tesla and 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Guidelines for the Senza System NEVRO CORP. All questions or concerns about Nevro products should be forwarded to: Nevro Corp. 1800 Bridge Parkway
More informationSAR ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF HANDS-FREE MOBILE TELEPHONES
SAR ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF HANDS-FREE MOBILE TELEPHONES S.J. Porter, M.H. Capstick, F. Faraci, I.D. Flintoft and A.C. Marvin Department of Electronics, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD,
More informationmri : Physics For anyone who does not have a degree in physics Evert J Blink Application Specialist MRI
B A S I C mri : Physics For anyone who does not have a degree in physics Evert J Blink Application Specialist MRI 0 Preface Over the years Magnetic Resonance Imaging, hereafter referred to as MRI, has
More informationPulsed Fourier Transform NMR The rotating frame of reference. The NMR Experiment. The Rotating Frame of Reference.
Pulsed Fourier Transform NR The rotating frame of reference The NR Eperiment. The Rotating Frame of Reference. When we perform a NR eperiment we disturb the equilibrium state of the sstem and then monitor
More informationRF EXPOSURE LIMITS AND TESTING REQUIREMENTS
RF EXPOSURE LIMITS AND TESTING REQUIREMENTS Jay Moulton Vice President March 12, 2013 1 OVERVIEW Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) Standards and Limits Evaluation Methods
More informationEffects of Mobile Phone Radiation onto Human Head with Variation of Holding Cheek and Tilt Positions
Effects of Mobile Phone Radiation onto Human Head with Variation of Holding Cheek and Tilt Positions M. R. Iqbal-Faruque* 1, N. Aisyah-Husni 2, Md. Ikbal-Hossain 1, M. Tariqul-Islam 2 and N. Misran 2 1
More informationHow To Know If You Are Safe To Use An Antenna (Wired) Or Wireless (Wireless)
1 2 The range of RF spans 3 KHz (3000 Hz) to 300 GHz (300 million Hz) Frequencies of RF devices range from the low frequency AM broadcasts (80 MHz) to higher frequency mobile phones (1900 MHz) smart meters
More informationSelected Radio Frequency Exposure Limits
ENVIRONMENT, SAFETY & HEALTH DIVISION Chapter 50: Non-ionizing Radiation Selected Radio Frequency Exposure Limits Product ID: 94 Revision ID: 1736 Date published: 30 June 2015 Date effective: 30 June 2015
More informationMagnetic Resonance Imaging
Magnetic Resonance Imaging What are the uses of MRI? To begin, not only are there a variety of scanning methodologies available, but there are also a variety of MRI methodologies available which provide
More informationDiffusione e perfusione in risonanza magnetica. E. Pagani, M. Filippi
Diffusione e perfusione in risonanza magnetica E. Pagani, M. Filippi DW-MRI DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED MRI Principles Diffusion results from a microspic random motion known as Brownian motion THE RANDOM WALK How
More informationEXPOSURE INDICES IN RF EPIDEMIOLOGY
EXPOSURE INDICES IN RF EPIDEMIOLOGY Paolo Vecchia National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy Advances in Biological effects and Dosimetry of Low Energy Electromagnetic Fields Erice, 28 March - 8 April 1981
More informationPhysics of Imaging Systems Basic Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging II
1 10/30/2015 Page 1 Master s Program in Medical Physics Physics of Imaging Systems Basic Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging II Chair in Faculty of Medicine Mannheim University of Heidelberg Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer
More informationEffect of Metallic Materials on SAR
Contemporary Engineering Sciences, Vol. 5, 2012, no. 9, 407-411 Effect of Metallic Materials on SAR Asma Lak Department of Electrical Engineering, Genaveh branch Islamic Azad University, Genaveh, Iran
More informationPrepublication Requirements
Issued Prepublication Requirements The Joint Commission has approved the following revisions for prepublication. While revised requirements are published in the semiannual updates to the print manuals
More informationBody SAR and EU. B. Derat
Body SAR and EU B. Derat Overview / Outline New Approach: Directive / Standards Current applicable standard IEC/EN 62209-2:2010 Tablet case study Future of EU body SAR testing Maintenance of IEC 62209-2
More informationToshiba Excelart Vantage 1.5T MRI Tech Specs (Technical Specifications)
Toshiba Excelart Vantage 1.5T MRI Tech Specs (Technical Specifications) Excelart Vantage Magnet Configuration: Ultra-short-bore Strength (or W x H): 1.5 T Homogeneity, ppm V-RMS: Dimensions of maximum
More informationRECOMMENDATION ITU-R F.1113. (Question ITU-R 157/9) b) that systems using this mode of propagation are already in service for burst data transmission,
Rec. ITU-R F.1113 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R F.1113 RADIO SYSTEMS EMPLOYING METEOR-BURST PROPAGATION (Question ITU-R 157/9) (1994) Rec. ITU-R F.1113 The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that
More informationIn vivo stem cell tracking in the myocardium of small laboratory animals: Feasibility and acquisition strategies on clinical magnetic resonance
In vivo stem cell tracking in the myocardium of small laboratory animals: Feasibility and acquisition strategies on clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems Piotr A. Wielopolski Erasmus MC Department
More information32-Channel Head Coil Imaging at 3T
32-Channel Head Coil Imaging at 3T Thomas Benner Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
More informationImageReady MRI Full Body Guidelines for Precision Montage MRI Spinal Cord Stimulator System
ImageReady MRI Full Body Guidelines for Precision Montage MRI Spinal Cord Stimulator System CAUTION: Federal law restricts this device to sale, distribution and use by or on the order of a physician. 91035972-01
More informationInvestigation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Effects when Using Bone Conduction Implants
Investigation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Effects when Using Bone Conduction Implants Master of Science Thesis in Biomedical Engineering, MPBME Karl-Johan Fredén Jansson Department of Signals and Systems
More informationWireless Radio Frequency Coil for Magnetic Resonance Image of Knee Joint
Wireless Radio Frequency Coil for Magnetic Resonance Image of Knee Joint Tomohiro Sahara, Hiroshi Tsutsui, Shigehiro Hashimoto, Shuichi Mochizuki, Kenichi Yamasaki, Hideo Kondo, Teruo Miyazaki Department
More informationHuman Exposure to Outdoor PLC System
1602 PIERS Proceedings, Marrakesh, MOROCCO, March 20 23, 2011 Human Exposure to Outdoor PLC System Vicko Doric 1, Dragan Poljak 1, and Khalil El Khamlichi Drissi 2 1 University of Split, Croatia 2 Blaise
More informationSeptember 26, 2000 IMST GmbH Carl-Friedrich-Gauß-Str. 2 D-47475 Kamp-Lintfort
TTI-P-G 158 Report Dosimetric Assessment of the Mobile Ericsson T18z with an without the PAM System Technologies devices According to the American FCC Requirements September 26, 2000 IMST GmbH Carl-Friedrich-Gauß-Str.
More informationNMR Techniques Applied to Mineral Oil, Water, and Ethanol
NMR Techniques Applied to Mineral Oil, Water, and Ethanol L. Bianchini and L. Coffey Physics Department, Brandeis University, MA, 02453 (Dated: February 24, 2010) Using a TeachSpin PS1-A pulsed NMR device,
More informationOfficial Journal of the European Communities. (Acts whose publication is not obligatory) COUNCIL
30. 7. 1999 EN Official Journal of the European Communities L 199/59 II (Acts whose publication is not obligatory) COUNCIL COUNCIL RECOMMENDATION of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general
More informationPreface Acknowledgments Acronyms
Contents Preface Acknowledgments Acronyms xi xiii xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The history of Antennas and Antenna Analysis 1 1.2 Antenna Synthesis 5 1.3 Approximate Antenna Modeling 7 1.4 Organization of the
More informationProton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the brain: Report of AAPM MR Task Group #9
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the brain: Report of AAPM MR Task Group #9 Dick J. Drost a) Nuclear Medicine and MRI Department, St. Joseph s Health Centre, London, Ontario N6A 4L6, Canada William
More informationARIB TR-T12-34.925 V3.0.0. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) requirements and regulations in different regions
ARIB TR-T12-34.925 V3.0.0 Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) requirements and regulations in different regions Refer to "Notice" in the preface of ARIB TR-T12 for Copyrights. Technical Report 3rd Generation
More informationSAR Distribution in Test Animals Exposed to RF Radiation
German Mobile Telecommunication Research Programme, July 25th, 2006 SAR Distribution in Test Animals Exposed to RF Radiation Verónica Berdiñas Torres, Andreas Christ, Niels Kuster IT IS Foundation, ETH
More informationMagnetic Resonance Imaging
Magnetic Resonance Imaging 31 (2013) 1439 1444 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Magnetic Resonance Imaging journal homepage: www.mrijournal.com Technical notes Evaluation of MRI issues for an
More informationNMR for Physical and Biological Scientists Thomas C. Pochapsky and Susan Sondej Pochapsky Table of Contents
Preface Symbols and fundamental constants 1. What is spectroscopy? A semiclassical description of spectroscopy Damped harmonics Quantum oscillators The spectroscopic experiment Ensembles and coherence
More informationEvaluating Cell Phone and Personal Communications Equipment and their EMC Effects on Automotive Audio and In-Cabin Modules
Evaluating Cell Phone and Personal Communications Equipment and their EMC Effects on Automotive Audio and In-Cabin Modules Craig W. Fanning Elite Electronic Engineering, Inc. 1516 Centre Circle Downers
More informationTable 11: Pros and Cons of 1.5 T MRI vs. 3.0 T MRI; Safety and Technical Issues, and Clinical Applications
Safety Issue 3.0 T MRI Pro 3.0 T MRI Con Immediate fringe field surrounding magnet A ferromagnetic object inadvertently brought into the scan room will experience a sharp increase in attraction toward
More informationRADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION, (RFR): (RFR Information - Technology Newsletter, Full Version)
RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION, (RFR): (RFR Information - Technology Newsletter, Full Version) George M. Harris, P.E. (Revised February, 2011) Questions: -What is Radiofrequency Radiation, (RFR)? -With SO MANY
More informationCOUNCIL RECOMMENDATION of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) (1999/519/EC)
COUNCIL RECOMMENDATION of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz) (1999/519/EC) THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to
More informationSpecific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the head of Tablet user's
7th Latin American Workshop On Communications - 2015 Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the head of Tablet user's Juliana Borges Ferreira Post-graduation program in Electrical Engineering Federal University
More informationSubject: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Information on Sorin Group Heart Valve Prostheses and Annuloplasty Devices
Saluggia, 18 December 2013 Subject: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Information on Sorin Group Heart Prostheses and Annuloplasty Devices To whom it may concern This letter summarizes the required MRI
More informationPHY114 S11 Term Exam 3
PHY4 S Term Exam S. G. Rajeev Mar 2 20 2:0 pm to :45 pm PLEASE write your workshop number and your workshop leader s name at the top of your book, so that you can collect your graded exams at the workshop.
More informationElectromagnetic Field Safety
SAR A Basic Restriction for Electromagnetic Field Safety David Baron, PE Consulting Engineer Electromagnetic Field Safety d.baron@ieee.org NOTE. CENAM is not responsible for the content of this document.
More informationKap 8 Image quality, signal, contrast and noise
4/5/ FYS-KJM 474 contrast SNR MR-teori og medisinsk diagnostikk Kap 8 Image qualit, signal, contrast and noise resolution vailable MRparameters speed Main source of noise in MRI: Noise generated within
More informationGUIDE TO SETTING UP AN MRI RESEARCH PROJECT
GUIDE TO SETTING UP AN MRI RESEARCH PROJECT Formal requirements and procedures OVERVIEW This document is intended to help a principle investigator set up a research project using magnetic resonance imaging
More informationIntroduction to Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques
Introduction to Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques Lars G. Hanson, larsh@drcmr.dk Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre Latest document version:
More informationAccurate Multislice Gradient Echo T 1 Measurement in the Presence of Non-ideal RF Pulse Shape and RF Field Nonuniformity
Accurate Multislice Gradient Echo T 1 Measurement in the Presence of Non-ideal RF Pulse Shape and RF Field Nonuniformity Geoffrey J.M. Parker,* Gareth J. Barker, and Paul S. Tofts Magnetic Resonance in
More informationAn equivalent circuit of a loop antenna.
3.2.1. Circuit Modeling: Loop Impedance A loop antenna can be represented by a lumped circuit when its dimension is small with respect to a wavelength. In this representation, the circuit parameters (generally
More informationNumerical Methods and Software Tools for Simulation, Design, and Resonant Mode Analysis of Radio Frequency Birdcage Coils Used in MRI
Numerical Methods and Software Tools for Simulation, Design, and Resonant Mode Analysis of Radio Frequency Birdcage Coils Used in MRI NECIP GURLER, YUSUF ZIYA IDER Department of Electrical and Electronics
More informationMRI SAFETY JEOPARDY (Technologist Edition) Questions
MRI SAFETY JEOPARDY (Technologist Edition) Questions For MRI Safety Week, 2009 Provided, Inc. www.mednovus.com PowerPoint MRI Safety Quiz available for free download from http://mrimetaldetector.com/media/proving_grounds/mri_safety_week.html
More information6 J - vector electric current density (A/m2 )
Determination of Antenna Radiation Fields Using Potential Functions Sources of Antenna Radiation Fields 6 J - vector electric current density (A/m2 ) M - vector magnetic current density (V/m 2 ) Some problems
More informationFDTD Computation of Sar Distributions in Human Head for Mobile Phones V.Purushothaman, N.Vignesh, S.Vijayakumar
FDTD Computation of Sar Distributions in Human Head for Mobile Phones V.Purushothaman, N.Vignesh, S.Vijayakumar Veltech Engineering College, purushothamanece@gmail.com, Vicky.ganapathy@gmail.com,vijayeee333@gmail.com
More informationSpecific Absorption Rate (SAR) Induced in Human Heads of Various Sizes When Using a Mobile Phone
, June 30 - July 2, 2010, London, U.K. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) Induced in Human Heads of Various Sizes When Using a Mobile Phone Adel Z. El Dein Alaeddin Amr Abstract - This paper analyzes the specific
More informationMRI DATA PROCESSING. Compiled by: Nicolas F. Lori and Carlos Ferreira. Introduction
MRI DATA PROCESSING Compiled by: Nicolas F. Lori and Carlos Ferreira Introduction Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a clinical exam that is safe to the patient. Nevertheless, it s very important to attend
More information13C NMR Spectroscopy
13 C NMR Spectroscopy Introduction Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is the most powerful tool available for structural determination. A nucleus with an odd number of protons, an odd number
More informationHuman Exposure Limits
Human Exposure Limits Session 3 0 Version December 2014 Learning objectives In this session we will: Learn about the international exposure limits for workers and the public Learn about methods for assessing
More informationDual H&D Cavity for the PAX Target Polarimeter
Dual H&D Cavity for the PAX Target Polarimeter M. Capiluppi a, V. Carassiti a, G. Ciullo a, P. Lenisa a, A. Nass b, and E. Steffens c a INFN Ferrara, Italy b IKP, Research Center Jülich, Germany c Univ.
More informationTHE ANSI/IEEE RF SAFETY STANDARD AND ITS RATIONALE. Om P. Gandhi and Gianluca Lazzi Department of Electrical Engineering Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
Introduction THE ANSI/IEEE RF SAFETY STANDARD AND ITS RATIONALE Om P. Gandhi and Gianluca Lazzi Department of Electrical Engineering Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 In 1960, the American Standards Association
More informationQUANTITATIVE IMAGING IN MULTICENTER CLINICAL TRIALS: PET
Centers for Quantitative Imaging Excellence (CQIE) LEARNING MODULE QUANTITATIVE IMAGING IN MULTICENTER CLINICAL TRIALS: PET American College of Radiology Clinical Research Center v.1 Centers for Quantitative
More informationI i nstrumentat on for ESR M icroscopy Microscopy CURT R DUNNAM 1
Instrumentation for ESR Microscopy CURT R DUNNAM 1 ACERT ESRM Instrumentation Development elopment to Date: CW (9 GHz) Modified Varian E-series X-band Spectrometer (add-on system) stem) Capable of Projection
More informationNMR and MRI. Seppo Vahasalo Philips Medical Systems MR Finland 2008-06-17
NMR and MRI Seppo Vahasalo Philips Medical Systems MR Finland 2008-06-17 Contents Some local MRI history NMR and MRI Physics Magnet technology and electronics Recent trends in MRI and magnet technology
More information510(k) Summary. This summary of 510(k) safety and effectiveness is being submitted in accordance with the requirements of 21 CFR 807.
MAR, 2009 / \MLECH MRI-TECH Sp. z o.o., ul. Zielihska 3, 31-227 Krak6w, Poland MRI-TECH Canada, Inc. 206-3820 Cambie Street Vancouver BC V5Z 2X7 510(k) Summary This summary of 510(k) safety and effectiveness
More informationPreserving Hyperpolarization of 129 Xe for Transport Submitted by: Zach Zytner Project Supervisor: Dr. Giles Santyr Medical Biophysics 3970 Date:
Preserving Hyperpolarization of 129 Xe for Transport Submitted by: Zach Zytner Project Supervisor: Dr. Giles Santyr Medical Biophysics 3970 Date: April 1, 2011 Introduction and Theory The effective use
More informationAutomated Meter Reading Frequently Asked Questions. What is AMR?
Automated Meter Reading Frequently Asked Questions What is AMR? AMR stands for Automated Meter Reading. It is a method of using advanced communications technology to read meters remotely. It reduces human
More informationChapter 2 NMR in Inhomogeneous Fields
Chapter 2 NMR in Inhomogeneous Fields Federico Casanova and Juan Perlo 2.1 Introduction Besides the redesigning of the hardware to excite and detect NMR signals from sample volumes external to the sensor,
More informationCT RADIATION DOSE REPORT FROM DICOM. Frank Dong, PhD, DABR Diagnostic Physicist Imaging Institute Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, OH
CT RADIATION DOSE REPORT FROM DICOM Frank Dong, PhD, DABR Diagnostic Physicist Imaging Institute Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, OH CT Patient comes out... Patient goes in... Big Black Box Radiology
More informationAmplifier for Small Magnetic and Electric Wideband Receiving Antennas (model AAA-1B)
Amplifier for Small Magnetic and Electric Wideband Receiving Antennas (model AAA-1B) 1. Description and Specifications Contents 1.1 Description 1.2 1.2 Specifications 1.3 1.3 Tested parameters in production
More informationVBA Macro for construction of an EM 3D model of a tyre and part of the vehicle
VBA Macro for construction of an EM 3D model of a tyre and part of the vehicle Guillermo Vietti, Gianluca Dassano, Mario Orefice LACE, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy. guillermo.vietti@polito.it Work
More informationrunl I IUI%I/\L Magnetic Resonance Imaging
runl I IUI%I/\L Magnetic Resonance Imaging SECOND EDITION Scott A. HuetteS Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Allen W. Song Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Gregory McCarthy
More informationMRET-Shield Synopsis of Scientific Research Updated on June 1, 2007
MRET-Shield Synopsis of Scientific Research Updated on June 1, 27 MRET-Shield material and devices made, when placed in proximity to persons, animals and plants serve to lessen adverse health effects caused
More informationREVEAL LINQ LNQ11. Insertable Cardiac Monitor MRI procedural information. MRI Technical Manual
REVEAL LINQ LNQ11 Insertable Cardiac Monitor MRI procedural information MRI Technical Manual Caution: Federal law (USA) restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a physician. The following list
More informationWIRELESS MAGNETIC CONTACT
WIRELESS MAGNETIC CONTACT The magnetic contact wireless MAG HCS is a sensor able to detect opening or closing doors or windows and transmits via radio a alarm signal. It is composed of two distinct elements:
More informationImpedance Matching and Matching Networks. Valentin Todorow, December, 2009
Impedance Matching and Matching Networks Valentin Todorow, December, 2009 RF for Plasma Processing - Definition of RF What is RF? The IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms defines
More informationThermal Effects of Mobile Phones
Thermal Effects of Mobile Phones S. Kassimi 1, A. ELfadl, S. Bri 3, A. Nakheli 4, M. Habibi 5, M. Ben Ahmed 6 Systems and Telecommunications Engineering Decision Laboratory,Ibn Tofail University, Faculty
More informationSimulation of Mobile Phone Antenna Performance
Tough technical requirements are being put on handsets. Mobile phones have to deal with an ever increasing number of services, while at the same time the cost of the systems is being reduced. RD in the
More information4. It is possible to excite, or flip the nuclear magnetic vector from the α-state to the β-state by bridging the energy gap between the two. This is a
BASIC PRINCIPLES INTRODUCTION TO NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR) 1. The nuclei of certain atoms with odd atomic number, and/or odd mass behave as spinning charges. The nucleus is the center of positive
More informationForum R.F.& Wireless, Milano il 14 Febbraio 2008 Dr. Emmanuel Leroux Technical Sales Manager for Italy emmanuel.leroux@cst.com 0039 340 3768950
Simulazione 3D elettromagnetica Time e Frequency domain Forum R.F.& Wireless, Milano il 14 Febbraio 2008 Dr. Emmanuel Leroux Technical Sales Manager for Italy emmanuel.leroux@cst.com 0039 340 3768950 1
More informationReal-life Applications of ICNIRP Guidelines to Various Human EMF Exposure Issues
Technical Forum Overview and Latest Development of Standards in Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) Real-life Applications of ICNIRP Guidelines to Various Human EMF Exposure Issues Dr. Brian
More informationMEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF RF EME LEVELS FROM MOBILE TELEPHONE BASE STATIONS LOCATED AT LEICHHARDT, NSW
AUSTRALIAN RADIATION PROTECTION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AGENCY A R P N S A Lower Plenty Road YALLAMBIE VIC 3085 Phone 61 3 9433 2211 Fax 61 3 9432 1835 E-mail: arpansa@health.gov.au Web: www.arpansa.gov.au
More informationPhantom Test Guidance
Phantom Test Guidance for the ACR MRI Accreditation Program The American College of Radiology 1891 Preston White Dr Reston, VA 20191-4397 www.acr.org Contents 0.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................
More informationNuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy cont... Recommended Reading:
Applied Spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy cont... Recommended Reading: Banwell and McCash Chapter 7 Skoog, Holler Nieman Chapter 19 Atkins, Chapter 18 Relaxation processes We need
More information