Chapter 12 The Trunk and Spinal Column
|
|
- Christiana Tyler
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 12 The Trunk and Spinal Column Manual of Structural Kinesiology R.T. Floyd, EdD, ATC, CSCS Vertebral Abdominal most column complex some intricate & complex articulating vertebrae do pairs of spinal nerves The not complex sections attach muscles part linked of by body fascia other & than tendinousbands CNS Trunk from and bone Spinal to bone Column Many vertebral assist too deep small in column, spinal to intrinsic palpate stabilization & thorax muscles or respiration act head, 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved articulating cervical thoracic (neck) (chest) & 9 fused vertebrae First lumbar (lower back) vertebrae allow of 5 vertebrae sacrum (posterior pelvic girdle) backward 4 head coccyx 2 for cervical to extensive movement (tail side, bone) vertebrae as well rotary vertebrae as -shapes movements forward & From Seeley RR, et al: Anatomy & physiology, ed 3, St. Louis, 1995, Mosby McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Thoracic normal curves spine curves within anteriorly spine Vertebrae Cervical Spinal shockscurves & increase lumbar enable spine to curve absorb posteriorly blows & to having lumbar to support region due more to size weight lower from back cervical 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved First Vertebrae architecture body 2 cervical C2 through vertebrae L5 -atlas -similar & axis central transverse -anterior vertebral process bony foramen blockfor spinal cord spinousprocess projecting posteriorly out laterally Cervical vertebrae From Anthony CP, Kolthoff NJ: Textbook of anatomy and physiology, ed 9, St. Louis, 1975, Mosby McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved
2 Thoracic vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae From Anthony CP, Kolthoff NJ: Textbook of anatomy and physiology, ed 9, St. Louis, 1975, Mosby. From Anthony CP, Kolthoff NJ: Textbook of anatomy and physiology, ed 9, St. Louis, 1975, Mosby McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Lordosis-increased Kyphosis-increased Lumbar of thoracic lumbar & cervical curves posterior anterior concavity lordoticcurve, kyphosis-reduction curveresulting of normal of Scoliosis appearance deviations -lateral of spine curvatures in a flat-back or sideward attach sternum directly true ribs 3 pairs ribs indirectly of attach false to to ribs 2 sternum ribs pairs -ends of floating are free 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Sternum All Manubrium, to sternum, thoracic ribs attached & vertebrae xiphoidprocess body posteriorly of Key muscles mastoid transverse bony landmarks spinousprocesses of process neck processes cervical of cervical spine spine manubriumof medial vertebrae claviclesternum of upper 4 thoracic From Shier D, Butler J, Lewis R: Hole s human anatomy & physiology, ed 9, New York, 2002, McGraw-Hill McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved
3 Key posterior bony landmarks anterior spinousprocesses transverse posterior muscles of spine borders trunk of ribs lower processes musclesthoracic of spine spine costal iliac pubic crest cartilages of 8 ribs Atlantooccipitaljoint Atlantoaxialjoint first formed allows sitting vertebra flexion by articularfossa occipital & extension condylesof of the 1st skull Atlas Trochoidor Most cervical mobile (C1) sits pivot-type joint rotation on of axis any occurs joint (C2) two here vertebraefrom Lindsay DT: functional human anatomy, St Louis, 1996, Mosby McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Minimal vertebrae Cumulative Vertebral movement allows movement for (except substantial from effect several of atlantoaxialjoint) between combined movements vertebrae any 2 Gliding-type arthrodialarticulations joints due classified to as gliding & joints inferior movements articularprocesses between limited superior of facets From Lindsay DT: functional human anatomy, St Louis, 1996, Mosby. Intervertebraldisks between annulus nucleus cartilage fibrosus-outer of & adhering vertebral to bodies articular compressed dense gelatinous, fibrocartilage pulposus-central pulpy elastic substance material rim of become compression with injury, a weakened torsion less improper annulus resilient in all directions use, fibrosus with resulting age, allows along in From Thibodeau GA, Paton KT: Anatomy & physiology, ed 9, St. Louis, 1993, Mosby; Seeley RR, Stephens TD, Tate P: Anatomy & physiology, ed 7, New York, 2006, McGraw-Hill McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Intervertebraldisks herniated (herniated nucleus annulus substantial combined nucleus pulposus protrusion or slipped disk) on protruding through causing resulting from tingling, weakening and/or with compression extremity spinal weakness radiating numbness, nerve puts pressure root, pain, lower From Thibodeau GA, Paton KT: Anatomy & physiology, ed 9, St. Louis, 1993, Mosby; Seeley RR, Stephens TD, Tate P: Anatomy & physiology, ed 7, New York, 2006, McGraw-Hill McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Most Some Movements Movement movement slight of thoracic head occurs movement in cervical & lumbar Referred within other as between cervical cranium vertebrae& 1stcervical and Trunk Lumbar motion movements in motion thoracic terminology & lumbar movements describes combined 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved
4 Cervical Flexes Extends Laterally Rotate 45 approximately 45 flexes degrees 45 degrees 60 degrees region Lumbar Flexes Extends spine approximately 20 to including 30 degrees 80 trunk degrees movement 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Lumbar Lumbar Rotation spine lateral approximately including flexion to 45 trunk 35 degrees movement Movements Spinal movements are often preceded by the name given to the region of movement Ex. flexion of trunk at lumbar spine is known as lumbar flexion, & extension of neck is cervical extension Pelvic girdle rotates as a unit due to movement occurring in hip & lumbar spine 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Spinal flexion Movements anterior movement of spine; in cervical region the head moves toward chest; in lumbar region the thorax moves toward pelvis Spinal extension Movements return from flexion or posterior movement of spine; in cervical spine, head moves away from the chest & thorax moves away from pelvis 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved
5 Movements Lateral flexion (left or right) sometimes referred to as side bending; head moves laterally toward the shoulder & thorax moves laterally toward pelvis Reduction return movement from lateral flexion to neutral Movements Spinal rotation (left or right) rotary movement of spine in horizontal plane; chin rotates from neutral toward shoulder & thorax rotates to one side 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved A Erector largest extends few large muscles & many small muscles divided region spinae(sacrospinalis) to muscle into on cranium each 3 muscles side of spinal column from pelvic Trunk & Spinal Column Sternocleidomastoid& Spinalis, longissimus, & iliocostalis large movements From Actually lumbar, muscles medial thoracic, made involved to up lateral & of cervical 9 in splenius muscles side, cervical regions has & muscles attachments head in 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Some muscles have multiple segments Many one perform segment movement of a in one region while another & function segment another region muscles region of same to perform muscle may movements be located in that in Trunk in & moving of trunk & spinal column Spinal spine Column & aiding All respiration thoracic muscles are primarily involved respiration in 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Numerous Large movements Rectus internal abdominis,, muscles external & -lumbar quadratuslumborum, Trunk & Spinal Column Grouped Many Important vertebra originate according small functioning muscles one to vertebra location of spine& & insert function next 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Abdominal bone aponeurosis(fascia) abdominisarea wall muscles do not go from external to bone but attach into an Trunk,, & around transversus internal rectus & Spinal Column 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved
6 Anterior Posterior Rectus Longus that move the head Longissimuscapitis Obliquuscapitissuperior capitisanterior Trunk Obliquuscapitisinferior & Spinal Column Rectus Trapezius, Splenius Semispinaliscapitis capitisposterior superior fibers -major& minor Lateralthat move the head Superficial Rectus Sternocleidomastoid Trunk Erector of capitislateralis & spinae(sacrospinalis) the vertebral column Spinal Column Spleniuscervicis Spinalis-cervicis, Longissimus-capitis, Iliocostalis-cervicis, thoracis thoracis, cervicis, lumborum thoracis 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Deep Longus Interspinales-entirespinal of the vertebral column Intertransversales-entirespinal Trunk Multifidus-entirespinal verticalcolli-superior, column inferior, column & Spinal Column Psoasminor Rotatores-entire Semispinalis-cervicis, thoracis column 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Diaphragm Intercostalis-external, Levatorcostarum of the thorax Subcostales Scalenus-anterior, internal Trunk & Spinal Column medius, posterior Serratus Transversusthoracis posterior -superior, inferior 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Rectusabdominis External of the wall Internal Transverse externusabdominis) internusabdominis) (obliquus Trunk & Spinal abdominis(transversus Column Quadratuslumborum 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved C4 Cranial & Sternocleidomastoid C3 muscles spinal nerve nerves 11 and C2 lateral Splenius through branches muscles C8 posterior Nerves Posterior the Entire group spinal erector branches nerves spinaeof 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved
7 Intercostalnerves nerve Rectus Internal (T12, abdominis L1), &(T8-T12), ilioinguinalnerve of T7 through iliohypogastric (L1) T12 Same innervationbegins for & transverse external abdominisexcept muscles Nerves Branches Quadratuslumborum from T12 with & L1 T-7 intercostalnerve All on 3 rectus lateralis originate occipital cervical vertebrae & insert All anterior vertebral bone of muscles skull (capitisname) longus capitis, Rectus spine are capitisanterior, flexors capitislateralis of head & rectus & upper cervical that Move the Head laterally assists stabilizing rectus flexes atlantooccipitaljoint capitisanterior head in 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved All insert name) originate on occipital on cervical bone of vertebrae skull (capitis & that Move the Head 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Posterior Rectus All Obliquuscapitissuperior capitisposterior muscles major & minor, Rectus obliquuscapitissuperior semispinaliscapitis capitisinferior lateralisin are extensors capitisposterior which of flexion head rotates of & assists except inferior, atlasobliquus rectus and capitis that Move major the rotates Head Semispinaliscapitisrotates Upper contralateralside ipsilateralside Trapeziusextend head head & rotate to head its to to 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Modified from Lindsay DT: Functional human anatomy, St. Louis, 1996, Mosby Posterior muscles that Move the Head 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Splenius Remaining capitis& sternocleidomastoid grouped Much larger & more powerful in moving column head & with cervical cervical muscles spine spine of vertebral muscles are that Move the Head 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Modified from Lindsay DT: Functional human anatomy, St. Louis, 1996, Mosby McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved
8 Sternocleidomastoid Both sides: extension of head at atlantooccipital joint & flexion of neck Right side: rotation to left & lateral flexion to right Left side: rotation to right & lateral flexion to left 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Splenius (cervicis, capitis) Both sides: extension of head (splenius capitis) & neck (splenius capitis and capitis) Right side: rotation & lateral flexion to right Left side: rotation & lateral flexion to left 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Cervical Posterior Longus area Erector collimuscles group, located flex cervical interspinal-intertransversegroup, spinaegroup, anteriorly & upper thoracic transversospinalis vertebrae of the Vertebral Column splenius All Location assist run vertically rotation enables parallel & them lateral to to extend flexion spine column and & Posterior Interspinal-intertransversegroup lie laterally do Interspinales deep not to rotatores»extensors»connect rotate flex & vertebrae extend of the from Vertebral spinous Column process to adjacent spinousprocess of vertebra one vertebra of From Seeley RR, Stephens TD, Tate P: Anatomy & physiology, ed 7, New York, 2006, McGraw-Hill McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Posterior Interspinalintertransversegroup Intertransversarii muscles»flex»connect column vertebral of laterally to the Vertebral Column transverse processes adjacent vertebraeof From Involved Diaphragm Responsible As almost entirely respiration Posterior When increased pressure it contracts larger & air for & is breathing flattens, inspired thoracic during to equalize quiet volume the rest is amounts of of air the are needed, Thorax exercise, significant other role in thoracic inspiration muscle have a more as in Seeley RR, Stephens TD, Tate P: Anatomy & physiology, ed 6, Dubuque, 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. IA, 2003, McGraw-Hill McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved
9 Scalene External muscles Levatorcostarum& elevate increase volumefirst thoracic 2 ribs to Posterior of the Thorax Internal further serratus inspiration intercostals transversusthoracis, expand the chest subcostalescontract force expiration intercostals, posterior to & Modified from Van De Graaff KM: Human anatomy, ed 4, New York, 1995, McGraw-Hill McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Erector Spinae (sacrospinalis) Iliocostalis (lateral layer) Longissimus (middle layer) Spinalis (medial layer) Extension, lateral flexion, & ipsilateral rotation of spine & head Anterior pelvic rotation Lateral pelvic rotation to contralateral side 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Rectus abdominis External Internal Transverse abdominis of the Abdominal Wall Rectus abdominis External Internal Transverse abdominis of the Abdominal Wall 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Rectus Abdominis Muscle Both sides: lumbar flexion Posterior pelvic rotation Right side: weak lateral flexion to right Left side: weak lateral flexion to left 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved External Oblique Abdominal Muscle Both sides: lumbar flexion Posterior pelvic rotation Right side: lumbar lateral flexion to right, rotation to left, & lateral pelvic rotation to left Left side: lumbar lateral flexion to left, rotation to right, & lateral pelvic rotation to right 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved
10 Internal Oblique Abdominal Muscle Both sides: lumbar flexion Posterior pelvic rotation Right side: lumbar lateral flexion to right, rotation to right, & lateral pelvic rotation to left Left side: lumbar lateral flexion to left, rotation to left, & lateral pelvic rotation to right 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Transversus Abdominis Muscle Forced expiration by pulling the wall inward 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Quadratus Lumborum Muscle Cervical Flexion Lateral flexion to ipsilateral side Extension of lumbar spine Stabilizes pelvis & lumbar spine Sternocleidomastoid Anterior pelvic rotation Lateral pelvic rotation to contralateral side 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Erector Spinae Cervical Extension Cervical Lateral Flexion Sternocleidomastoid Erector Spinae 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved
11 Cervical Rotation Sternocleidomastoid Rectus abdominis External Internal Lumbar Flexion 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Erector spinae Lumbar Extension Erector spinae External Internal Lumbar Lateral Flexion 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Rectus abdominis External Internal Lumbar Rotation 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved Web Sites Radiologic Anatomy Browser This site has numerous radiological views of the musculoskeletal system. Loyola University Medical Center: Structure of the Human Body An excellent site with many slides, dissections, tutorials, etc. for the study of human anatomy University of Arkansas Medical School Gross Anatomy for Medical Students Dissections, anatomy tables, atlas images, links, etc. Wheeless Textbook of Orthopaedics This site has an extensive index of links to the fractures, joints, muscles, nerves, trauma, medications, medical topics, lab tests, and links to orthopedic journals and other orthopedic and medical news McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved
12 Web Sites Premiere Medical Search Engine This site allows the reader to enter any medical condition and it will search the net to find relevant articles. Virtual Hospital Numerous slides, patient information, etc. Core Stability The muscles of the trunk, training techniques, and exercises Become Healthy Now.com: The Spine Anatomy and function of spine Web Sites Spine Universe Information on the spine for educating the public about technologies, services, treatments and research available on spinal disorders Stabilization Sensibility ilization.pdf A discussion on muscles of the Abdomen Hospital for Joint Disease Spine Center and Ligaments of the Spine 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved
Human Anatomy & Physiology
PowerPoint Lecture Slides prepared by Barbara Heard, Atlantic Cape Community College Ninth Edition Human Anatomy & Physiology C H A P T E R 7 The Skeleton: Part B Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images Vertebral
More informationMuscles of the Spinal Column. Chapter 12
Muscles of the Spinal Column Chapter 12 Cervical Muscles Splenius Splenius (capitis and cervicis) Origin: Cervicis spinous process of T3-T6 Capitis - lower half of ligmentum nuchea & spinous process of
More informationChapter 9 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle
Chapter 9 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle Manual of Structural Kinesiology R.T. Floyd, EdD, ATC, CSCS Hip relatively joint (acetabularfemoral) functions bony strong large stable due to The enhanced architecture
More informationLumbar Spine Anatomy. eorthopod.com 228 West Main St., Suite D Missoula, MT 59802-4345 Phone: 406-721-3072 Fax: 406-721-2619 info@eorthopod.
A Patient s Guide to Lumbar Spine Anatomy 228 West Main St., Suite D Missoula, MT 59802-4345 Phone: 406-721-3072 Fax: 406-721-2619 info@eorthopod.com DISCLAIMER: The information in this booklet is compiled
More informationMD 2016. Back Muscles & Movements Applied Anatomy. A/Prof Chris Briggs Anatomy & Neuroscience
MD 2016 Back Muscles & Movements Applied Anatomy A/Prof Chris Briggs Anatomy & Neuroscience WARNING This material has been provided to you pursuant to section 49 of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) for
More informationSkeletal System. Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column and Ribs
Skeletal System Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column and Ribs Functions Regions Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Primary & secondary curvatures There are three major functions of the vertebral column. First,
More informationThoracic Spine Anatomy
A Patient s Guide to Thoracic Spine Anatomy 228 West Main, Suite C Missoula, MT 59802 Phone: info@spineuniversity.com DISCLAIMER: The information in this booklet is compiled from a variety of sources.
More informationVertebral anatomy study guide. Human Structure Summer 2015. Prepared by Daniel Schmitt, Angel Zeininger, and Karyne Rabey.
Vertebral anatomy study guide. Human Structure Summer 2015 Prepared by Daniel Schmitt, Angel Zeininger, and Karyne Rabey. 1. Plan of Action: In this guide you will learn to identify these structures: Cervical
More informationBasic techniques of pulmonary physical therapy (I) 100/04/24
Basic techniques of pulmonary physical therapy (I) 100/04/24 Evaluation of breathing function Chart review History Chest X ray Blood test Observation/palpation Chest mobility Shape of chest wall Accessory
More informationChapter 5. The Shoulder Joint. The Shoulder Joint. Bones. Bones. Bones
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Reprinted by permission. Chapter 5 The Shoulder Joint Structural Kinesiology R.T. Floyd, Ed.D, ATC, CSCS Structural Kinesiology The Shoulder Joint 5-1 The Shoulder
More informationby joseph e. muscolino, DO photography by yanik chauvin
by joseph e. muscolino, DO photography by yanik chauvin body mechanics palpation of the anterior neck ESOUCES For more information go to www.medlineplus.gov and search under anterior neck. The anterior
More informationLectures of Human Anatomy
Lectures of Human Anatomy Vertebral Column-I By DR. ABDEL-MONEM AWAD HEGAZY M.B. with honor 1983, Dipl."Gynecology and Obstetrics "1989, Master "Anatomy and Embryology" 1994, M.D. "Anatomy and Embryology"
More informationChapter 9 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Reprinted by permission. The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle Chapter 9 The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle Structural Kinesiology R.T. Floyd, Ed.D, ATC, CSCS Hip joint
More informationThe Pilates Studio of Los Angeles / PilatesCertificationOnline.com
Anatomy Review Part I Anatomical Terminology and Review Questions (through pg. 80) Define the following: 1. Sagittal Plane 2. Frontal or Coronal Plane 3. Horizontal Plane 4. Superior 5. Inferior 6. Anterior
More informationStructure and Function of the Hip
Structure and Function of the Hip Objectives Identify the bones and bony landmarks of the hip and pelvis Identify and describe the supporting structures of the hip joint Describe the kinematics of the
More informationAnatomy and Physiology 121: Muscles of the Human Body
Epicranius Anatomy and Physiology 121: Muscles of the Human Body Covers upper cranium Raises eyebrows, surprise, headaches Parts Frontalis Occipitalis Epicranial aponeurosis Orbicularis oculi Ring (sphincter)
More informationDivisions of the Skeletal System
OpenStax-CNX module: m46344 1 Divisions of the Skeletal System OpenStax College This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end of this
More informationClarification of Terms
Shoulder Girdle Clarification of Terms Shoulder girdle = scapula and clavicle Shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) = scapula and humerus What is the purpose (or function) of the shoulder and entire upper
More informationUnderstanding back pain 1 The anatomy & physiology of back pain
Understanding back pain 1 The anatomy & physiology of back pain Dr James Tang, MBA, BDS, LDS RCS General Dental Practitioner, Level 3 Personal Trainer (REP registration no R1045463), Sports Nutritionist
More informationChapter 7 The Wrist and Hand Joints
Chapter 7 The Wrist and Hand Manual of Structural Kinesiology R.T. Floyd, EdD, ATC, CSCS Many Archery, Relate wrist require sports require precise functioning of flexion, & hand & hand functional combined
More informationStability of the spine modelled as an arch
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Stability of the spine modelled as an arch This item was submitted to Loughborough University's Institutional Repository by the/an author. Citation: XIAO,
More informationAnatomy of the Spine. Figure 1. (left) The spine has three natural curves that form an S-shape; strong muscles keep our spine in alignment.
1 2 Anatomy of the Spine Overview The spine is made of 33 individual bony vertebrae stacked one on top of the other. This spinal column provides the main support for your body, allowing you to stand upright,
More informationRon Schenk PT, PhD 1
Ron Schenk PT, PhD 1 Objectives Describe the anatomy of the neck (cervical spine) and low back (lumbar spine) Describe the risk factors associated with neck and low back injury Describe physical therapy
More informationAnatomy and Terminology of the Spine. Bones of the Spine (Vertebrae)
Anatomy and Terminology of the Spine The spine, also called the spinal column, vertebral column or backbone, consists of bones, intervertebral discs, ligaments, and joints. In addition, the spine serves
More informationMuscles of Mastication
Muscles of Mastication Masseter Zygomatic Arch Mandibular angle Elevates mandible Mandibular ramus Temporalis Temporal fossa of the temporal bone Coronoid process of the mandible Elevates mandible Retracts
More informationSPINE. Postural Malalignments 4/9/2015. Cervical Spine Evaluation. Thoracic Spine Evaluation. Observations. Assess position of head and neck
SPINE Observations Body type Postural alignments and asymmetries should be observed from all views Assess height differences between anatomical landmarks Figure 25-9 Figure 25-10 Figure 25-11 & 12 Postural
More informationSpine Anatomy and Spine General The purpose of the spine is to help us stand and sit straight, move, and provide protection to the spinal cord.
Spine Anatomy and Spine General The purpose of the spine is to help us stand and sit straight, move, and provide protection to the spinal cord. Normal List Kyphosis The human spine has 7 Cervical vertebra
More informationKen Ross BSc ST, Nat Dip ST
Ken Ross BSc ST, Nat Dip ST Trunk Most people will suffer from back pain at some point in their lives. Good spinal posture places minimal strain on the muscles which maintain the natural curve of the spine
More informationHow to Get and Keep a Healthy Back. Amy Eisenson, B.S. Exercise Physiologist
How to Get and Keep a Healthy Back Amy Eisenson, B.S. Exercise Physiologist Lesson Objectives Statistics of Back Pain Anatomy of the Spine Causes of Back Pain Four Work Factors Core Muscles Connection
More informationProblems. Knowing. back of the
Introduction Welcome to BodyZone Physiotherapy patient resource about Cervical Spine Problems. Knowing the main parts of your neck and how these parts work is important as you learn to care for your neck
More informationAmerican Osteopathic Academy of Sports Medicine James McCrossin MS ATC, CSCS Philadelphia Flyers April 23 rd, 2015
American Osteopathic Academy of Sports Medicine James McCrossin MS ATC, CSCS Philadelphia Flyers April 23 rd, 2015 Coming together is a beginning; keeping together is progress; working together is success.
More informationAvoid The Dreaded Back Injury by Proper Lifting Techniques
Avoid The Dreaded Back Injury by Proper Lifting Techniques If you ve ever strained your back while lifting something, you ll know the importance of lifting safely. Agenda Introduction About the Back The
More informationSPINE ANATOMY AND PROCEDURES. Tulsa Spine & Specialty Hospital 6901 S. Olympia Avenue Tulsa, Oklahoma 74132
SPINE ANATOMY AND PROCEDURES Tulsa Spine & Specialty Hospital 6901 S. Olympia Avenue Tulsa, Oklahoma 74132 SPINE ANATOMY The spine consists of 33 bones called vertebrae. The top 7 are cervical, or neck
More informationPHYSIOLOGY AND MAINTENANCE Vol. IV - Lumbar Muscle Function and Dysfunction in Low Back Pain - Markku Kankaanpää
LUMBAR MUSCLE FUNCTION AND DYSFUNCTION IN LOW BACK PAIN Markku Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kuopio University Hospital, and Department of Physiology, University of Kuopio, Finland
More informationNETWORK FITNESS FACTS THE HIP
NETWORK FITNESS FACTS THE HIP The Hip Joint ANATOMY OF THE HIP The hip bones are divided into 5 areas, which are: Image: www.health.com/health/static/hw/media/medical/hw/ hwkb17_042.jpg The hip joint is
More informationA Patient s Guide to Artificial Cervical Disc Replacement
A Patient s Guide to Artificial Cervical Disc Replacement Each year, hundreds of thousands of adults are diagnosed with Cervical Disc Degeneration, an upper spine condition that can cause pain and numbness
More informationSpinal Anatomy. * MedX research contends that the lumbar region really starts at T-11, based upon the attributes of the vertebra.
Spinal Anatomy Overview Neck and back pain, especially pain in the lower back, is one of the most common health problems in adults. Fortunately, most back and neck pain is temporary, resulting from short-term
More informationSKELETON AND JOINTS G.C.S.E. PHYSICAL EDUCATION. Unit 1. Factors Affecting Participation and Performance. G.C.S.E. P.E. Teacher:.
G.C.S.E. PHYSICAL EDUCATION Unit 1 Factors Affecting Participation and Performance SKELETON AND JOINTS Name: G.C.S.E. P.E. Teacher:. By the end of this booklet you should be able to: Understand what the
More informationPatient Information. Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery (LLIF).
Patient Information. Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery (LLIF). Understanding your spine Disc Between each pair of vertebrae there is a disc that acts as a cushion to protect the vertebra, allows
More informationMovement in the human body occurs at joint
Biomechanics of The Spine Richard A. Banton, DPT, OCS, CMPT, ATC Movement in the human body occurs at joint surfaces; movement occurs with bones; movement of muscles moves the bones; coordinated movements
More informationSpine Biomechanics, Intervertebral Disc &LBP
Spine Biomechanics, Intervertebral Disc &LBP Spine Cervical Spine Seven vertebrae C 1-71 More flexible Supports the head Wide range of motion Rotation to left and right Flexion Up and down Peripheral
More informationPatient Information. Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Surgery (ACDF).
Patient Information. Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Surgery (ACDF). Understanding your spine Disc Between each pair of vertebrae there is a disc that acts as a cushion to protect the vertebra,
More informationTHE LUMBAR SPINE (BACK)
THE LUMBAR SPINE (BACK) At a glance Chronic back pain, especially in the area of the lumbar spine (lower back), is a widespread condition. It can be assumed that 75 % of all people have it sometimes or
More informationArchitectural Design and Function of Human Back Muscles
3 C H A P T E R Architectural Design and Function of Human Back Muscles Anita Vasavada, PhD Samuel R. Ward, PT, PhD Scott Delp, PhD Richard L. Lieber, PhD S E C T O N Spinal muscles generate movements
More informationEffective Treatments for the Neck
Effective Treatments for the Neck A manual therapy course to improve your treatment of radicular pain and foraminal impingement syndromes www.advancedmassageeducation.com 1 Effective Treatments for the
More informationSpine Evaluation. Copyright 2004, Yoshiyuki Shiratori. All right reserved.
Spine Evaluation 1. History Chief Complaint: A. What happened? B. Is it a sharp or dull pain? C. How long have you had the pain? D. Can you pinpoint the pain? E. Do you have any numbness or tingling? Mechanism:
More informationChapter 4 The Shoulder Girdle
Chapter 4 The Shoulder Girdle Key Manubrium Clavicle Coracoidprocess Acromionprocess bony landmarks Glenoid fossa Bones Lateral Inferior Medial border angle McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
More informationPilates for Kyphosis A BASI Pilates program designed to help correct thoracic kyphosis
Pilates for Kyphosis A BASI Pilates program designed to help correct thoracic kyphosis 1 Lucy Penrose 19/01/2014 Wimbledon UK, April 2013 Abstract Kyphosis refers to an exaggerated curve in the thoracic
More informationUnit 4: Skeletal System Test Review Test Review
Name: Period: Unit 4: Skeletal System Test Review Test Review 1. List four functions of the skeletal system: a. b. c. d. 2. Define ossification and identify the roles of the osteoblasts, osteocytes, and
More informationLab 5 Overview of the Skeleton: Classification and Structure of Bones and Cartilages Exercise 9 The Axial Skeleton Exercise 10
Lab 5 Overview of the Skeleton: Classification and Structure of Bones and Cartilages Exercise 9 The Axial Skeleton Exercise 10 Overview of the Skeleton Locate the important cartilages in the human skeleton
More informationThe One-Leg Standing Test and the Active Straight Leg Raise Test: A Clinical Interpretation of Two Tests of Load Transfer through the Pelvic Girdle
Diane Lee BSR, FCAMT, CGIMS Published in the Orthopaedic Division Review 2005 I read with interest and some concern the discussion in the last issue of the Orthopaedic Division Review on evidence based
More informationIf you or a loved one have suffered because of a negligent error during spinal surgery, you will be going through a difficult time.
If you or a loved one have suffered because of a negligent error during spinal surgery, you will be going through a difficult time. You may be worried about your future, both in respect of finances and
More informationContact your Doctor or Nurse for more information.
A spinal cord injury is damage to your spinal cord that affects your movement, feeling, or the way your organs work. The injury can happen by cutting, stretching, or swelling of the spinal cord. Injury
More informationMuscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column Sternocleidomastoid (anterior neck) Origin Insertion Action
Muscular movements of the head (at the cervical spine/neck) and of the torso (thoracic and lumbar spine/upper, middle, and lower back): flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation. Muscles of the Neck
More informationTHE SHOULDER JOINT T H E G L E N O H U M E R A L ( G H ) J O I N T
THE SHOULDER JOINT T H E G L E N O H U M E R A L ( G H ) J O I N T CLARIFICATION OF TERMS Shoulder girdle = scapula and clavicle Shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) = scapula and humerus Lippert, p115
More informationBreakout 2 - OMT for the Lumbar Spine and Sacrum Gretta A. Gross, DO
Breakout 2 - OMT for the Lumbar Spine and Sacrum Gretta A. Gross, DO Osteopathic Diagnosis and Treatment of the Lumbar Spine and Sacrum Gretta A. Gross, DO, MMedEd, FACOFP DOME/PD Houston Healthcare Family
More informationNeck Manual. Anatomy of Relevant Structures
Neck Manual Anatomy of Relevant Structures Spinal Structure Vertebrae Spinous & Transverse Processes Vertebral & Basilar Arteries Zygapophysial Joints Intervertebral Discs Vertebrae The vertebral bodies
More informationAnatomy & Physiology 120. Lab #7 Muscle Tissue and Skeletal Muscles
Anatomy & Physiology 120 Lab #7 Muscle Tissue and Skeletal Muscles What you Need to Know Look briefly at the Structure of: 1) Skeletal, 2) Smooth & 3) Cardiac Muscle Naming, Identification, Functions You
More informationSpinal Exercise Program/Core Stabilization Program Adapted from The Spine in Sports: Robert G. Watkins
Spinal Exercise Program/Core Stabilization Program Adapted from The Spine in Sports: Robert G. Watkins Below is a description of a Core Stability Program, designed to improve the strength and coordination
More informationStudy on Structural Behaviour of Human Vertebral Column Using Staad.Pro
Study on Structural Behaviour of Human Vertebral Column Using Staad.Pro Healtheephan alexis. S Post graduate student, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore 641 013 healtheephan@yahoo.com ABSTRACT
More informationFINDING NEUTRAL SPINE POSITION
FINDING NEUTRAL SPINE POSITION It seems everywhere you look people are talking about the benefits of being able to achieve and maintain a neutral spinal alignment. Most exercise regimes and especially
More informationLumbar Spinal Stenosis
Copyright 2009 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Almost everyone will experience low back pain at some point in their lives. A common cause of low back pain is lumbar spinal
More information.org. Fractures of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine. Cause. Description
Fractures of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Page ( 1 ) Spinal fractures can vary widely in severity. While some fractures are very serious injuries that require emergency treatment, other fractures can
More informationWhiplash Injuries - A Modern Epidemic
Ch 1 'Whiplash' 10/5/04 11:03 am Page 5 1 Whiplash Injuries - A Modern Epidemic INTRODUCTION The existence of whiplash injury following a road traffic accident has been the subject of much controversy.
More informationMcMaster Spikeyball Therapy Drills
BODY BLOCKS In sequencing Breathing and Tempo Flexibility / Mobility and Proprioception (feel) Upper body segment Middle body segment Lower body segment Extension / Static Posture Office / Computer Travel
More informationTemple Physical Therapy
Temple Physical Therapy A General Overview of Common Neck Injuries For current information on Temple Physical Therapy related news and for a healthy and safe return to work, sport and recreation Like Us
More informationSCOLIOSIS: WHAT TO DO? Part Two by Miita Mazzali Fulgenzi Certified Advanced Rolfer Rolf Movement Practitioner
SCOLIOSIS: WHAT TO DO? Part Two by Miita Mazzali Fulgenzi Certified Advanced Rolfer Rolf Movement Practitioner Published on Rolf Lines vol. XXVII, n.4 - Fall 2000 Available in the original Italian at the
More informationNervous System: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves (Chapter 13) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College
Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves (Chapter 13) Lecture Materials for Amy Warenda Czura, Ph.D. Suffolk County Community College Primary Sources for figures and content: Eastern Campus Marieb,
More informationA Patient s Guide to Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH)
A Patient s Guide to Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH) Introduction Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH) is a phenomenon that more commonly affects older males. It is associated
More informationThe Importance of Developing a Primary Core Stability Protocol
The Importance of Developing a Primary Core Stability Protocol Angela M. Homan, SPT Duke University Doctor of Physical Therapy Intern SportsMedicine of Atlanta Dr Robert E DuVall PT, DHSc, MMSc, ATC, OCS,
More informationits lifetime. The skeletal system is divided into: 1. Axial Division: bones of the body s axis (skulll, ribs, vertebrae)
The Axial Skeleton The basic features of the human skeleton have been shaped by evolution, but the detailed characteristics of each bone reflect the stresses put on it. As a result, the skeleton changes
More informationVivian Gonzalez Gillian Lieberman, MD. January 2002. Lumbar Spine Trauma. Vivian Gonzalez, Harvard Medical School Year III Gillian Lieberman, MD
January 2002 Lumbar Spine Trauma Vivian Gonzalez, Harvard Medical School Year III Agenda Anatomy and Biomechanics of Lumbar Spine Three-Column Concept Classification of Fractures Our Patient Imaging Modalities
More informationAnatomy and Pathomechanics of the Sacrum and Pelvis. Charles R. Thompson Head Athletic Trainer Princeton University
Anatomy and Pathomechanics of the Sacrum and Pelvis Charles R. Thompson Head Athletic Trainer Princeton University Simplify Everything There are actually only three bones: Two innominates, one sacrum.
More informationBACK PAIN: WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW
BACK PAIN: WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW Diane Metzer LOWER BACK PAIN Nearly everyone at some point has back pain that interferes with work, recreation and routine daily activities. Four out of five adults experience
More informationLower Back Pain An Educational Guide
Lower Back Pain An Educational Guide A publication from the Center of Pain Medicine and Physiatric Rehabilitation 2002 Medical Parkway Ste 150 1630 Main St Ste 215 Annapolis, MD 21401 Chester, MD 21619
More informationOptions for Cervical Disc Degeneration A Guide to the Fusion Arm of the M6 -C Artificial Disc Study
Options for Cervical Disc Degeneration A Guide to the Fusion Arm of the M6 -C Artificial Disc Study Each year, hundreds of thousands of adults are diagnosed with Cervical Disc Degeneration, an upper spine
More informationCHAPTER 3: BACK & ABDOMINAL STRETCHES. Standing Quad Stretch Athletic Edge - www.athleticedge.biz - (650) 815-6552
CHAPTER : BACK & ABDOMINAL STRETCHES Standing Quad Stretch ) Stand and grasp right ankle with same hand, use a wall or chair to Lower maintain Back balance with left hand. Maintain an upright Stretches
More informationAnterior Superior Iliac Spine. Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine. head neck greater trochanter intertrochanteric line lesser trochanter
Ilium Bones The Skeleton Ischium Pubis Sacro-iliac Joint Iliac Crest Anterior Superior Superior Pubic Ramus Anterior Inferior Acetabulum Obturator Foramen Ischio-pubic ramus Ischial tuberosity Pubic Crest
More informationLaerdal' Human Anatomy Manual The Skeleton
Human Anatomy Manual The Skeleton Laerdal Texas P.O. Box 38.226 EM. 116 Gatesville,Texas U.S.A.76528 U.S.A.1-800-433-5539 IntemationaI1-254-865-7221 24 Hour Fax 254-865-8011 ~ Laerdal' TABLE OF CONTENTS
More informationby Ellen Saltonstall and Dr. Loren Fishman
10 Yoga Poses for Low Back Pain Prevention by Ellen Saltonstall and Dr. Loren Fishman Introduction This series of poses is designed to prevent future back pain and also to relieve back pain that you may
More informationEach year, hundreds of thousands of adults are diagnosed with Cervical Disc Degeneration, The Cervical Spine. What is the Cervical Spine?
Each year, hundreds of thousands of adults are diagnosed with Cervical Disc Degeneration, an upper spine condition that can cause pain and numbness in the neck, shoulders, arms, and even hands. This patient
More informationI tro r duct c io i n t o Exercise Technique
Introduction to Exercise Technique Is Exercise Technique Important? It is the actual technique used for a resistance training exercise that determines; The precise movement pattern the body will be attempting
More informationSheet 1A. Treating short/tight muscles using MET. Pectorals. Upper trapezius. Levator scapula
Sheet 1A Treating short/tight muscles using MET Pectorals Once daily lie at edge of bed holding a half-kilo can, arm out sideways. Raise arm and hold for 10 seconds, then allow arm to hang down, stretching
More informationDSM Spine+Sport - Mobility
To set yourself up for success, practice keeping a neutral spine throughout all of these movements. This will ensure the tissue mobilization is being applied to the correct area, and make the techniques
More informationThe Petrylaw Lawsuits Settlements and Injury Settlement Report
The Petrylaw Lawsuits Settlements and Injury Settlement Report BACK INJURIES How Minnesota Juries Decide the Value of Pain and Suffering in Back Injury Cases The Petrylaw Lawsuits Settlements and Injury
More informationInfo. from the nurses of the Medical Service. LOWER BACK PAIN Exercise guide
Info. from the nurses of the Medical Service LOWER BACK PAIN Exercise guide GS/ME 03/2009 EXERCISE GUIDE One of the core messages for people suffering with lower back pain is to REMAIN ACTIVE. This leaflet
More informationProtrusions and slipped discs as phenomena originated by compression A new approach with the global non-compensated muscular stretching
Protrusions and slipped discs as phenomena originated by compression A new approach with the global non-compensated muscular stretching Authors: prof. Daniele RAGGI Degree in Sport Science, Physiotherapist,
More informationX-Plain Neck Exercises Reference Summary
X-Plain Neck Exercises Reference Summary Introduction Exercising your neck can make it stronger, more flexible and reduce neck pain that is caused by stress and fatigue. This reference summary describes
More informationSpine Conditioning Program Purpose of Program
Prepared for: Prepared by: OrthoInfo Purpose of Program After an injury or surgery, an exercise conditioning program will help you return to daily activities and enjoy a more active, healthy lifestyle.
More informationTreatment of Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction. Movement of sacrum on ilium
Treatment of Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction Movement of sacrum on ilium Sacroiliac Joint Axes Superior Middle Inferior Right Oblique Left Oblique Sacroiliac Joint Movement Nutation: : Anterior nutation or
More informationChapter 11. What are the functions of the skeletal system? More detail on bone
Skeletal System Chapter 11 11.1 Overview of the skeletal system What are the functions of the skeletal system? 1. Supports the body 2. Protects the soft body parts 3. Produces blood cells 4. Stores minerals
More informationCHAPTER 32 QUIZ. Handout 32-1. Write the letter of the best answer in the space provided.
Handout 32-1 QUIZ Write the letter of the best answer in the space provided. 1. All of the following are signs and symptoms in patients with spinal injuries except A. paralysis. C. hyperglycemia. B. priapism.
More informationTHE SKELETAL SYSTEM - THE AXIAL SKELETON
THE SKELETAL SYSTEM - THE AXIAL SKELETON Chapter 7 Anatomy and Physiology Lecture 1 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM THE AXIAL SKELETON Skeletal System forms the framework of the body. TYPES OF BONES: FOUR PRINCIPAL
More informationSpine University s Guide to Kinetic MRIs Detect Disc Herniations
Spine University s Guide to Kinetic MRIs Detect Disc Herniations 2 Introduction Traditionally, doctors use a procedure called magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose disc injuries. Kinetic magnetic
More informationLUMBAR LAMINECTOMY AND DISCECTOMY. Basic Anatomical Landmarks: Posterior View Lumbar Spine
Lumbar Relating to the loins or the section of the back and sides between the ribs and the pelvis. In the spinal column, the last five vertebrae (from superior to inferior, L1-L5) Laminectomy Surgical
More informationBIOL 4260 Human Evolu3onary Anatomy Lecture 5: Bone Development & Trunk Anatomy. Lecture 2: Fossil Record
BIOL 4260 Human Evolu3onary Anatomy Lecture 5: Bone Development & Trunk Anatomy Lecture 2: Fossil Record Segmentation Cyclic genescreate segme ntation clock for somite production Final #s 4 occipital 8
More informationOptimal Nutrition For Post Natal Recovery and Healing
Optimal Nutrition For Post Natal Recovery and Healing Module 2: The Post Natal Core Structure, Function,Trauma and Healing The Rectus Abdominus Tutor: Jenny Burrell BSc (Hons), Dip SMRT, Founder of Burrell
More informationInternational Standards for the Classification of Spinal Cord Injury Motor Exam Guide
C5 Elbow Flexors Biceps Brachii, Brachialis Patient Position: The shoulder is in neutral rotation, neutral flexion/extension, and adducted. The elbow is fully extended, with the forearm in full supination.
More informationAnatomy and Pathology of Spine Surgery By Henry F. Fabian Jr., M.D.
Anatomy and Pathology of Spine Surgery By Henry F. Fabian Jr., M.D. The human spine is an incredibly complex piece of machinery with a remarkable range of function and motion. If you have ever witness
More informationOptions for Cervical Disc Degeneration A Guide to the M6-C. clinical study
Options for Cervical Disc Degeneration A Guide to the M6-C clinical study Each year, hundreds of thousands of adults are diagnosed with Cervical Disc Degeneration, an upper spine condition that can cause
More information