Field Photography for Diagnosis

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Candice Flora Maxwell
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1 Field Photography for Diagnosis

2 This presentation is intended to assist First Detectors in capturing and submitting effective digital photos to support plant disease diagnostics. This presentation is intended to help you understand different types of digital cameras available the use of digital photography in relaying important information to diagnosticians post-processing techniques for editing images lab requirements for digital image submission

3 Note and record observations. First Detectors in the Field Ask questions. Bring a cell phone to call your local extension office. Recreate the scenario for those who cannot be in the field using digital images! County agent in Georgia Joseph LaForest, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org, #

4 You are walking through the field and notice that the crop appears unhealthy, and you are unsure about the source of the problem. What do you do? a) Take a plant sample to give to your county agricultural agent. This is a good idea. Work with your local county extension office to get a sample submitted to your state diagnostic lab. b) Take a series of photos of the field including the affected plants and close ups of signs or symptoms for your county agricultural agent. Good idea. A series of digital images is often helpful when submitted with a plant sample. These images are also important if a live sample is difficult to get to the diagnostician. c) Ignore the signs and symptoms because they cannot be harvested. No. Ignoring the unhealthy crop may lead to larger problems.

5 Digital Image Submission Successes Weed/Plant ID 73% Plant Disease 25% Crop Insects 68% Insects non-crop 50% Nutritional and Cultural problems 8 % Florida DDIS, 2003

6 Getting Started: First Detectors & Field Photography Be prepared! Bring a camera to the field. Digital images are useful for enhancing accurate documentation. Digital images overcome obstacles of speed, distance and sample degradation. Stephanie Stocks, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida

7 Point and Shoot Camera Options Digital SLR Camera Stephanie Stocks, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida

8 Advantages Point and Shoot Cameras Small and lightweight Zoom and macro capabilities Inexpensive Disadvantages Automatic settings may be difficult to override Camera is usually not part of an expandable system Stephanie Stocks, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida

9 Advantages Digital SLR Cameras Manual settings accommodate difficult lighting Belongs to a system of interchangeable parts to expand capabilities Disadvantages Large and heavy Expensive Stephanie Stocks, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida

10 Digital SLR System

11 Characteristics of Poor Quality Photos Out of focus Shadows Poor lighting Busy background Dawn Dailey O Brien, Cornell University.

12 Characteristics of Good Quality Images Sharply Focused Good Exposure Proper Lighting Uniform Background A Series of Images Dawn Dailey O Brien, Cornell University, bugwood.org, #

13 Characteristics of Good Quality Images Sharply Focused Focus and Macro Camera/Specimen Stability

14 Sharply Focused: Focus and Macro Mode

15 Sharply Focused: Camera and Specimen Stability

16 Characteristics of Good Quality Images Good exposure ISO Good Exposure Under exposed Over exposed Good exposure will look like a bell curve in the histogram.

17 Good Exposure: ISO Under-exposed Over-exposed

18 Good Exposure: ISO In P mode: Add or subtract exposure by adjusting the F-stop value. (Check your camera manual.)

19 Good Exposure: ISO

20 Characteristics of Good Quality Images Proper Lighting Photographer s Body Position Flash (ON/OFF)

21 Proper Lighting: Photographer s Body Position Front Lighting

22 Proper Lighting: Photographer s Body Position Back lighting

23 Proper Lighting: Photographer s Body Position Transparency and Back lighting

24 Proper Lighting: Photographer s Body Position With Shadow Shadows here are distracting to the diagnostician

25 Proper Lighting: Flash ON/OFF Flash ON Flash OFF Dawn Dailey O Brien, Cornell University.

26 Characteristics of Good Quality Images Uniform Background Dawn Dailey O Brien, Cornell University.

27 Characteristics of Good Quality Images A Series of Images What is the size of the outbreak? Is the problem isolated or spread out? Are there patterns? Are there visible signs and symptoms? Symptom variability? What plant part(s) are affected? Host specificity? Are there environmental conditions that contribute?

28 First Detector Photography Tools Scale Gray card Notebook and/or audio clips for documentation

29 Post Processing Download images from camera to computer Open images in an image editing program (i.e. Adobe Photoshop or Photoshop Elements) Delete pictures that are out of focus, blurred, or exposed poorly Use editing tools (such as Levels) to optimize exposure Fix color balance Reduce file size for

30 Post Processing: Exposure

31 Post Processing: Exposure

32 Post Processing: Exposure

33 Post Processing: Exposure

34 Post Processing: Color Imbalances

35 Post Processing: Color Imbalances Select the middle eyedropper and then click on the gray card. The result is an image that looks like how it appears in real live.

36 Post Processing: Reduce File Size for

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43 Diagnostician Requirements Appropriate documentation using digital photography and a written detailed description. Up to 5 photos that visually recreate what was observed in the field File(s) sized for viewing on a computer Biological samples to assist or confirm diagnosis. See NPDN Sample Submission module for instructions

44 Contact: Always check with your state diagnostician if you have sample questions To find your local NPDN lab or for more information on the NPDN NPDN First Detector Training Website Questions?

45 Authors, Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Rachel L. McCarthy, NEPDN Education and Training Coordinator, Department of Plant Pathology and Plant- Microbe Biology, Cornell University Amy Peterson Dunfee, NCPDN Teaching and Education Coordinator Dept. of Plant Pathology Michigan State University

46 Editors Lyle J. Buss, M.S., Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida Eric LeVeen, B.S., Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida Stephanie Stocks, M.S., Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida

47 Reviewers Richard Hoenisch M.S., WPDN, Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis Gail Ruhl, M.S., Department of Plant Pathology, Purdue University Sharon Dobesh, M.S., Associate Director, GPDN, Kansas State University

48 NPDN Partners United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Plant Protection and Quarantine (USDA APHIS PPQ) Local and Regional Integrated Pest Management Programs Cooperative Agriculture Pest Survey Program (CAPS) National Plant board and State Departments of Agriculture Extension Disaster Education Network (EDEN) Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health (Bugwood)

49 Publication Details This publication can be used for non-profit, educational use only purposes. Photographers retain copyright to photographs or other images contained in this publication as cited. This material was developed as part of the NPDN First Detector Training Course. Authors and the website should be properly cited. Images or photographs should also be properly cited and credited to the original source. Original Publication Date: December 2006 Updated August 2013

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