Design of Wind Energy System on the Building Tower Applications

Transcription

1 ISSN(Online): ISSN (Pint) : (An ISO 397: 7 Cetified Oganization) Vol. 4, Issue, Febuay 5 Design of Wind Enegy System on the Building owe Applications D.Anusha, L V Suesh Kuma, G.V. Nagesh kuma 3 PG Student, Dept. of EEE, GMR Institute of echnology, Rajam, Andha Padesh, India. Assistant Pofesso, Dept. of EEE, GMR Institute Of echnology, Rajam, Andha Padesh, India Associate Pofesso, Dept. of EEE, GIAM Univesity, Visakhapatnam, India 3. ABSRAC: Renewable enegy souces ae placed vital Renewable system placed vital ole in the electical powe geneation due to educing of fossil fuels. Wind enegy system most popula geneation in enewable system.wind tubine integated with towe building moe popula in wind enegy system.. A wind enegy convesion system diffes fom a conventional powe system. he output of the geneato depends up on the wind chaacte so, whee as the powe output of a wind enegy system on the wind chaacte only. he appeal of integating wind tubines in to ou buildings is stong. Rooftops ae elevated above gound, whee it s winde: the electicity is geneated ight whee it s needed: and wind enegy can make a stong visual statement this natue of wind enegy system makes it difficult fo analysis, design and management. Vaious appoaches have been developed to study the behavio of wind enegy system. A valid choice fo Opeation of such systems may be the use of the induction machine. he study pesent powe and toque chaacteistics of the wind enegy system using the model of the induction machine with diffeent pitch angle position applied diffeent wind conditions. Induction geneatos diven with gea box and wind tubine system simulation esults ae developed in MALAB fo building towe applications. KEYWORDS: Wind gea box, Induction geneato, Vaiation with time, Wind tubine. I. INRODUCION Hanessing enewable altenative enegy is the ideal way to tackle the enegy cisis, with due consideation given to envionmental pollution, that looms lage ove the wold. Renewable enegy is the enegy which is fom natual esouces like sola, wind and wave enegy. Renewable enegy is also called "clean enegy" o "geen powe" because it doesn t pollute the ai o the wate. Wind enegy is one such enewable enegy souce that hanesses natual wind powe. It poved a potential souce fo geneation of electicity with minimal envionmental impact; it is the fastestgowing souce fo electic powe geneation. Building towes is constucted depends on wind conditions only so on the towe suface the wind speed is nealy 75m/h to 9m/h. accoding to that wind speed geneate wind powe on towe. On the suface of the towe continuity wind flow happen so continuity powe geneation happen. he appeal of integating wind tubines in to ou buildings is stong. Rooftops ae elevated above gound, whee it s winde; the electicity is geneated ight whee it s needed; and wind enegy can make a stong visual statement. he wind industy pusued the significant economies of scale with lage tubines, leading to machines with output in the tens of kw, then hundeds of kw, then in the megawatt (MW) scale. Copyight to IJIRSE DOI:.568/IJIRSE

2 ISSN(Online): ISSN (Pint) : (An ISO 397: 7 Cetified Oganization) Vol. 4, Issue, Febuay 5 Fig. wind tubine system integated with towe building he wind industy pusued the significant economies of scale with lage tubines, leading to machines with best contolles. System design equied knowledge of epesentative aveage wind conditions, as well as infomation on the tubulent natue of the wind. his infomation is used in the design of a wind tubine intended fo a paticula site, using aeodynamic pinciples; wind enegy is conveted into mechanical enegy which is given as input to the induction geneato. Wind enegy system based on the wind chaacteistics. Vaiation of wind speed in time, Shot-tem wind speed vaiations of inteest include amp and gust. Show the output fom an anemomete, shows the type of shot tem wind speed vaiations that nominally exist. Vaious appoaches have been developed to study the behaviou of wind enegy system. A valid choice fo Opeation of such systems may be the use of the induction machine. he study pesent powe and toque chaacteistics of the wind enegy system using the model of the induction machine with diffeent pitch angle position applied diffeent wind conditions. II. MODEL OF WIND SPEED he model of the wind chaacte is vey impotant in paticula location fo design of wind tubine. he model of the wind should be able to simulate the tempoal vaiations of the wind velocity, which consists of gusts and amp wind speed changes shown in Fig. he wind velocity can be witten as V W V V V () Wb Wg W Copyight to IJIRSE DOI:.568/IJIRSE

3 ISSN(Online): ISSN (Pint) : (An ISO 397: 7 Cetified Oganization) Vol. 4, Issue, Febuay 5 Fig. wind speed pofile used fo simulation he cut in velocity- the wind speed at which the tubine stats to geneate powe, the cut out velocity-the wind speed at which the wind tubine is shut down to keep loads and geneato powe fom eaching damaging levels, the ated velocity- the wind speed at which the wind tubine eaches ated tubine powe. this is often but not always, the maximum powe. he base wind speed is a constant and is given by V Wb C (Constant) () he gust component is epesented as a (-cosine) tem and is given by t t Vwg C COS t (3) t C is maximum value of the gust is stat time of the gust is stop time of the gust he apid wind speed changes ae epesented by a amp function and given by V t 3 t 3 w C 3 3 t 4 4 (4) 3 t 4 C 3 is the maximum value of the amp 3 is stat time of the amp 3 is stat time of the amp, Equations () to (4) ae used to model the wind chaacteistics and esults ae pesented. III. AERODYNAMIC MODEL he wind tubine continuously extacts kinetic enegy fom the wind by deceleating the ai mass, and feeds it to the geneato as mechanical powe. he aeodynamic model of the wind tubine is necessay because it gives a coupling between the wind speed and the mechanical toque poduced by the wind tubine. he mechanical powe (P M ), poduced by the wind tubine oto can be defined as above. Copyight to IJIRSE DOI:.568/IJIRSE

4 ISSN(Online): ISSN (Pint) : (An ISO 397: 7 Cetified Oganization) Vol. 4, Issue, Febuay 5 he powe captued by the tubine (P M ) can be expessed as P P * C (, ) (5) M w p 3 P w * * A* V (6) 3.5kg / m (Sea level, o 5 ) A * R (Aea coveed by the oto blades) C P is commonly defined as a function of λ which is known as tip speed atio and β is known as pitch angle expessed as follows * R V (7) IV. POWER COEFFICIEN WIH BEA he elation between C P and λ is nomally established by the C P / λ cuve. his cuve can be appoximated using the powe/wind cuve, povided by wind tubine manufactues. C C 5 C (, ) * P C C3 C4 C6 * e (8) i i.35 (9).8* 3 i Whee, he coefficients C =.576, C = 6, C 3 =.4 C 4 =5, C 5 =, C 6 =.68 he expession fo toque is given by: 3 * * * * V C V. ORQUE COEFFICIEN WIH BEA * () Whee is the toque coefficient such as CP C () C p and C ae diffeent fo diffeent types of tubines being thei values depending on the aeodynamic chaacteistics of the tubine paddles. Figue. epesents a typical vaiation of C with espect to λ fo a 3 paddle hoizontal shaft tubine. Fig.3 Relationship between oque Coefficient and the Speed ip Ratio Copyight to IJIRSE DOI:.568/IJIRSE

5 ISSN(Online): ISSN (Pint) : (An ISO 397: 7 Cetified Oganization) Vol. 4, Issue, Febuay 5 Point A is the value of C to detemine the stating toque fo some typical condition of wind. he between points A and B is a egion of un stability because if the esistant toque is inceased due to an incease in the geneato load, the speed will decease tending to zeo as well as C the net toque. Between points B and C, fo a deceased tubine speed, thee will be an incease in C and in the net toque, tending so to stabilize the whole system. C Is a maximum on point B fo a maximum efficiency and maximum powe tansfe fom the wind to the tubine in this way it is impotant that the tubine opeates as close to this point o to its ight as possible thee ae seveal methods of load contol used to maximally convet wind enegy into electical enegy [8]. hese tests can be nicely tested with the tubine geneato once this one follows identical toque vaiation of the actual tubine. Vaiation of speed, powe and toque as function of pitch angle and tip speed atio pesented. VI. GEAR BOX he geabox is used to step up the low angula speeds of the tubine (nomally about 5-3pm) to the high otational speeds of the geneato (nomally aound 8 pm) Fig. 4 side view of wind enegy system db t s J t dt () d S e J dt (3) Assuming that the geabox is ideal, with no backlash o losses and assuming that the shafts ae igid, [5] S S d d Whee, n (4) g n n t J n n J J t n J (5) J VII. MODEL OF 3 -PHASE INDUCION MACHINE As the wave peiod and peiod with which the wave height vaies fom time to time, ae both quite lage compaed to the electical time-constants involved, pe phase steady state equivalent cicuit of a 3-phase induction machine is used (Figue.4).[9] Copyight to IJIRSE DOI:.568/IJIRSE

6 ISSN(Online): ISSN (Pint) : (An ISO 397: 7 Cetified Oganization) Vol. 4, Issue, Febuay 5 Whee, V = Pe phase souce voltage in ms volts =Pe phase stato esistance in ohm L =Pe phase stato leakage inductance in henys Fig.5 Pe phase, steady state, exact equivalent cicuit of a 3-phase induction machine, =Pe phase oto esistance efeed to stato side L =Roto leakage inductance efeed to stato side R m =Resistance equivalent of the coe losses in ohm L m = Magnetization inductance of stato in henys Slip of the induction machine is given by: s S (6) s Whee, = Synchonous speed of the induction machine S = Actual speed of the induction machine. Wheneve S the slip is positive which means the induction machine acts as a moto and ifs, slip is negative and the induction machine acts as a geneato. he following equations ae used fo the modeling of the induction machine Z (7) Y jx Z jx s (8) m R m j X heefoe seies impedance immediately afte m Z S can be given as Z s Y, m () Z he net impedance faced by the souce pe phase is given as Z Z Z S () Stato pe phase cuent V I S () Z Roto pe phase voltage efeed to the stato E V I (3) ph S Z (9) Copyight to IJIRSE DOI:.568/IJIRSE

7 ISSN(Online): ISSN (Pint) : (An ISO 397: 7 Cetified Oganization) Vol. 4, Issue, Febuay 5 Roto pe phase cuent efeed to the stato,, E ph I (4), Z Powe given to the oto, P g,,, I I Z jo 3 (5) Goss toque poduced by oto pg (6) g s Input active powe taken by 3 phase induction machine P 3 V I (7) in jo S VIII. SIMULAIONRESULS he simulation studies ae pefomed using MALAB/SIMULINK. Fig.6 simulation block of wind enegy system. Copyight to IJIRSE DOI:.568/IJIRSE

8 ISSN(Online): ISSN (Pint) : (An ISO 397: 7 Cetified Oganization) Vol. 4, Issue, Febuay 5 7 c u t i n w in d s p e e d m / s c u t o u t ime(sec) 3 4 Fig.7 time vs wind speed In the above fig.7, location wind speed with base wind, gust wind and amp wind chaacteistic is mentioned with espect to time change. his chaacte is the input of tubine..5 p o w e c o f fi c ie n t (C p ) -.5 beta= beta=4 beta=6 beta=8 beta= tip - speed atio Fig.8 tip speed vs powe cofficient When the pitch angle changes the powe coefficient also changes, shown in fig.8.maximum powe coefficient at two degees pitch angle and minimum at ten degees pitch angle. Copyight to IJIRSE DOI:.568/IJIRSE

9 ISSN(Online): ISSN (Pint) : (An ISO 397: 7 Cetified Oganization) Vol. 4, Issue, Febuay beta= beta=4 beta=6 beta=8 beta= t o q u e c o f f ic ie n t ( C t ) tip-speed atio(lambda) Fig.9 tip speed vs. toque coefficient When the pitch angle changes the toque coefficient also changes, shown in fig.9.maximum toque coefficient at two degees pitch angle and minimum at ten degees pitch angle..5 x 4.5 t o q u e ( g ) -.5 beta= beta=4 beta=6 beta=8 beta= ime(sec) Fig. time vs. toque of geneato When the pitch angle changes the toque of the geneato also changes, shown in fig..maximum powe at two degees pitch angle and minimum at ten degees pitch angle. Copyight to IJIRSE DOI:.568/IJIRSE

10 ISSN(Online): ISSN (Pint) : (An ISO 397: 7 Cetified Oganization) Vol. 4, Issue, Febuay s p e e d ( w g ) 8 beta= beta=4 beta=6 beta=8 beta= ime(sec) Fig. time vs speed of genato When the pitch angle changes the powe of the geneato also changes, shown in fig..maximum powe at two degees pitch angle and minimum at ten degees pitch angle..5 x 6.5 p o w e (P g ) -.5 beta= beta=4 beta=6 beta=8 beta= wind speed(v)(m/s) Fig wind speed vs powe When the pitch angle changes the powe of the geneato also changes, shown in fig.maximum powe at two degees pitch angle and minimum at ten degees pitch angle. Geneato output also depends on wind speed so that powe geneation stats fom cut in wind speed and stops fom cut out wind speed. IX. CONCLUSION he wind establishment in any location is based on the wind chaacteistics. Fo the wind model that was used in this poject, the maximum powe that can be geneated is.5mw. he maximum powe geneation occus at maximum powe coefficient. Fom the studies, it is concluded powe and toque vaiation of induction geneato by vaying pitch angle of the wind tubine. Above esults applicable fo towe building applications and design of the wind enegy system pefomed using MALAB/SIMULINK. Copyight to IJIRSE DOI:.568/IJIRSE

11 ISSN(Online): ISSN (Pint) : (An ISO 397: 7 Cetified Oganization) Vol. 4, Issue, Febuay 5 REFERENCES. V Ramakishna, S.K sivatsa Mathematical modeling of wind enegy systems.. Faet F. A., PhD, Gules.K and Maian. J. Mico tubine simulato based on speed and toque of a dc moto to dive actually loaded geneatos. 3. I. K Buehing, U. ech And L. L. Feis, "Contol Polices Fo Wind-Enegy Convesion basic) Systems", IEE Poc., Vol. 8, Pt C, NOS, Pp 53-6, Septembe S.Muthukuma,Sandeep Kakumanu, S.Siam, R.Desai, A.A.S.Baba, V.Jayashanka On minimizing the fluctuations in the powe geneated fom a wave enegy plant. 5. Wiley, wind enegy explained theoy, design and application J.F man well, J.G. McGowan, A.L. Roges. 6. John widell, ony Wei Renewable Enegy Resouces, ylo & Fancis. 7. J.f manwell,j.g mcgown and A.L Roges, Wind Enegy Explained heoy,design And Application, John Willey & Sons, Ltd. 8. Bendan fox, Damian,leslie Byans,Richad Watson, Wind powe integation connection and system opeational aspects, IE Powe and Enegy Seies. 9. S.N.Bhada,d, Kastha,s.Banejee, Wind Electical Systems, Oxfod.. Muljadi,E. Pitch-contolled vaiable-speed wind tubine geneation Industy Applications Confeence, 999. hity- Fouth IAS Annual Meeting, Confeence Recod of the 999 IEEE.. Y. HU Senio Membe, IEEE, Zhe CHEN, Senio Membe, IEEE Study of Induction Geneato based Wind ubine Systems he Intenational Confeence on Electical Engineeing9.. Kapil Paikh, Ashish Maheshwai, Vinesh Agawal Modeling, Simulation and Pefomance Analysis of AC-DC-AC PWM Convetes Based Wind Enegy Convesion System Intenational Jounal of Recent echnology and Engineeing (IJRE) ISSN: , Volume-, Issue-4, Septembe Zhe Chen, Senio Membe, IEEE, Josep M. Gueeo, Senio Membe, IEEE, and Fede Blaabjeg, Fellow, IEEE A Review of the State of the At of Powe Electonics fo Wind ubines IEEE RANSACIONS ON POWER ELECRONICS, VOL. 4, NO. 8, AUGUS 9. Copyight to IJIRSE DOI:.568/IJIRSE