Internet of Things the next big thing. Mindtrek 2014 Juha-Pekka Soininen VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

Transcription

1 Internet of Things the next big thing Mindtrek 2014 Juha-Pekka Soininen VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

2 The most hyped thing: Internet of Things Most hyped topic 7/2014 by Gartner Time to productivity: 5-10 years 10/11/2014 2

3 Contents: Introduction What is IoT? How IoT has evolved What is it now? Where is evolving to? Why is it on the top? What are the expectations? Challenges Why does it take so long to reach full potential? Summary 10/11/2014 3

4 "Wovon man nicht sprechen kann, darüber muß man schweigen --- Ludwig Wittgenstein --- What is IoT? 4

5 Internet of Things, Industrial Internet, Cyber Physical Systems, Better personal digital services (e.g. pervasive sensors and computing) are about identifying, sensing, connecting, combining, processing, and acting on information about real world, i.e. that is the nervous systems of the real-world and it will completely change the digital world, its services, applications, and systems because Better integration of systems More efficient monitoring New ways to analyze information Additional knowledge ALWAYS improves our possibilities to build better systems and services More efficient and optimal control even to societal level 5

6 IoT is a step in the evolution of Internet Main frames Size of the computers connected to Internet Everything goes digital PC Embedded systems Smartphones Social life M2M Body Environment The number of devices connected to Internet and share of activities covered by Internet s File sharing WWW Ubiquitous systems Everything is connected Things Actions Reporting Detection Knowledge Sent Distributed Published Collected 10/11/2014 6

7 The last mile of Internet How to network something that is not capable to network? Digital world Internet Real-world things 10/11/2014 7

8 The last mile of Internet Real world Digital world Internet Virtualized Things 10/11/2014 8

9 Virtual Entities/Objects Virtual Entities are computational or data elements representing Physical Entities VEs must be created and maintained in digital computers IoT-A domain model There must be an digital service infrastructure for managing and accessing VEs 10/11/2014 9

10 Technology-based view to IoT Sensing WSN BTLE Identification EPC uid IoT IPSO Actuators MW Embedded Systems CEP BigData Data analysis 10/11/

11 Orientation based view to IoT Protocols Networkoriented approaches M2M IoT gateways WoT Thingoriented approaches QR NFC IoT Brokers RFID Semantics Informationoriented approaches 10/11/

12 Identities to Things Challenges: 1. Giving unique identifiers, unique names 2. Linking the identifiers with the real-world objects 3. Creating the information about the objects with reasonable cost UUID 123e4567-e89b-12d3-a URL URN URI Recognition systems Embedded codes 10/11/

13 Example: uid architecture Global network of servers that manage the ucodes. Image copyright: YRP Ubiquitous Networking Laboratory 10/11/

14 Sensing Things Acting on things Hear Taste See Smell Feel Sensing/acting is about detection/creation of basic forces: gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear Analyze and understand Challenge 1: The sensed phenomenon must be converted to digital data and transmitted to the brains of the system. Typically with very little of energy available. Challenge 2: The process of sensing includes also understanding of what we sense and conversion of the result into information and knowledge With technology we can go beyond our limitations that has resulted to a huge variety of sensors and sensor systems To be is to be perceived --- George Berkeley /11/

15 Example: Hyper-spectral camera 9 x 9 cm Pixel size +n Data cube Spectral dimension F.O.V + 90 m (1024 pixels) Reflectance Continuous spectrum based on Reflectance/Emissivity/Absorption For each pixel 2D-Spatial dimension 90 m (1024 pixels) + Wavelength ( m) +n 10/11/

16 Use cases Environmental monitoring Precision Agriculture Minerals Industry Food Industry Oil industry Forestry Industry Recycling Industry Security and Defense Pharmaceutical Industry Medical and Life Sciences Forensics Thin Films 10/11/

17 Connecting Communicating Things Communicating embedded systems (M2M) Moving the interaction to Internet/SmartPhones Nest, Hue, Wemo, Providing data access and control through Internet services Xively, IFTTT, Do-it-yourself solutions Raspberry, Arduino, Galileo, Networking embedded systems 10/11/

18 Logical Structure of Basic IoT system Things (sensors, actuators, tags, embedded systems, devices) IoT Nodes IoT Nodes IoT nerve cells IoT gateways IoT hubs IoT Nerve fibers Applications and Systems IoT Spinal cord Communication network (, 4G, 5G, access networks, Internet) Brains conscious parts (identity, registry, repository, discovery, lookup, resolution, maintenance) IoT infrastructure services IoT Brains autonomous parts Virtual Things IoT memory Complex Event Detection services Complex Context Awareness services Big data services 10/11/

19 IoT as an information network Applications Applications Content Services IoT market place Consumption Convergence of infrastructures IP Transformation from technology to business IOT Data broker Convergence of data structures Connectivity Transport protocols Vertical platforms Collection Computers Things From Internet era to IoT era 10/11/

20 Some Internet of Things definitions IoT SIG: The Internet of Things (IoT) describes the revolution already under way that is seeing a growing number of internet enabled devices that can network and communicate with each other and with other webenabled gadgets. IoT refers to a state where Things (e.g. objects, environments, vehicles and clothing) will have more and more information associated with them and may have the ability to sense, communicate, network and produce new information, becoming an integral part of the Internet." IERC: A dynamic global network infrastructure with self-configuring capabilities based on standard and interoperable communication protocols where physical and virtual things have identities, physical attributes, and virtual personalities and use intelligent interfaces, and are seamlessly integrated into information network W3C : ITU: A global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies "The Internet of Things refers to a virtual representation of a broad variety of objects on the Internet and their integration into Internet or Web based systems and services. Based on interaction and communication interfaces such as RFID, NFC, barcodes or 2D codes they expose information, features and functionalities which can be integrated into systems and services." Internet of Things (IoT) is a set of products, services and processes that virtualizes the real-world things for digital processing. The outcome of IoT is a digital representation of the real world that can interact with digital systems and 10/11/2014 applications and is susceptible to internet business models. 20

21 Internet of Things is a part of through digitalization everything goes digital All objects have unique digital identity. Smart things have connectivity. Internet of Things is a digital representation of the real world. 10/11/

22 Digital representations of world Platforms to store information Platforms that can extended with additional information Platforms that create interoperability between applications and business ecosystems Platforms for creating new apps and services on top of the information IoT creates a digital representation of the real world and a platform for mashing up information and services for smarter world 10/11/

23 Related concepts Industrial internet means systematically applying sensor, communication and data analysis technologies for improving productivity and creating new business Internet of Everything extends Internet of data with people, processes, and things Ubiquitous computing: Computation everywhere Ambient Intelligence: Intelligent services for users in current physical places M2M: Machine to machine communications and interoperability of services Object Identification: Associating information and capabilities to things through unique identifiers Web of Things: Web technology based use of information and services of things Internet: Address based global network of digital data and digital services (network of computers) Future Internet: Shift from address to information based global network (of computers) Cloud Computing: Providing scalable services and resources everywhere through Internet Smart Spaces: Enabling technology, service and information mash-ups in local places Cyber-Physical Systems: Systems using real-world information, interaction with real world, and networked embedded systems together with cloud services 10/11/

24 The big expectations of IoT 24

25 Brief history of IoT Ubiquitous computing Mark Weiser, 1991 Internet of Things concept Kevin Ashton, MIT AutoID Labs, 1999 General Awareness First general publications and book titles European Union research on IoT First IoT conference in Europe 2008 IoT was born Cisco: More things /objects connected to Internet than people (First connected things) (Minimizing the computers) (RFID on the top) (Wireless Sensor Networks) (USA focused already on CPS) (Smart spaces) IoT a key industry for China Wen Jiabao, 2010 Everyone is making IoT (?) 2014 (Ecosystems and platforms) (IoT business and applications) 10/11/

26 Why is it happening now? Affordable technology is here People are ready for it Computing power grows Smart machines Intelligent analytics, decision support systems Big data Store everything paradigm (dirty cheap GB) Connectivity like newer before Internet IPv6, no limit to nodes IoT paradigm connected objects Low power communication (BTLE) Identify and track everything (QR, RFID, GPS) Sensing everything in real time Extremely low cost and small Connected Advanced sensing Bio-mimicing Competences Average person has good competences with digital services and products. Acceptance People in all age groups use web, smart phones, car computers at home and on free time. Digital natives, Y-generation, not only accept, they expect! 10/11/

27 What does it mean: Views of industry leaders GE: Industrial Internet The world is on the threshold of a new era the convergence of the global industrial system with the power of advanced computing, analytics, low-cost sensing and new levels of connectivity permitted by the Internet... Increased productivity, if the Industrial Internet could boost annual productivity growth by percentage points over the next twenty years... add a $10-15 trillion to global GDP the size of today s US GDP. Cisco: Internet of everything the age of IoE, creating an unprecedented opportunity to connect the unconnected: people, process, data, and things. The Internet of Everything (IoE) creates $14.4 trillion in Value at Stake the combination of increased revenues and lower costs that is created or will migrate among companies and industries from 2013 to The five main factors that fuel IoE Value at Stake are: 1) asset utilization (reduced costs) of $2.5 trillion; 2) employee productivity (greater labor efficiencies) of $2.5 trillion; 3) supply chain and logistics (eliminating waste) of $2.7 trillion; 4) customer experience (addition of more customers) of $3.7 trillion; and 5) innovation (reducing time to market) of $3.0 trillion

28 Applications of IoT IoT will disrupt every business by 2020 Ubiquity + Big Data analytics + Internet economics Interaction with the real world has become possible; data directly from real world Making sense of data becomes possible using resources from networks Fast adoption, hyperscalability, lower barriers, interoperability Everything that can be automated will be automated Computerization of the processes of the manufacturing industry (Industry 4.0) Smart factories connected to customers and business 10/11/

29 Examples of IoT use types 1. Traditional industrial solutions Identification based solutions for logistics and tracking Extensions of M2M paradigm: remote monitoring and control; optimization on larger scale Autonomous devices (enhanced robotics, automatic driving) 2. Information collection, analysis, and brokering Internet services for connecting sensors and actuators and other internet services Data analytics: analysis of vast amount of collected data for optimization, decision support, simulation based control 3. Access to local information and services Tags and active tag based location-aware applications Tracking and positioning based applications 4. Cyber-Physical Systems and Systems of Systems Solutions for societal challenges, smart grids, smart traffic, smart city, smart factories, etc. IoT gateways IoT hubs IoT networks IoT data centres IoT silos IoT service mashups IoT nodes Social IoT models 10/11/

30 Local information (marketing and assistance) Account information: 150 available, but use your credit card! Product comparison Ecological impact in 3 weeks time you will need new rocket climbing shoes Offers Shopping list: Combining profiling, location, proximity and information enables targeted marketing and services IoT technologies are the core enablers and ecosystems are emerging (e.g. Apple, Google) Comparison of shoes in the branch magazines 55 minutes to the next bus Facebook friend Alarm about air quality! Use the inner corridor. Business potential of connecting all the things to all the phones for all the people? 10/11/

31 Remote (and automated) monitoring and control Sharing and reuse of information and resources through IoT Wellness Health As a child You Behavior As an elderly Appliances Peace of mind, early intervention Security Energy Home Living Logistics IoT Shops Goods Conditions Machines Location Factories Status Safety Society Efficiency Optimization of resources and processes 10/11/

32 Information collection, analysis, and brokering IoT nodes, gateways, hubs Information repository Data based services Visualization, analysis, etc. Things connected through IoT Internet Lot s of solutions and information silos Approaches both for dedicated and generic solutions Business models for brokering still evolving Race towards Google of Things is going on! 10/11/

33 Smart Spaces: Shared situation awareness Sharing of local information of things around you creates a platform on which smart applications and smart devices can be built making a smart environment Applications for local situations Information analysis WLAN Database of situation information Situation Map Common Operating Picture Including: status, purpose, capabilities, interfaces Ethernet LAN WLAN BT Smart homes, shops, restaurants, parks, USB CAN WLAN LAN Zigbee Smart X Local information sources, appliances and things 10/11/

34 Societal cyber-physical systems: Smart Parking Location Destination Etc Virtual entity Smart parking IoT infra Virtual entity Traffic situation analyzer Smart parking app/service in the cloud Location Sensor: Free/Occupied/ Reserved City service Social services People flow data Dynamic routing to nearest free parking place, reservation of parking place, dynamic pricing of parking, etc. (plenty of new possibilities) Park place situation analyzer Parking company service 34

35 Challenges in making IoT happen

36 Why does it take 5-10 years? The complexity problem of Cyber-Physical Systems How to implement the systems of systems from independent agents? How to deal with the communication loads caused by sensing the world? The diversity problem of Smart-X Huge mash-up of technologies? Huge variety of applications? Interoperability and reusability? The real-time problem of control systems Combining cloud and edge computing paradigms? Big Data analysis and real-time? The power problem of 1T units of sensors/actuators The infrastructure requires close to Zero-Power technologies or very low-power technologies everywhere. The confidentiality, privacy, and trust problems The distribution of intelligence problems How to shift from control to cognition? How to share the understanding of situation? How to increase self-x capabilities? How to integrate to intelligence in other systems? Photo by Mark Skipper / CC by 2.0 Photo by Espen Sundve / CC by 2.0 Photo by Luke Peterson / CC by /11/

37 Business related challenges Identifying and exploiting business benefit. Finding win-win solutions in value networks vs. fighting who owns the data, who can use it. Building and deploying applications fully leveraging data from multiple sources Closed / fragmented / lock-in solutions (vs. open internet-type solutions) Installing and managing 50 B smart devices 10/11/

38 IoT Company examples: The owner of IoT based knowledge will rule the world Knowledge owners Information owners Cloud computing solution providers Network infrastructure providers Computing device providers Communication solution providers Connectivity providers Interaction providers IoT vertical with vertical companies 38

39 IoT field and players (current view) Siemens The Actual OEM Business Asset / system + service providers Brand owner Asset management service companies System integrators Vertical players Schneider GE IoT service platform Communication & connectivity service Communication hardware Sensors actuators, RFID Oracle, IBM, SAP, Axeda, Tieto, CGI, Wapice, Oliotalo.. Vodafone, KDDI, TS, Elisa Cisco, Ericsson, Nokia, Huawei.. Industrial automation Honeywell, Siemens, Rockwell Metso Automation,.. Actuator X Sensor X Node X RFID X Security & privacy Intelligent assets (with sensors, actuators, ID, connectivity) 10/11/

40 How the exploitation of IoT should look like Users Smart X applications Societal applications Systems of systems Platform for connected capabilities IoT platforms IoT interoperability layer Interaction providers Internet services Big Data Cloud Interaction devices Interoperability and scalable connectivity Hyperscalable performance ecosystem 10/11/

41 Future IoT

42 Future of IoT Real-time correct digital image of the real world Snapshot from Google Earth Google Earth + that is updated real-time, where objects are identifiable, any additional information can be added into them, it can have links to any other information, it can be zoomed to the very finest details, it remembers its history, it can be copied for simulations and predictions, it keeps your confidentiality and privacy, and it provides access to active things. 10/11/

43 Summary World is changing rapidly and irreversibly now due to interaction of digital and physical worlds People will be flooded with local services and information Industry 4.0 will change the operational landscape of manufacturing and production IoT will open the way to societal applications and cyber-physical systems that make world smart The battle for the ownership of IoT information (and business) is already on. 10/11/

44 TECHNOLOGY FOR BUSINESS