Taller de Energías Renovables: Situación Mundial y Usos Potenciales en el País

Taller de Energías Renovables: Situación Mundial y Usos Potenciales en el País para la utilización de la Energía Eólica Concepción, 12-14 Enero 2005

World Wind Energy Association The Members: National associations, scientific institutes, companies, public bodies and individuals from currently 70 countries The Aims: Promoting the worldwide utilisation of wind energy by being a communication platform for all wind energy actors world-wide influencing national and international policies in favour of wind energy providing international technology transfer

World Wind Energy Association Cooperation with international organisations: WWEA is accredited at the UNFCCC WWEA cooperates with further UN organisations like UNEP and UNESCO WWEA was member of Renewables 2004 International Steering Committee and has been involved in the Interim Steering Committee of Renewable Energy Global Policy Network Cooperation with non-governmental RE associations: WWEA is member of the World Council for Renewable Energies WWEA has formed an international renewable energy alliance with the International Solar Energy Society and the International Hydropower Association

WWEA s activities WWEA cooperates with magazine New Energy on disseminating information. World Wind Energy Institute will be launched for capacity building as a network of existing wind energy centers around the world. WWEA has formed a Repowering Working Group. WWEA is preparing a Hybrid System Working Group. WWEA has worked out Sustainability and Due Diligence Guidelines to be published in early 2005.

WWEA events EXPO World Conference Integrating Renewable Energies for the Future, Japan,7-10 June 2005 www.expo-wcwrf.com Zur Anzeige wird der QuickTime Dekompressor TIFF (Unkomprimiert) benötigt. ISES Solar World Congress2005, Orlando, USA, August 2005 www.ises.org 4th World Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition 2005, 2-5 November 2005, Melbourne, Australia www.wwec2005.com IHA Conference on Sustainable Hydropower, Cape Town, South Africa November/December 2005 www.hydropower.org

Estado Internacional de la Utilización de Energía Eólica

Industria Eólica Global: Key Figures Total Capacity installed end of 2002: New Capacity in 2002: 31.170 MW 6.900 MW Rate of Growth in 2002: 28 % Total Capacity installed end of 2003: New Capacity in 2003: 39.151 MW 7.981 MW Rate of Growth in 2003: 26 % Turnover in 2002/2003: 7/8 billion Expected installations in 2008: 100.000 MW

Mercados Líderes 2003 Instalaciones nuevas 2003 (MW) Tasa de crecimiento (%) Instalacion total 2003 (MW) Alemania 2.645 21,7 14.609 EE UU 1.687 36,0 6.370 España 1.377 28,4 6.202 Dinamarca 243 8,0 3.110 India 408 24,0 2.110 Italia 119 15,2 904 Países Bajos 196 27,3 873 Reino Unido 97 17,6 649 China 99 21,2 567 Japón 172 51,5 506 Austria 276 197,9 415

Manufacturers: World Market Shares in 2002 Repower (D) 3,0% Made (E) 3,3% Lagerwey 1,5% Ecotecnia (E) 1,6% DeWind (D) 1,2% Suzlon (IND) 0,8% Fuhrländer 0,6% Others 0,4% Mitsubishi (JP) 0,4% Desarollos (E) 0,0% Vestas (DK) 21,6% Nordex (D) 6,8% Bonus (DK) 6,8% Enron/GE (USA/D) 8,6% Enercon (D) 17,9% Gamesa (E) 11,5% NEG Micon (DK) 13,9%

Producción de una turbina media 1000 Familias Al año o 4000 Personas

Crecimiento de Turbinas Eólicas

Las turbinas más grandes Enercon E-112 Prototipo: 2002 4,5 MW, 114 m diámetro Zur Anzeige wird der QuickTime Dekompressor TIFF (Unkomprimiert) benötigt. Zur Anzeige wird der QuickTime Dekompressor TIFF (Unkomprimiert) benötigt.

Las turbinas más grandes REpower M5 Prototipo: Noviembre 2004 5 MW, 126 m diámetro

Las turbinas más grandes Multibrid M5000 Prototype: Diciembre 2004 5 MW, 116 m diámetro

Estado de la utilización de energía eólica offshore

Proyectos offshore en Europa Realizado Proyectado Total Alemania 5 70677 70682 Belgica 0 600 600 Dinamarca 409 400 809 España 0 2563 2563 Francia 0 60 60 Irlanda 25 1255 1280 Países Bajos 19 220 239 Reino Unido 214 8699 8913 Suecia 23 2498 2522 Total 695 86973 87668 [MW]

Factores de éxito

General Characteristics of Wind Energy Investments 1. Playing field to be levelled removing externalities and subsidies favouring fossil and nuclear 2. De-central energy supply 3. Different local resources 4. Specific investment structure high share of fixed costs 5. Specific barriers as newcomer technology new capacities to be created

Externalities of conventional energy sources Climate/weather caused damages in 2003: 65 billion

Externalities of conventional energy sources Projected Import Dependance on Raw Materials for Energy Production in the European Union

Cost Iceberg de energías convencionales

Cost Iceberg de energías renovables

Decentralidad de energía eólica

Decentralidad de energía eólica

Importance of Capital Costs Specific investment structure: high share of initially fixed costs (~80 %), low share of operating costs ==> Capital costs (interest rates, risks to be covered) are often decisive for BANKABILITY

Different Local Resources requiring Site Efficiency Win d po wer costs pr. kw h with eq ual technolo gical resource eff ici ency in three coun tries Count ry 1 Countr y 2 Count ry 3 EU R/C 8,00 7,00 6,00 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 0,00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Un it:10 TWh elec trici ty production KWh p rodu ction costs

Building capacities Improved international cooperation is necessary To transfer all aspects of know-how: policy, economics, technology, sustainability, etc. To form strong advocacy groups for renewable energy assembling a broad range of expertise To raise awareness for renewable energy amongst decision-makers and the general public

Promotion Schemes Which types of promotion schemes? 1. Quota systems: Political amount regulation Market driven prices (focus on electricity market) Tradable RE Certificates / Tender systems 2. Fixed (minimum) price systems Political price regulation Market driven amount (focus on equipment market) Feed-in Tariff / Premium over market price

Quota systems Quota/certificate schemes United Kingdom: Overall remuneration New installations in 2003 Renewable Obligation Certificates ROCs (replaced NFFO in 2002) RE quota increase: 3 % - 10,4 % (in 2010) 11-12 cent/kwh (offshore: 13 cent/kwh) 97 MW (17,6 % increase) Italy: Overall remuneration New installations in 2003 Certificati Verdi (Green Certificates) (replaced feed-in tariff in 2002) RE quota: 2 % in 2003 11-13 cent/kwh 119 MW

Guaranteed Minimum Price Systems Germany: Remuneration New installations in 2003 Austria: Remuneration New installations in 2003 France: Remuneration New installations in 2003 USA Remuneration New installations in 2003 Spain: Remuneration New installations in 2003 Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz EEG 20 years feed-in tariff, paid by consumers 7-8,8 cent/kwh (offshore: 9 cent/kwh) 2645 MW 13 years feed-in tariff 7,8 cent/kwh 276 MW (198 % increase) 15 (+15) years feed-in tariff replaced EOLE 2005 tender system in 2001 5,4-8,4 cent/kwh (up to 12 MW) 91 MW (61,5 % increase) Production tax credit 10 years tax reduction 1,8 cent/kwh (PTC premium) 1687 MW Royal Decree 2,7 ct premium over market price or 6,2 cent/kwh 1377 MW

Decisiones políticas y crecimiento del mercado alemán

Reducción de costos

How do the leading markets succeed Key instrument: Levelled playing-field cost gap is closed: Acknowledge additional benefits of wind energy Increased prices of conventional sources by levies or taxes Premium: sufficient remuneration for RE Sufficient investment security is provided: Long-term power purchase commitments, guaranteed by public institution Local acceptance: Financing schemes foster local involvement and domestic industries Instead of NIMBY (Not In My Backyard): POOL (Please On Our Land) Access to grid: Guaranteed by law In the future, new INTEGRATED regulatory and technological approaches will have to be developed for a 100 % renewable energy supply.

Nuestra Energía en el Futuro

Muchas gracias!