Contents Preface Acknowledgements vii ix PART ONE: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 1. ERP Systems: An Introduction 3 Introduction 3 Need for Enterprise Resource Planning Systems 3 Evolution of ERP 6 What is ERP System? 8 Information Systems Perspective of ERP 12 Role of ERP in Business 13 Challenges of ERP 14 ERP in Indian Companies 15 Summary 16 Objective Type Questions 16 Review Questions 18 Assignments 19 Bibliography 20 Answers to Objective Type Questions 20 Case Study: Is ERP the Solution for Sawhney & Sawhney? 21 2. Advanced ERP 24 Introduction 24 Advanced ERP Systems 24 Supply Chain Management (SCM) System 25 Customer Relationship Management (CRM) System 30 Summary 36 Objective Type Questions 37
xii Contents Review Questions 39 Assignments 40 Bibliography 40 Answers to Objective Type Questions 40 Case Study: ERP at Country Automobile Limited 41 3. ERP and e-commerce 44 Introduction 44 e-commerce: A Concept 45 e-commerce Sales Life Cycle (ECSLC) Model 47 e-commerce Technology Infrastructure 49 ERP and e-commerce Applications 50 Rise of M-commerce 51 ERP and e-commerce Challenges 51 Summary 53 Objective Type Questions 53 Review Questions 55 Assignments 56 Bibliography 56 Answers to Objective Type Questions 57 Case Study 1: ERP Systems at Bharat Consumer Goods Limited 58 Case Study 2: ERP and e-commerce at Sophia Technology Limited 60 4. ERP Architecture 62 Introduction 62 Why Study ERP Architecture? 62 ERP Architecture: Technical Aspects 63 Evolution of ERP Architecture 64 Types of ERP Architecture 64 ERP Platforms 70 Summary 72 Objective Type Questions 72 Review Questions 74 Assignments 74 Bibliography 75 Answers to Objective Type Questions 75 Case Study: Southern Exporters ERP on Cloud Computing Model 76
Contents xiii PART TWO: ESTABLISHING NEED FOR ERP 5. ERP Need Analysis 79 Introduction 79 Strategic Plan 79 Strategic Analysis 81 Establishing Need for ERP Systems 88 Summary 99 Objective Type Questions 99 Review Questions 102 Assignments 102 Bibliography 103 Answers to Objective Type Questions 103 Case Study: IS Solutions at Tecnoserv Ltd 104 6. Business Case for ERP 115 Introduction 115 Need for Business Case for ERP 115 Business Rationale for ERP Implementation 116 Justifying the ERP Investments 117 Benefits of ERP System 119 Feasibility Study 119 Summary 122 Objective Type Questions 123 Review Questions 125 Assignments 126 Bibliography 128 Answers to Objective Type Questions 129 PART THREE : SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND ERP LIFE CYCLE 7. System Development Life Cycle 133 Introduction 133 Knowledge of Software Development 133 System Development Life Cycle 134 System Development Models 139 Summary 144 Objective Type Questions 145 Review Questions 147 Assignments 147
xiv Contents Bibliography 148 Answers to Objective Type Questions 148 Case Study 1: ERP Development at Auto Rims 149 Case Study 2: System Development at Dress Code 150 8. ERP Life Cycle 151 Introduction 151 ERP Implementation Life Cycle 152 SDLC and ERP Life Cycle 156 Summary 157 Objective Type Questions 157 Review Questions 159 Assignments 159 Bibliography 160 Answers to Objective Type Questions 160 Case Study: ERP Implementation at EMDISK 161 PART FOUR: IMPLEMENTATION OF ERP 9. ERP Vendor and Software Selection 167 Introduction 167 Importance of Vendor Selection 167 Major ERP Providing Companies 173 Alternatives for ERP Acquisition 176 Summary 185 Objective Type Questions 185 Review Questions 187 Assignments 188 Bibliography 189 Answers to Objective Type Questions 189 Case Study: Brain IT Solutions 190 10. ERP and Business Process Reengineering 192 Introduction 192 What is Business Process Reengineering? 193 BPR Life Cycle 193 BPR Tools and Technologies 196 Success and Failure Factors in Implementing BPR 198 Data Collection Methods 199
Contents xv Business Process Mapping Tools 201 Summary 205 Objective Type Questions 205 Review Questions 207 Assignments 208 Bibliography 208 Answers to Objective Type Questions 209 Case Study 1: Business Process Reengineering & ERP System at Mukul Motor Company 210 Case Study 2: BPR at Surya Insurance Company 212 11. Implementation Process and Strategies 214 Introduction 214 ERP Implementation Choices 215 Implementation Process 215 ERP Conversion Strategies 220 Summary 224 Objective Type Questions 224 Review Questions 226 Assignments 227 Bibliography 227 Answers to Objective Type Questions 228 Case Study: ERP Failure at Hershey 229 12. ERP Project Management 231 Introduction 231 ERP Project Management 231 ERP Project Organization 234 Managing Scope Creep 235 Risk Analysis 236 Critical Success Factors in the Implementation of ERP Systems 239 Summary 243 Objective Type Questions 244 Review Questions 246 Assignments 247 Bibliography 247 Answers to Objective Type Questions 248 Case Study 1: ERP System Implementation of Lalbhai Private Limited 249 Case Study 2: CIO Speak: Training the IT Staff 250
xvi Contents PART FIVE: POST ERP IMPLEMENTATION 13. Change Management 255 Introduction 255 Organizational Change Management 256 Change Management Activities During ERP Life Cycle 256 Impact of ERP Systems on an Organization 258 Summary 261 Objective Type Questions 262 Review Questions 264 Assignments 264 Bibliography 264 Answers to Objective Type Questions 265 Case Study: Change Management at GSA University 266 14. Post-Implementation Review of ERP Systems 268 Introduction 268 Concept of Post-Implementation Review 269 Post-Installation Review Approaches 271 Post-Implementation review Process 277 Summary 279 Objective Type Questions 280 Review Questions 282 Assignments 283 Bibliography 285 Answers to Objective Type Questions 285 Case Study: ERP Post-Implementation Review at DMK Woollen Mills 286 15. Post-Implementation Support, Maintenance and Security of ERP 289 Introduction 289 Post-Implementation Support 289 System Maintenance 291 Security of ERP Systems 298 Summary 299 Objective Type Questions 300 Review Questions 302 Assignments 303 Bibliography 303 Answers to Objective Type Questions 304
Contents xvii 16. Related Technologies and ERP 305 Introduction 305 On-line Analytical Processing (OLAP) 310 Data Mining 312 Business Intelligence 314 Integration of Related Technologies with ERP 316 Summary 316 Objective Type Questions 317 Review Questions 319 Assignments 320 Bibliography 320 Answers to Objective Type Questions 321 Case Study: SaaS ERP at Pyoosh Bookhouse 322 17. Emerging Trends and Future of ERP 324 Introduction 324 Emerging Technologies and ERP 325 Models for ERP Deployment 332 ERP II or Enterprise Systems 336 Future of ERP 337 Summary 338 Objective Type Questions 339 Review Questions 341 Assignments 342 Bibliography 342 Answers to Objective Type Questions 343 Case Study: SayWithFlowers Need for ERP Systems with More Capabilities 344 Glossary 347 Index 361