Enterprise Resource. Planning and Supply. Functions, Business Processes. and Software for Manufacturing

Transcription

1 Karl E. Kurbel Enterprise Resource Planning and Supply Chain Management Functions, Business Processes and Software for Manufacturing Companies < ) Springer

2 Contents 1 Business Information Systems The Evolution of ERP and SCM Business Application Software Business Processes Processes Versus Functions Basic Concepts of Business Processes Graphical Notations Production Planning and Control Tasks of Production Planning and Control Production Planning Goals Benefits and Shortcomings of Production Planning Coping with Mass Data 16 2 MRP: Material Requirements Planning Master Data for MRP Parts and Product Structures Product Variants More Master Data Dealing with Missing Data A Note on "Numbers" Master Production Planning Planning for Anonymous Demand Planning for Customer Orders Planning Primary and Secondary Requirements Consumption-Driven Planning Requirements-Driven Planning MRP in Make-to-Order Production Outcome of Material Requirements Planning 59 3 MRP II: Manufacturing Resource Planning Master Data for MRP II Routings Operating Facilities More Master Data Resource Lists 65 ix

3 X Contents 3.2 From Closed Loop MRP to MRP II Lead-Time Scheduling Backward and Forward Scheduling Determining Buffers Through Double Scheduling Lead-Time Reduction Lead-Time Scheduling in Make-to-Order Production Capacity Load Leveling Working with Capacity Profiles Capacity Planning in Make-to-Order Production Order Release Availability Check Creating Documents Order Release in Make-to-Order Production Shop-Floor Control Detailed Scheduling Advanced Scheduling Methods Excursus: Product Costing Make-to-Stock Products Make-to-Order Products 93 4 ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning The Need for Integration Mapping the Organization Accounting Materials Management and Production Sales Human Resources Business Processes Proc urement Order Fulfillment Production Recruitment Other Processes Process Integration Modeling with a Tool ERP Systems The ERP Market Selecting an ERP System ERP and the Internet Accessing an ERP System E-Procurement Case: SAP ERP The Evolution of SAP ERP Functionality of SAP ERP Procurement and Logistics Execution Product Development and Manufacturing Sales and Service 132

4 Contents xi Financials Human Capital Management Analytics Corporate Services Implementing Business Processes with SAP ERP The Model Company: Global Bike International Procurement Order Fullillment Production Representing Organizational Units in EPCs ERP System Implementation Implementation Process and Methodology Implementation Methodology AS AP: A Vendor-Specific Process Model Implementation Cost: Total Cost of Ownership Customizing Forms of Customizing Disadvantages of Individual Solutions Vendor-Specific Customizing: SAP ERP General Settings Organizational Structures Process and Functional Settings UserExits SAP ERP Technology History and Background SAPNetWeaver Manufacturing Systems Manufacturing Execution Systems Finite Capacity Scheduling: Manufacturing Leitstand Production Data Acquisition: PDA, MDA, and TDA Quality Management Engineering Information Systems CAx Systems PDM: Product Data Management SCM: Supply Chain Management Motivation for Supply Chain Management Coordination and Cooperation Industrial Dynamics The Bullwhip Effect Cooperation and Trust in Supply Chains Modeling Intercompany Business Processes: SCOR Model Overview SCOR Processes Process Decomposition Modeling a Supply Chain Supply Chain Performance and Risks 239

5 xii Contents 8.4 Tasks of an SCM System Strategie Level Planning Level Execution Level SCM Data Structures and Advanced Planning Data Structures for Supply Chain Management Master Data Transaction Data Pegging Advanced SCM Planning Approaches APS: Advanced Planning and Scheduling Planning Locations Planning Inventory and Orders Planning Supply Networks Case: SAP SCM SAP Advanced Planner and Optimizer Supply Chain Engineer, Cockpit, and Alerts Demand Planning Supply Network Planning Production Planning and Detailed Scheduling (PP/DS) Global Available-to-Promise (Global ATP) Transportation Planning and Vehicle Scheduling Core Interface (CIF) Other SAP SCM Modules Supply Network Collaboration Forecasting and Replenishment Event Management Extended Warehouse Management Current and Future Trends Service-Oriented Architecture On-Demand Solutions Software-as-a-Service and Cloud Computing ERP on Demand Case: SAP Business ByDesign Alternative Approaches Open-Source ERP Vision: Federated ERP The "Internet of Things" Background and Technology RFID Applications in Business Business Benefits and Challenges 332 Appendix: Data Models 337 References 345 Index 351