Course: PAD 411 Comparative Public Administration (3 Credits Compulsory)

Course: PAD 411 Comparative Public Administration (3 Credits Compulsory) Course Duration: Three hours per week for 15 weeks (30 hours) as taught in 2012/2013 Session Lecturer: Oyetola O. Oniwide B.Sc. (Govt. & Public Admin.), M.Sc. (Public Administration), Ph.D. (Public Administration) Department of Political Science & Industrial Relations, College of Management & Social Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Osun state, Nigeria. E-mail: Location: oniwideoyetola@hotmail.com oyetola.oniwide@fountainuniversity.edu.ng HOD s Office, Department of Political Science & Industrial Relations, College of Management & Social Sciences, Fountain University, Osogbo, Osun state, Nigeria. Consultation Hour: Thursdays 10 12pm COURSE DETAILS Imperatives and History of Comparative Public Administration, Nature, Utility and Problems of Comparative Public Administration, Strategies of Comparing Differences and Similarities Approaches, Strategies of Comparing Experimental, Statistical and Case study Approaches, Evolution of Nigerian Public Administration, Nigerian Civil Service, Problems of Nigerian Civil Service, Nigerian Civil Service Reforms, Philosophy and Ethics of Public Administration in Britain, Historical Development and Characteristics of British Civil Service, Functions of British Civil Service, British Civil Service Reforms, Doctrines of Public Administration in the United States of America United State of America, Structure and Characteristics of Civil Service in the United States of America and American Administrative Agencies. Course Description This course is a compulsory three-credit unit course for undergraduate students of political science and Public Administration. It is designed to enable students acquire comparative knowledge of administrative systems indifferent countries with different cultural, ideological and political influences on their public services. Course Justification

Comparative Public Administration is to expose students to the various political and Administrative milieu in which public administrators operate and consequently impact on administrative styles and outcomes. During this course, students will learn about the different strategies for comparative Public Administration, this key characteristics of Public Administration is selected Countries including Nigeria, Britain, United States, France and China. Students will also acquire basic knowledge about local government Administration as a key component of Public Administration. Course Objectives At the end of this course, students will be able to: - Describe the global context of administration. - Discuss the imperatives for Comparative Public Administration - Explain the Historical Development of Comparative Public Administration - Identify and explain the basic strategies tools) for Comparing various administrative environments. - Highlight and describe the key characteristics of the administrative systems of the selected Countries. - Explain the purposes, functions and funding of local government - Describe the justification for public corporations, particularly in the developing Countries. Course Requirements This is a compulsory course. All students taking it must attend normal classes and participate in robust debates during the lectures. Students will be expected to carry out assignments. They are expected to attend 75% of classes before they can sit for the examination. Methods of Grading S/N TYPE OF GRADING SCORE 1. Class Participation and Assignments 10 2. Test(s) 20 3. Final Examination 70 4. Total 100 Course Delivery Strategies

Face to face lectures will be the major method of course delivery while class discussion and group work will be complimentary. Basic lecture notes will be provided to students. LECTURE CONTENT Week 1: Introduction: On Comparative Public Administration Objectives: At the end of this lecture, students will be able to explain why comparative public administration has become an indispensable discipline, explain how comparative public administration emerged through the historical eras, analyze the nature of comparative public administration, identify and explain the fundamental motives why students study comparative public administration. First Hour (Week 1) Overview of the course Second Hour (Week 1) History of Comparative Public Administration Third Hour (Week 1) Imperatives for the study of Comparative Public Administration. i. In terms of methodological approach, compare Public administration with other disciplines in the social or management sciences. ii. Assuming a German scholar is in Nigeria for comparative research investigations on the country s public administration, enumerate and discuss 1. Agagu, A.A (2001) Comparative Political and Administrative Studies, Ado- Ekiti, Department of Political Science 2. Feit, E. et at (1978) Government and Leaders: An approach to Comparative Politics, Houghton, Mifflin Company 3. Finer, S.F. (1971) Comparative Government, London, the Penguin Press 4. Fried, R.C. (1902) Comparative Public Administration: The search for Theories in N.B. Lynn and A. Wildavsky (eds) Public Admnistration: The state of the discipline, New Jersey, Chatham House Publishers. 5. Riggs, F.W. (1964) Administration in Developing Countries: The theory of primsmatic society, Boston Mifflin.

6. Robert, D (1984) Modern Political Analysis, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice- Hall. 7. Waldo, W. (1980) The study of public administration in R.J Stillman (ed) Public Administration: concepts and Cases, London, Mifflin Week 2: Differences and Similarities Strategies in Comparative Public Administration. Objectives: At the end of this lecture, students will be able to explain the basic approaches for making comparisons, identify differences in between a seemingly similar people, objects and institutions, describe similarities between likely different people, objects and institutions, recall the basic explanations of the two strategies First Hour (Week 2) The Differences Approach Second Hour (Week 2) The Similarities Approach Third Hour (Week 2) Conclusion i. Look very well around you and identify two people or objects that are contradictorily different. Highlight ten ways in which they look similar. ii. Ghana and Nigeria are both developing African countries with emerging democracies, highlight ten attributes that make them look similar. iii. Identify and discuss the major attributes of differences and similarities in approaches in comparative public administration. iv. Ghana and Nigeria are both developing countries in Africa with emerging democracies, highlight ten attributes that make them look unsimilar. 1. Akindele, S.T et al (1996) The subject Matter of Political Science, Ibadan, College Press 2. Kolawole, Dipo (ed. 1997) Readings in Political Science, Ibadan, Dekaal 3. Sharkansky. I (1975) Public Administration: Policy-making in Government agencies, 3rd edition, Chicago, Rnad McNally College Publishing Company Week 3, 4 and 5: Experimental, Statistical and Case Study Strategies of Comparative Public Administration Objectives: At the end of the lectures, students will be able to recall the basic facts about differences and similarities approaches, explain the basic principles of experimental approach,

explain the concepts of control group and experimental group, analyze how case study approach works and describe how statistical tools can be used for comparative analysis. First Hour (Week 3) Experimental Approach Second Hour (Week 3) Experimental and Control Group Third Hour (Week 3) The Statistical Approach First Hour (Week 4) Partial Correlation of Variables Second Hour (Week 4) The Case Study Approach Third Hour (Week 4) Stereotypes First Hour (Week 5) Categories Second Hour (Week 5) Summary Third Hour (Week 5) Conclusion i. The case study method of comparative public administration studies gives room for stereotyping, describing in details the various categories of this method. ii. Identify and Discuss the major elements of experimental approach

1. Agagu, A.A. (2001) Comparative Politics and Administrative Studies, Ado- Ekiti., Department of Political Science. 2. Kolawole, D (ed) (1977) Readings in Political Science, Ibadan, Dekaal 3. Sharkansky, I (1975) Public Administration: Policy-making in government agencies, 3rd edition, Chicago, Rand McNally College Publishing Company Week 6 and 7: Administrative Law and Constitutional Law. Objective: At the end of the lectures, students will be able to identify the differences and similarities between Administrative Law and Constitutional Law. First Hour (Week 4) Features of Administrative Law Second Hour (Week 4) Definition of Constitutional Law Third Hour (Week 4) Features of Constitutional Law First Hour (Week 5) Differences between Administrative Law and Constitutional Law Second Hour (Week 5) Similarities between Administrative Law and Constitutional Law Third Hour (Week 5) Conclusion on the topic i. Explain the key features of the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999. ii. Compare and contrast administrative law and constitutional law. iii. Discuss the dissimilarities between administrative and constitutional law. 1. Bone, S. (2001). Osborn s Concise Law Dictionary. (9th ed). London: Sweet and Maxwell.

2. Emiola, A. (2000). Remedies in Administrative Law. Ogbomosho: Emiola Publishers. 3. Malemi, E. (2008). Administrative Law. (3rd ed.). Ikeja: Princeton Publishing Co. 4. Momodu, K. M. (1987). Constitutional Law: General Principles of Law for Professional Examinations. Akoka, Lagos: University of Lagos Press. 5. Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 Week 6 and 7: Evolution of Nigerian Public Administration. Objectives: At the end of the lectures, students will be able to explain the stage-by-stage growth and development of Nigerian public administration system. First Hour (Week 6) Traditional Political Administration Second Hour (Week 6) Functions of Traditional Rulers in Traditional Administrative System Third Hour (Week 6) Colonial Contact and Indirect Rule First Hour (Week 7) Legacies of Colonial Administration on Nigerian Public Administration Second Hour (Week 7) Era of Nigerianization and Independence Third Hour (Week 7) Summary and Conclusion i. Explain the factors that aroused European contact with Africa. ii. The British colonial masters had to substitute direct British Administration in Nigeria with indirect rule. What made indirect rule possible in Nigeria. 1. Ajayi Kunle (2001) Military regimes and Nigerian Public Administration in F. Omotosho (ed) Contemporary Issues in Public Administration, Lagos: Bolabay Publications

2. Dudley, B. (1982) Nigerian Government and Politics, London: Macmillan Mckinney, 3. J.B. and L.C. Howard (1979) Public Administration: Balancing Power and Accountability, Illinois: More Publishing Company. Week 8: Test and Review of Test Questions Objectives: To administer a test towards continuous assessment at the end of which test questions will be reviewed and discussed with the students. First and Second Hours (Week 8) Administration of Test Third Hour (Week 8) Review and discussion of Test Questions Week 9 and 10: The Nigerian Civil Service. Objectives: At the end of the lectures, students will be able to recall how Nigeria came the civil service institution, describe the characteristics of Nigerian civil service, discuss the functions of the civil service, differentiate between traditional and functions of the civil service, compare the characteristics of Nigeria s civil service with those of other countries civil service. First Hour (Week 9) Characteristics of Nigerian Civil Service Second Hour (Week 9) Functions of Nigerian Civil Service Third Hour (Week 9) Problems of Nigerian Civil Service i. Nigerian civil servants are expected to be loyal to the political authority, highlight under what conditions can their tenure be determined before retirement age? ii. Explain how Nigerian civil servants provide continuity in government. iii. It has been widely acclaimed that the Nigerian civil service is saddled with varied problems. Highlight ten suggesting ways that you think these problems can be alleviated. iv. Identify ten indiscipline attitudes by civil servants.

1. Ajayi, Kunle (2001) Military regimes and Nigerian Public Administration in F Omotoso(ed). Contemporary Issues in Public Administration, Lagos, Bolabay Publications. 2. Dudley, B (1982) Nigerian Government and Politics, London, Macmillan. 3. Kolawole, Dipo (ed) Issues in Nigerian Government and Politics, Ibadan, Dekaal. 4. Makinney, J.B & L.C Howard (1979)Public Administration: balancing power and accountability, Moore publishing company. 5. Ayo, S.B (1998) A review of the performance of Nigerian public Bureaucracy in Dr Kolawole (ed) issues in Nigerian Government and politics, Ibadan, Dekaal Week 10: Civil Service Reforms in Nigeria Objective: At the end of this lecture, students will know the steps taken by successive regimes in Nigeria to alleviate some of the problems of the civil service. First Hour (Week 10) Concept of Reform Second Hour (Week 10) Reforms between 1948 and 1973 Third Hour (Week 10) 1988 Reforms and Post 1988 Reforms i. Highlight and briefly discuss the basic provisions of the 1988 civil service reforms. ii. Identify and explain briefly the issues raised and addressed by civil service reforms between 1948 and 1973 in Nigeria. 1.Ajayi Kunle (2001) Federal character, Ethnicity and the Nigerian Public Administration in F.O Omotosho (ed) contemporary Issues in public Administration, Lagos Bolabay Publications. 2. Ajayi, Kunle (2001) Military regimes and public administration in Nigeria in F.O Omotosho (ed) contemporary issues in Public Administration: Lagos, Bolabay publications. 3. Balogun, M.J (1983) Public Administration in Nigeria, London: Macmillian. 4. Dudley, B (1982) Nigerian Government and Politics, London, Macmillian. 5. Kolawole, Dipo (ed) (1998) Issues in Nigerian Government and politics, Ibadan, Dekaal.

6. Olagunju J.L (2001) The roles of civil servants min Nation Building in F.O Omotosho (ed) Contemporary issues in public Administration, Lagos, Bolabay publications. Week 11: British Public Administration Objectives: At the end of the lectures, students will be able to explain the basic doctrines guiding British public administration, describe the psychological orientation of public servants in Britain and valuate the administrative culture in Britain. First Hour (Week 11) The Philosophy of British Public Administration Second Hour (Week 11) The doctrines of British Public Administration Third Hour (Week 11) The Ethical Ideals of British Public Administration i. Highlight and discuss briefly the philosophical ideals of the British public administration. 1. Agagu, A.A (2001) Comparative political and Administrative studies, Ado- Ekiti, Political Science Department, UNAD. 2. Gray A and W.I Jenkins (1985) Administrative Politics in British Government, Brighton, Sussex, Wheatsheaf Books. 3. Parris, H (1968) The origins of the Bermanent Civil Service, 1780-1830 Public Administration, vol 46. Week 12: The British Civil Service Objectives: At the end of the lectures, students will be able to describe how the contemporary British civil service evolved, explain the basic characteristics of the British civil service, identify the unique factors in British civil service, and explain the relationship between administration and politics in Britain. First Hour (Week 12)

Characteristics of British Civil Service Second Hour (Week 12) Functions of British Civil Service Third Hour (Week 12) Recent Historical Developments in the British Civil Service i. Highlight the basic contributions of the Trevelyan-Northcote Committee contributions to the growth of civil service in Britain. ii. Identify the basic characteristics that guide the British civil service. iii. Highlight and discuss the non-political functions of the British civil service. iv. Explain the traditional functions of British civil service. 1. Agagu, A.A (2001) Competitive political and Administrative studies, Ado- Ekiti, University of Ado-Ekiti. 2. Gray, A and W.I Jekins (1985) Administrative Politics in British Governemnt, Brighton, Sussex, Wheatsheaf Books. 3. Parris, H (1968) The origins of the permanent civil service 1780-1830 Public Administration vol 46. Week 13: Reforms in British Civil Service Objectives: At the end of the lectures, students will be able to describe according to Phases, the reforms in British civil service and compare reforms in Nigeria with that of Britain. First Hour (Week 13) Phases One and Two of the British Civil Service Reforms Second Hour (Week 13) Phases Three and Four of the British Civil Service Reforms Third Hour (Week 13) Comparison between the British and Nigerian Civil Service Reforms.

i. The Northcote-Trevelyan Report of 1854 laid the foundation for the contemporary British civil service. Identify the basic provisions of the Report. ii. What was the impact of the Thatcher administration on the British civil service? iii. Explain the Concept of reform and why is it desirable? iv. Examine the basic influence the Northcote-Trevelyan Committee has on the British civil service. 1. Agagu, A.A (2001) Comparative Political and Administrative Studies, Ado- Ekiti, Department of political Science, UNAD 2. Ajayi, Kunle (1997) The Executive in Dipo Kolawole (ed) Readings in Political Science, Ibadan, DekaaL. 3. Gray, A & W. I. Jenkins (1985) Administrative Politics in British Government, Brighton, Sussex, Wheat Sheaf Books. Week 14: Public Administration in the United States of America Objectives: At the end of the lectures, students will be able to describe the basic principles underlying America s public administration Analyze the basic structure of the American civil service, explain the characteristics of American civil service, explain the categories of personnel classes in the civil service, analyze the distinction between the British and American civil services in terms of their structure and characteristics. First Hour (Week 14) Doctrines of Public Administration in the U.S.A. Second Hour (Week 14) Structures and Characteristics of the Civil Service in the U.S.A. Third Hour (Week 14) Comparison between the practice of Public Administration in the U.S.A. and Biritain i. Compare and contrast the American and British public administration doctrines. ii. Explain the concept of consideration of human element in the American public administration doctrines. iii. Examine the basic forms and structure that the American civil service has taken. iv. Identify and discuss FIVE major characteristics of the American civil Service.

1. Agagu, A. A. (2001) Comparative Political and Administrative Studies, Ado Ekiti, Department of political Science, UNAD. 2. Freedman, Leonard (1980) Power and Politics in America, California, Brooks/Cole. 3. Redford, E. S. etal (ed, 1965) Politics and Government in America, USA, Harcourt, Brace &World Inc. 4. Weisberg, R. (1980) Understanding American Government, New York, Holt Rinehart & Winston. 5. Redford, E. S. etal (ed, 1965) Politics and Government in America, USA, Harcourt, Brace &World Inc. Week 15: Revision Exercise. Objective: This week is specifically left for revision of all topics and sub-topics covered during the teaching of the course. Students are required to ask any question related to the course while the lecturer will ask the students questions to determine the level of understanding of the course. The revision is expected to present to the students the practical approach to the issue of land use planning. Revision Questions: 1. In terms of methodological approach, compare Public administration with other disciplines in the social or management sciences. 2. Assuming a German scholar is in Nigeria for comparative research investigations on the country s public administration, enumerate and discuss 3. Look very well around you and identify two people or objects that are contradictorily different. Highlight ten ways in which they look similar. 4. Ghana and Nigeria are both developing African countries with emerging democracies, highlight ten attributes that make them look similar. 5. Identify and discuss the major attributes of differences and similarities in approaches in comparative public administration. 6. Ghana and Nigeria are both developing countries in Africa with emerging democracies, highlight ten attributes that make them look unsimilar. 7. Explain the key features of the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999. 8. Compare and contrast administrative law and constitutional law. 9. Discuss the dissimilarities between administrative and constitutional law. 10. Explain the factors that aroused European contact with Africa. 11. The British colonial masters had to substitute direct British Administration in Nigeria with indirect rule. What made indirect rule possible in Nigeria. 12. Nigerian civil servants are expected to be loyal to the political authority, highlight under what conditions can their tenure be determined before retirement age? 13. Explain how Nigerian civil servants provide continuity in government. 14. It has been widely acclaimed that the Nigerian civil service is saddled with varied problems. Highlight ten suggesting ways that you think these problems can be alleviated. 15. Identify ten indiscipline attitudes by civil servants. 16. Highlight and briefly discuss the basic provisions of the 1988 civil service reforms.

17. Identify and explain briefly the issues raised and addressed by civil service reforms between 1948 and 1973 in Nigeria. 18. Highlight and discuss briefly the philosophical ideals of the British public administration. 19. Highlight the basic contributions of the Trevelyan-Northcote Committee contributions to the growth of civil service in Britain. 20. Identify the basic characteristics that guide the British civil service. 21. Highlight and discuss the non-political functions of the British civil service. 22. Explain the traditional functions of British civil service. 23. The Northcote-Trevelyan Report of 1854 laid the foundation for the contemporary British civil service. Identify the basic provisions of the Report. 24. What was the impact of the Thatcher administration on the British civil service? 25. Explain the Concept of reform and why is it desirable? 26. Examine the basic influence the Northcote-Trevelyan Committee has on the British civil service. 27. Compare and contrast the American and British public administration doctrines. 28. Explain the concept of consideration of human element in the American public administration doctrines. 29. Examine the basic forms and structure that the American civil service has taken. 30. Identify and discuss FIVE major characteristics of the American civil Service. 1. Agagu, A.A (2001) Comparative Political and Administrative Studies, Ado- Ekiti, Department of Political Science 2. Feit, E. et at (1978) Government and Leaders: An approach to Comparative Politics, Houghton, Mifflin Company 3. Finer, S.F. (1971) Comparative Government, London, the Penguin Press 4. Fried, R.C. (1902) Comparative Public Administration: The search for Theories in N.B. Lynn and A. Wildavsky (eds) Public Admnistration: The state of the discipline, New Jersey, Chatham House Publishers. 5. Riggs, F.W. (1964) Administration in Developing Countries: The theory of primsmatic society, Boston Mifflin. 6. Robert, D (1984) Modern Political Analysis, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice- Hall. 7. Waldo, W. (1980) The study of public administration in R.J Stillman (ed) Public Administration: concepts and Cases, London, Mifflin 8. Akindele, S.T et al (1996) The subject Matter of Political Science, Ibadan, College Press 9. Kolawole, Dipo (ed. 1997) Readings in Political Science, Ibadan, Dekaal 10. Sharkansky. I (1975) Public Administration: Policy-making in Government agencies, 3rd edition, Chicago, Rnad McNally College Publishing Company 11. Bone, S. (2001). Osborn s Concise Law Dictionary. (9th ed). London: Sweet and Maxwell. 12. Emiola, A. (2000). Remedies in Administrative Law. Ogbomosho: Emiola Publishers. 13. Malemi, E. (2008). Administrative Law. (3rd ed.). Ikeja: Princeton Publishing Co. 14. Momodu, K. M. (1987). Constitutional Law: General Principles of Law for Professional Examinations. Akoka, Lagos: University of Lagos Press. 15. Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999

16. Ajayi Kunle (2001) Military regimes and Nigerian Public Administration in F. Omotosho (ed) Contemporary Issues in Public Administration, Lagos: Bolabay Publications 17. Dudley, B. (1982) Nigerian Government and Politics, London: Macmillan 18. Makinney, J.B & L.C Howard (1979) Public Administration: balancing power and accountability, Moore publishing company. 19. Ayo, S.B (1998) A review of the performance of Nigerian public Bureaucracy in Dr Kolawole (ed) issues in Nigerian Government and politics, Ibadan, Dekaal 20. Ajayi Kunle (2001) Federal character, Ethnicity and the Nigerian Public Administration in F.O Omotosho (ed) contemporary Issues in public Administration, Lagos Bolabay Publications. 21. Olagunju J.L (2001) The roles of civil servants min Nation Building in F.O Omotosho (ed) Contemporary issues in public Administration, Lagos, Bolabay publications. 22. Agagu, A.A (2001) Comparative political and Administrative studies, Ado- Ekiti, Political Science Department, UNAD. 23. Gray A and W.I Jenkins (1985) Administrative Politics in British Government, Brighton, Sussex, Wheatsheaf Books. 24. Parris, H (1968) The origins of the Bermanent Civil Service, 1780-1830 Public Administration, Vol 46. 25. Ajayi, Kunle (1997) The Executive in Dipo Kolawole (ed) Readings in Political Science, Ibadan, DekaaL. 26. Freedman, Leonard (1980) Power and Politics in America, California, Brooks/Cole. 27. Redford, E. S. etal (ed, 1965) Politics and Government in America, USA, Harcourt, Brace &World Inc. 28. Weisberg, R. (1980) Understanding American Government, New York, Holt Rinehart & Winston.