Solar advanced buildings - Smart buildings for smart grids - Univ. Prof. Dr. Ing. M. Norbert Fisch IGS, TU Braunschweig / EGSplan Stuttgart
Development of Solar Buildings (Germany) Oil 1. WSVO 1979 1985 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 2 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
Solar assisted heating with long term storage (1990) IEA Task VII 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 3 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
Solar assisted heating system with seasonal storage in Germany 1990 till 2005 Solarthermie 2000 Residential area Fi Friedrichshafen-Wiggenhausen di h h Building type Multistorey + Terraced houses Number of dwellings 280 + 110 Total living area 23.000 + 13.200 m² Collector area 4.048 m² (5.600 m²) Solar fraction dimensioning 47% Storage volume 12.000 m³ (hot-water-storage) 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 4 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
Long-term thermal storages investigated in the 90ties Earth pit storage Man made aquifer (gravel/water) 1,5-2,5 m³/m² Coll. Area 2,5-4 m³/m² Coll. Area Earth duct storage Natural aquifer 8-10 m³/m² Coll. Area 4-6m³/m² Coll. Area -- 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 5 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
driving force cost-benefit of large scale solar heating 99 90er co ost-bene efit ratio [ / (kw Wh/a)] 3,5 / (kwh/a) < 10 m² f < 20% 2,0 / (kwh/a) 1,8 / (kwh/a) > 100 m² f < 25 % 0,8 / (kwh/a) 2,5 / (kwh/a) f > 40-60 % 17 1,7 /(kwh/a) small plants short-term storage large plants short-term storage large plants long-term storage 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 6 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
braking forces system performance: planning vs. measurement %] nce [% Syste em per rforma 90% 70% 70% 45% 50% 35% 45% 25% planning measurement planning measurement storage efficiency solar fraction 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 7 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
2002 Solarcity 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 8 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
CO 2 - neutral energy supply of housing estates cities (2002) HP H P 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 9 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
movement in research und praxis - holistic sustainable renovation of urban quarters - energetic process optimization - buildings on the test bench - net-plus energy buildings - climate neutral business and housing estates - export: energy efficiency + use of renewable energies ( Made in Germany) 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 10 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
nearly zero energy buildings till 2020 the future is now 2010 EU- EPBD Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2010 /11 Energy concept of the German government nearly zero energy buildings 2012 EnEV 2012 the building as power plant 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 11 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
development of building performance research law / ordinance - practice Source: Fraunhofer IBP, in 6. Energieforschungsprogramm der Bundesregierung, 2011 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 12 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
Germanies new energy policy - National energy concept (2010) - Energy turnaround (2011) - Energiewende - Clear objectives (2020 2050) Cultural change 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 13 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
energy concept aims 2050 ch hange [% %] electricty consumption renewable energy primary energy consump. 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 14 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
law / ordinance 2000 EEG renewable energy sources act feed in tarif 2009 EEWärmeG renewable energy heat act solar fraction15% collector size 3 4% of building space 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 15 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
investment - system costs 2010 installed systems in germany 2,5 m² / pers. PV ] relative e cost [% solar thermal 2x photovoltaic 8x 015 0,15 m² ²/ pers. Que elle: 2010 0\SYSCOST1.XLS ST [year] 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch 20Jahre Transsolar - Economy and Governance Seite 16 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
prognosis for electricity yprices electric city prices [ct / kwh] net parity 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 17 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
power plant capacities (D) today future 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 18 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
aim: decentralization of energy supply Smart Grids Smart Homes Smart Buildings E-Mobility Virtual power station 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 19 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
Net-Plus energy building Building as power plant 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 20 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
Energy credit from power supply Total balance Energy demand/ Energy supply Credit is more than energy supply plus energy Supply credit Credit is less than energy supply self-used electricity Energy supply (Primary-) energy EnEV user power 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 21 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
about life-cycle Energy Plus ction construc Primary energy of Grey Ene ergy 40 [years] Plus- Energy House Passive- House EnEV Standard 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 22 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
... simple to do realized projects Net-surplus energy building - building as a virtual power station SMA Solar Academy, Kassel 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 23 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
SMA Solar Academy, Kassel 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 24 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
network-independent regenerative energy supply 60 kw P,el 30 kw P,el cooling 60 kw P,el training center current demand heating about 150 kw P,el about 230 kwh about 70 kw el PV profit grid battery biogas ground water 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 25 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
... BIPV from inside 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 26 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
Net-Plus energy residential building The 100 % electricity home 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 27 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
What does 1kWh/a saving/generation cost? Investment for1kwh/a energy saving [ /1kWh/a] 3,50 3,00 2,50 Investition Investment PV Anlage of PV-system wirtschaftlicher economically as als improvement of Verbesserung building envelop der Gebäudehülle Zusätzliche Kostender Additional cost of measures baulichen Maßnahmen on construction for saving je eingesparter kwh P /a 1kWh mit p /a Bezug auf Variante 1 2,00 1,50 1,00 0,50 PV construction cost of PV system each 1kWh PE /a Measures on building envelop economically as PV system 0,00 1 2 3 4 5 10,00 cm 14,0 cm 18,0 cm 22,0 cm 26,0 cm Ug=1,4 Ug=1,2 Ug=1,1 Ug=0,9 Ug=0,6 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 28 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
energy concept 100 % electricity energy source Controlled ventilation i with heat recovery low temperature floor heating electr. heatpump Heat source 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 29 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
architecture and energy design in harmony 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 30 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
lead - batteries and inverters 8 kw 2 kw 1. Step: Internal thermal capacity of building should used 2. Thermal storage 3. Electrical store 7 kwh (internal use only) 20 kwh (internal / external) 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 31 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
E- car Charging g station 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 32 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
Load-Management building complex as a store Charge by heat pump during the day Discharge during the night 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 33 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
Monthly electricity output /-consumption Year balance sheet (2011) 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 34 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
Solar output, supply, consumption and self-use 2011 /a] 18 000 16 000 14 000 180 % Selfuse 18 % (of PV-output) ity [kwh/ amount of electric 12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 1.085 kwh/kwp Supply 32 % 100 % Selfuse grid purchase 32 kwh/m 2 Wfl 0 PV-output Supply + self-use PV-Ertrag Einspeisung + Eigenutzung Netzbezug + Eigennutzung grid purchase+ self-use 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 35 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
electricity consumption 2011 by category consump ption [kw h/a] El lectricity 10 000 9 000 8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 1 091 177 2 777 2 716 476 MSR recirculation UWP Heat WP Lüftung air (rechn) pump pump conditioning 1 084 household Haushaltsgeräte appliance 706 9.027 31% Beleuchtung lighting sonstiges others Gesamt total 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 36 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
south facade 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 37 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
future is today! 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 38 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
Net-Plus energy building Nassauische Heimstätte, Frankfurt Green Building- Theorie und Praxis 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 39 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
next step smart city smart city smart grid Esslingen Neue Weststadt 2012-2020 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 40 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
2010 1,2 % primary energy use what is germanies role? 28% 2,8 percentage of world population percentage of primary energy consumption 2050 08% 0,8 < 1 % 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 41 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
export- import worldwide sustainable built environment transfer export German engineering export initiative international consultancy 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 42 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de
We believe in solar energy and our visions i!!! 3. Juli 2014 Univ. Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch SHC San Francisco page 43 www.igs.bau.tu-bs.de