Future Energy Storage/Balancing Demand

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1 Jahrestagung 2012 Öko-Institut e.v. Energiewende Gut vernetzt? Berlin, 13 th September 2012 Future Energy Storage/Balancing Demand Dr. Christian Doetsch Fraunhofer UMSICHT Germany 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 1

2 Change of the electric energy system Energy System change to renewable energies much more fluctuations less base load power plants Challenges balancing the grid at each time managing the temporary surplus or lack of energy Need of energy balancing devices 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 2

balancing the grid at each time managing the temporary surplus or lack of

3 BCG Electricity Storage, Making Large-Scale Adoption of Wind and Solar Energies a Reality, Mar 2010, file Growth in Demand for Wind and Solar PV Will Likely Be Strong Across All Major Regions Through Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 3

for Wind and Solar PV Will Likely Be Strong Across All Major

4 Installed energy storage system vs. installed generation capacity North America Europe * Eastern Asia 2 % 6 % 3 % Installed capacity [GW] Storage Systems Total * Japan, China, Korea, Taiwan 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 4

Asia 2 % 6 % 3 % 26 1200 46 700 25 875 Installed capacity [GW]

5 Worldwide installed storage capacity for electrical energy (2010) CAES NaS LA Redox NiCd 477 MW el 302 MW el 125 MW el 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 5 38 MW el 26 MW el Sodium-Sulphur Battery Compressed Air Energy Storage Lead-Acid Battery Sodium-Sulphur Battery Compressed Air Energy Storage Lead-Acid Battery Sodium-Sulphur Battery Redox-Flow Battery Sodium-Sulphur Battery Lead-Acid Battery Sodium-Sulphur Battery Redox-Flow Battery Lead-Acid Battery Nickel-Cadmium Battery Redox-Flow Battery Lead-Acid Battery Lead-Acid Battery Nickel-Cadmium Battery Redox-Flow Battery

Compressed Air Energy Storage Lead-Acid Battery Sodium-Sulphur Battery Redox-Flow Battery Sodium-Sulphur Battery Lead-Acid Battery Sodium-Sulphur

6 Worldwide installed storage capacity for electrical energy Pumped storage hydroelectricity Pumped Hydro Compressed Air Energy Storage Sodium-Sulphur Battery MW el Lead-Acid Battery Redox-Flow Battery over 99% of total storage capacity Nickel-Cadmium Battery 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 6

Battery 110 000 MW el Lead-Acid Battery Redox-Flow Battery over 99% of total

7 Where (grid-level) could this systems be located? central electric storages - pumped hydro - hydrogen generation - compressed air energy storage decentralized huge batteries - lead acid batteries - NaS batteries - Redox-Flow batteries local batteries - lithium-ion batteries - lead acid batteries - NiMh-, NiCd batteries virtual storages - HP + thermal storage - µchp + thermal storage 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 7

decentralized huge batteries - lead acid batteries - NaS batteries - Redox-Flow batteries local batteries -

Basic technical framework there is always a real grid no ideal grid - fluctuations are local (e.g. PV) or central (e.g. wind) - demand fluctuations are local (household) or central (industry) - storages, DSM etc.

8 Basic technical framework there is always a real grid no ideal grid - fluctuations are local (e.g. PV) or central (e.g. wind) - demand fluctuations are local (household) or central (industry) - storages, DSM etc. are always local or central options Germany was, is and will be no island - grid connections to European neighbors - embedded to the European grid - important for 100% renewable energy scenario 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 8

are always local or central options Germany was, is and will be no island - grid connections to European

9 Negative Ausgleichsleistung [GW] Positive Ausgleichsleistung [GW] Estimations for Grid Balancing Demand (Germany, Peak Load 90 GW) Positive Ausgleichsleistung grid balancing demand (Ausspeicherbedarf) (discharging power) [GW] Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (upper (oberes limit) Limit) (2008) Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (lower (unteres limit) Limit) (2008) Siemens (2010) BCG: Compensating 'Compensating Capacity' (2010) VDE Study Energy Storage (2012) Jahr Negative Ausgleichsleistung (Einspeicherbedarf) Negative grid balancing demand (charging power) [GW] Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 9 DENA study Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (upper (unteres limit) Limit) Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (lower (oberes limit) Limit) VDE Study Energy Storage 2012 Jahr Storage Storage Grid Grid

Limit) (2008) Siemens (2010) BCG: Compensating 'Compensating Capacity' (2010) VDE Study Energy Storage (2012) 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

10 Negative Ausgleichsleistung [GW] Positive Ausgleichsleistung [GW] Grid Balancing Demand: Power [GW] vs. Stored Energy [GWh/a] Positive Ausgleichsleistung grid balancing demand (Ausspeicherbedarf) (discharging power) [GW] Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (upper (oberes limit) Limit) (2008) Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (lower (unteres limit) Limit) (2008) Siemens (2010) BCG: Compensating 'Compensating Capacity' (2010) VDE Study Energy Storage (2012) Jahr Negative Ausgleichsleistung (Einspeicherbedarf) Negative grid balancing demand (charging power) [GW] DENA study Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (upper (unteres limit) Limit) Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (lower (oberes limit) Limit) VDE Study Energy Storage Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 10 Jahr Storage Storage Grid Grid Example: Grid Balancing Demand 2050 positive: approx. 40 GW negative: approx. 40 GW

limit) Limit) (2008) Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (lower (unteres limit) Limit) (2008) Siemens (2010) BCG: Compensating 'Compensating Capacity' (2010) VDE Study Energy Storage (2012) 0 2000

11 Grid Balancing Demand Analysis: Power vs. Yearly Stored Energy Power [GW] Power [GW] Additional additional need discharging of negative storage power (annual duration duration curve) curve) Maximum storage, assumption: no export by interconnectors allowed Maximum storage, assumption: maximal export by interconnectors possible TWh Storage Grid 2 TWh Time in hours Additional additional need charging of positive storage power (annual duration curve) curve) Maximum storage, assumption: no import by interconnectors allowed Minimum storage, assumption:maximal import by interconnectors possible 132 TWh 27 TWh Storage Grid Time in hours 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 11

12 Grid Balancing Demand Analysis: Power vs. Yearly Stored Energy Power [GW] Power [GW] Additional need of negative storage (annual duration curve) Maximum storage, assumption: no export by interconnectors allowed Maximum storage, assumption: maximal export by interconnectors possible Example: TWh 2 TWh Storage Grid Grid Balancing Demand Time in hours Additional need of positive storage (annual duration curve) Discharging Maximum storage, assumption: no import by interconnectors allowed Minimum storage, assumption:maximal import by interconnectors possible : 2-10 TWh TWh 27 TWh Storage Grid Charging: TWh Time in hours 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 12

00 10 TWh 2 TWh Storage Grid Grid Balancing Demand 0 1000 2000 300

13 Measurements for Grid-Balancing Energy Storage Virtual power plant Demand side management? Generation curtailment Additional load (e.g. hydrogen) Ex-/Import grid enhancement 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 13

14 Measurements for Grid-Balancing Energy Storage Virtual power plant Demand side management? Generation curtailment Additional load (e.g. hydrogen) Ex-/Import grid enhancement 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 14

15 Vision» hybrid urban energy storage «Realization of high shares of renewable energies by a smart combination of different storages: Few huge centralized storages, some big decentralized storages and many small decentralized storages and virtual storages (incl. thermal storages) mostly located in the city Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 15

storages and many small decentralized storages and virtual storages (incl.

16 Conclusions energy balancing demand will increase due to higher penetration of fluctuating renewable energies different storage technologies will be located at different points of the grid and will solve different problems Germany has a good but no ideal grid (restrictions) but is embedded in the European grid energy balancing demand energy storage demand many different measurements for grid balancing, virtual (e.g. DSM) and real storages must be aggregated and operated in a coordinated way economical regulations must support these operations modes 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 17

17 .besuchen Sie uns auf der Hannovermesse 2010 Halle 13, Stand D??? Dr. Christian Doetsch Tel.: Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 18

: +49 208 8598 1195 christian.doetsch@umsicht.fraunhofer.

21. Fachgespräch der EEG-Clearingstelle - Speicherbetrieb unter dem EEG 2014

21. Fachgespräch der EEG-Clearingstelle - Speicherbetrieb unter dem EEG 2014»Energiespeicher: Technologien, systemischer Bedarf, Anwendungen sowie Markt und Hemmnisse«Prof. Dr. Christian Doetsch Fraunhofer