Changes in the Role of Urban Planning and in the Attitudes Towards Public Realm Éva Beleznay, Architect-Urbanist, Former Chief Architect of Budapest ROLE OF URBAN PLANNING 1
Urban planning: Programs pursued as a means of improving the urban environment and achieving certain social and economic objectives (Encyclopedia Britannica) Some goals in historic urban planning: defense, sanitation, safety (fire), power/authority, movement of people and goods, commerce, traffic, aesthetics Early 20th century: Garden City movement and Modern Movement Late 20th century: critic of the lack of human aspect Simplification of complex issues the main legal tool is zoning and regulations Post-modernist approach: planning concentrates on diversity in the built and natural environment, society and the economy however the main legal framework is still zoning other non-regulatory factors are urban infrastructure and financing Urban Planning Sustainability environmental, economic and social From object-oriented to process-oriented planning From top-down, planner as god attitude to communityplanning model (planner is a mediator/communicator) From large projects to small scale improvements From neglecting to reducing social inequality From new building to urban regeneration From enabling increasing traffic to restricting individual transport from engineering to normal sense approach From single-use to mixed-use From sectoral to integrated approach Changes in planning attitudes 2
COMPETITIVENESS AND LIVEABILITY OECD: Competitive Cities in the Global Economy EU: Urban Audit, State of the Cities Report (Nov 2006) UN-Habitat: State of the World s Cities Economist Intelligence Unit: Global Liveability Ranking Healey&Baker Cushman&Wakefield: European Cities Monitor Mercer HR: Quality of Living Index, Cost of Living Survey PricewaterhouseCoopers: Cities of the Future (global competition, local leadership), Economic Outlook Report Siemens: Megacities Report BAK Basel: Economics Report on Metro-Regions in Europe Standard and Poor s & Mooney s: City Credit Rating Index Work Foundation (UK) Ideopolis I and II, Anholt GMI City Brands Index Competitiveness and liveability Benchmark researches 3
Urban Environment Clean, green and safe Air quality Infrastructure Transportation growing demand of mobility Public utilities water Human infrastructure housing, health, education Knowledge Skills, capabilities Innovation and enrepreneurship Culture Strong city brand, clear identity that propel the city Good Governance Economic, political and social stability Transparency of legal, political and economic framework Dialogue with citizens, stakeholders Financing Growing demand for services vs. diminishing revenues Creative and flexible financial strategies (partnerships and innovative fees/taxes) Competitiveness and liveability key issues The goal should be to give back the prestige of the urban lifestyle for the people of cities! Density Noise Pollution Lack of green areas Segregation, unevenness Richness of services, activities Attractions Culture Society Pride Liveable and loveable >> Competitive Bring the prestige of city back! 4
Presentation Forrás: Picasa/robcoffin by Éva Beleznay Barcelona Source: Presentation National by Éva Beleznay Geographic online Vienna 5
Presentation Forrás: Chad by Éva Billmyer Beleznay Copenhagen A good city is like a good party people stay much longer than really necessary because they are enjoying themselves Types of activities in cities: Necessary Activities (Things we have to do) Optional Activities (Things we want to do) Social Activities (Interacting with others) A Good City makes Necessary Activities enjoyable, and makes it as easy and pleasant as possible to do both Optional and Social Activities. A Good City by Jan Gehl 6
Good balance of top-down and bottom-up approach National level priorities, funding, legal framework City level city priorities, synthesis of local projects, thematic orientation, funding, legal framework Didstrict/local level action projects, funding, legal framework, project management People needs, necessities, pride Engage people the key for long-term success!!! Top-down and bottom-up approach PEDESTRIAN BUDAPEST 7
Forrás: Presentation Budapest by Éva Beleznay MIPIM 2006 Gyalog bike - autó Heart of Budapest Programme Phased revitalization of the City Centre (2005 2013) 8
Revitalization of Small Boulevard and Kossuth Lajos avenue New pedestrianpriority axis Elegant, continuous promenade with public squares Reconstruction of the main squares of the City Center Heart of Budapest Programme 300 FH MÉLYGARÁZS KERÉKPÁRÚT-KAPCSOLAT AZ ANDRÁSSY ÚT ÉS A DUNAKORZÓ KÖZÖTT 450 FH MÉLYGARÁZS VÁROSI BULVÁR SOKFUNKCIÓS GYALOGOS TEREK 800 FH MÉLYGARÁZS PASSZÁZSOK VEGYES FORGALMÚ ÜZLETUTCA ÉSZAKI ÉS DÉLI BELVÁROS ÖSSZEKAPCSOLÁSA 5-600 FH MÉLYGARÁZS, FELSZÍNEN VÉGIGFUTÓ GYALOGOS VÁCI UTCA VEGYES FORGALMÚ LAKÓUTCÁK VENDÉGLÁTÓ TERASZOK UTCÁJA IDŐBEN KORLÁTOZOTT CÉLFORGALOMMAL SZÉLES PROMENÁD Forrás: Third Eye Image 9
Március 15. Square 10
Március 15. Square - Concept Március 15. Square 11
Március 15. Square Március 15. Square 12
Március 15. Square Széchenyi (Roosevelt) Square 13
Széchenyi (Roosevelt) Square Small Boulevard 14
Small Boulevard Small Boulevard 15
Small Boulevard Small Boulevard 16
Small Boulevard Cultural and Information City Hall Forum Business use The Program ofcity Hall Forum Administrative functions Cultural and information functions Business use (offices, retail, services, restaurants, boutique hotel) 17
Erzsébet Square Gödör 18
PUBLIC REALM PROGRAMMES I. PEDESTRIAN AND LIMITED TRAFFIC AREAS MAIN STREET AND MAIN SQUARE PROJECTS Thematic programs Government District Pest Broadway Heart of Budapest Programme Old Jewish Quarter Palace Quarter (Palotanegyed) Ráday Street (Kultucca) 19
Palace Quarter (Józsefváros) public space regeneration and traffic calming in the Krúdy Gyula street area Reconstruction of the Budapest Public Library (1999) Further public space regeneration - Szabó Ervin square, Ötpacsirta street, Reviczky street (2002) Ráday Street revitalization and traffic calming 20
Nagymező Street regeneration and traffic calming Cultural institution reconstructions Pedestrianization of Hajós street Liszt Ferenc square and park revitalization Király Street reconstruction and traffic calming (2004) 21
Király Street reconstruction and traffic calming (2004) PUBLIC REALM PROGRAMMES II. CULTURAL PROJECTS 22
Millenáris Park on the old Ganz Factory site 23
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PUBLIC REALM PROGRAMMES III. AREAS OF INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT 26
Change of the 100 year old main water pipe (1994) Wall-to-wall public space renewal large sidewalk surfaces Change of tram tracks (1997) Renewal of some main architectural elements (hotels, West Train Station main facade) Reconstruction of Grand Boulevard PUBLIC REALM PROGRAMMES IV. AREAS OF TRANSFERS METRO4 AREAS 27
M1 M5 M4 M2 M3 Kelenföld-Etele intermodal junction Tétényi Business Centre New Buda Centre Heart of Budapest Rákóczi Retail Corridor Erkel Opera/Theatre Bosnyák District Centre Regeneration and business opportunities Gellért Square 28
Móricz Zsigmond Square PUBLIC REALM PROGRAMMES V. AREAS OF TRANSFERS INTERMODAL NODES 29
Moszkva Square 30
2012. 03. 02. Moszkva Square 2012. 03. 02. BUDAPEST, 62 31
Moszkva Square another approach 2012. 03. 02. Population density from city center Forrás: Alain Bertaud 32
Characteristics of population density Forrás: Alain Bertaud Flórián tér Fővárosi előkészítés magánerő bevonás Közcélú parkoló Kelenföld Etele tér Fővárosi előkészítés Magánerő bevonás P+R, közútfejlesztés Újpest Városkapu Fővárosi előkészítés magánerő bevonás P+R Örs Vezér tere és környéke Fővárosi előkészítés magánerő bevonás P+R, Határ út Fővárosi előkészítés magánerő bevonás Határ út, Ferihegyi út és kötöttpálya, P+R 5 project areas affect the life of 600 000 people (1.7 million inhabitants in Bp, 2.5 million in agglomeration) Area development, mixed use projects versus individual monofunctional projects With strong public space revitalization aspect With innovative functional and restructuring ideas Integration of urban planning and transportation Planning as a process versus planning as a result Efficient Urban Structure Subcenter system 33
West Gate area 200-250 000 sqm Primarily office, hotel, education and sport, P+R, residential M1-M7 CONNECTIVITY, INTERMODALITY Metro 4 Etele Square area 200-250 000 sqm Primarily retail, Office, services residential, P+R Railroad Including suburban lines Kelenföld-Etele Intermodal Centre 34
PUBLIC REALM PROGRAMMES VI. WITHIN PRIVATE PROJECTS MOM Park 35
MOM Park MOM Park 36
Allee New Buda Center 37
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PUBLIC REALM PROGRAMMES VII. CREATIVE, BOTTOM-UP PROGRAMS Placcc yearly projects Outdoor Salon 43
Open Courtyard Project Medence Group Thank you for your attention! ebeleznay@yahoo.com 44