Smart Electric Vehicle Solution for Transportation System Sustainability 1 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011
Electric Vehicle Terminology Terminology EVSE: Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment PHEV: Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles BEV: Battery Electric Vehicles EV: Electric Vehicles generic name for PHEV & BEV Level 1 (Slow Charging) g) 120VAC, 15A, compatible with the most commonly available grounded electrical outlet Typical charge time: 15-20+ hours Level 2 (Faster Charging) 208-240VAC, up to 80A Typical charge time: 4-8 hours DC Charging Typical charge time: 15-30 minutes ours H 20 15 10 5 0 Example: Nissan Leaf -24 kwh battery -100 mile range -Level 1 = 20 hours -Level 2 = 8 hours -Level 3 = 30 mins Source: NissanUSA web site EV Charging Times (approx) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 2 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011
Why Electric Vehicles? No tail-pipe Emissions Potential of lower total cost of ownership Higher Reliability less less moving parts and fluids No noise pollution Reduced Oil Consumption no oil dumping in the environment Overnight Charging demand-side management of electricity July 2010 3 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011 Proprietary & Confidential Information 3
Emissions reduced by EV Energy-related CO2 emissions well-to-wheel EV has zero Tank-to- Wheel emissions Each car replaced by EV saves ~3.5 MT of CO2 annually 4 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011
EV and Efficiency improvement Type Conventional cars Electric vehicles Fuel Electricity Electricity consumption equivalent consumption (L/km) (Wh/km) (Wh/km) Reduction Car 0.085 909 488 46% Van 0.12 1283 600 53% Small truck 016 0.16 1910 1000 48% 5 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011
EV Growth Motivators Pain at the pump Government Support Price differential EV charging g infrastructure The global market value of smart grid manufacturing related to plug-in and electric vehicle deployment is $29 billion. This equates to nearly 42% of the total smart grid market value. 6 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011
EV International Initiatives: - USA: $2.4B investment in EV technologies - EU 2020 vision: 20/20/20 (renewable/efficiency/emissions) - Spain 1 million EV by 2014 - Denmark 100% EV for new car sales by 2011 - GE committed to purchase 25K VOLT PHEV by 2011 7 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011
Government investment programs EU USA Japan China Source: Powertrain 2020, Electromobility-challenges challenges & opportunities for infrastructure providers Discussion paper June 1 st, 2011 - Roland Berger Strategy Consultants 8 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011
Auto Manufacturer Activity Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV): 2010 Coda Automotive Sedan 2010 Mitsubishi imiev BEV 2010 Nissan LEAF 2010 Ford Battery Electric Van 2010 Tesla Roadster Sport EV 2010 Chevy Volt Extended Range EV 2011 Peugeot Urban EV* 2011 Renault Kangoo Z.E. 2011 Renault Fluence Z.E. 2011 Tesla Model S 2011 BYD e6 Electric Vehicle 2011 Ford Battery Electric Small Car 2011 Opel Ampera Extended Range* 2012 Fiat 500 minicar 2012 Renault City Car* 2012 Renault Urban EV* 2012 Audi e-tron Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV): 2010 Lexus HS 250h 2010 Mercedes E Class Hybrid 2010 Porsche Cayenne S Hybrid 2010 Toyota Camry Hybrid 2010 Toyota Prius Hybrid 2011 Audi A8 Hybrid (likely introduction) 2011 BMW 5-Series ActiveHybrid 2011 Honda CR-Z sport hybrid coupe 2011 Lexus CT 200h Hybrid Hatchback 2011 Peugeot Diesel Hybrid* 2011 Suzuki Kizashi Hybrid 2011 Audi Q5 Crossover Hybrid 2011 Hyundai Sonata Hybrid 2011 Infiniti M35 Hybrid 2014 Ferrari Hybrid 2013 Volkswagen E-Up* 2016 Tesla EV Source: www.electricdrive.org *European Launch 9 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011
Middle East Energy Challenges 38% 115% 67% Middle East population growth between 2010-2030 Middle East Electricity demand increase between 2010-2030 1 CO 2 emissions growth from the Middle East between 2010-2030 2 2 Source: International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2009 3 Source: International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2009 assumes no change in current climate policies 10 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011
GHG Emissions in GCC Total GHG emissions i from GCC = 735.21 million metric tons of CO2 in 2005 Kuwait 10.43% Qatar 7.3% UAE 18.75% Om 4% Bah 3.4% KSA 56% 11 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011
UAE in comparison CO2 emissions seven times higher than Japan s per capita emission ~same population Country (population) Qatar (0.85M) UAE(4M) Singapore (4.4M) Per-capita Per-capita Tons of CO2 MWh 68.15 15.91 33.72 12.87 30.2 7.7 advanced policy for reducing emissions Malaysia (23M) Japan (127M) 6.5 9.6 3.3 7.6 12 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011
Growth Dilemma & the need for smart solutions Population Growth + Industrialization Growth Electricity Demand Increase + Transportation system expansion Need for smarter solutions to help achieve sustainability Energy Delivery & Utilization Renewable resources Smart grid solutions Electric vehicles Transportation System 13 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011
An Evolving Complex Grid PEV 14 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011
Middle East Road to EV? very bumpy! N O Policy & Regulation Regulatory mandates for EV deployment Vision for EV integration into Smart Grid Incentive policy from utilities (TOU) Financial incentives to promote EV use Fuel subsidy GCC Technology Challenges Public Awareness Minimal focus of EV suppliers on ME Environmental challenge (heat/humidity) Lacking public awareness on Green Absence of academia in EV space Performance metrics (speed vs. green) Positive promoters Purchasing power in GCC Adequate power capacity available in GCC Potential zero well-to-wheel emissions EV adoption in Masdar city in Abu Dhabi Potential revenue through carbon trading EHS drivers in industrial and O&G sectors 15 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011
Electric Vehicles are Coming and so is the need for electric infrastructure!! Current Global Forecasts for EV Charging Stations - 20K installations in 2010-3MM installations by 2015 Geographical Mix - 54% in USA - 23% in China - 23% ROW (mainly Europe) Middle East Story?? 16 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011 Source: ABI Research, April 201
EV Infrastructure is more than just the charger! Utility Supply Utility Transformer Switchgear Switchboards And Panelboards Sub-metering General Purpose Transformers Load Centers for every $1 spent on charging stations, 50c need to be spent on infrastructure GE WattStation Need to examine: Voltage drop - Voltage imbalance - Transformer thermal limit - Cable thermal limit, & Network losses 17 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011
GE WattStation Specification GE WattStation will be a modular design that can be upgraded as new technology arrives and customer needs change Basic: Supply Needs: 208-240VAC @ 32A with 40A overload (2 pole) GF Protection with Ground Monitor (UL 2231) Charger & Vehicle Communication (NEC 625) - Connection Interlock - Personnel Protection - Automatic De-Energizing Device - Ventilation Interlock - Connection for SAE J1772 Plug & Cord LED Lights & Display Indoor & Outdoor Enclosure (NEMA 4) Commerce Options: Card Reader, Card Swipe for Credit Cards Communication Options: - Open Network Communications Ethernet CAT5, RS485, RS232 - Intelligent Meters for the Smart Grid interface 18 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011
Operating & Environmental Benefits On average the WattStation decreases EV charging time from 12-18 hours to as little as 4-8 hours compared to standard charging, assuming a 24 kwh battery and a full-cycle charge. If 10,000 vehicle owners switched from gaspowered passenger cars to EVs, over 33,000 metric tons of CO2 emissions could be avoided annually. 19 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011
Considerations for charging station specifications 1.Is the product certified for UL 2594, UL 2231, and NEC 625? 2.Can the supplier also provide circuit protection devices, transformers and panel-boards to provide a total electrical system? 3.Has the product been designed to be easily upgradeable as new communication options and technology arrives? 4.Do options exist for open communication protocols, nonsubscription based commerce, and smart grid interface? 5.Has the charger been designed for ease of use, durability and has the right consumer brand to overcome barriers to adoption? 6.Can the supplier provide project management support? Are they experienced at operating in the electrical industry? 7.What happens if you need spare parts or have a technical question? Does the supplier have 24/7 post sales support? GE 20 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011
GE Smart Charging Architecture Smart Meter+ DMS Transformer overload visibility DMS DRMS DR1000 Demand Response Key to grid control and management EV Charging Station Management Server OMS sems Enterpris se Service Bus AMI Head End AMI Networ k HAN CIS MDMS 21 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011
Requirements for EV Mass Deployment Public Awareness Clean Energy Policy Smart Grid EV Mass Deployment Incentive Policy Adequate Charging Infrastructure 22 / / Saturday, July 02, 2011
All mankind is divided into three classes; those that are immovable, Those that are movable, and those that move. Benjamin Franklin
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