What s the matter? Jess Wade Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
How can we describe stuff? How it looks (shiny,dull, color) How it feels (hard, soft, rough, smooth) How it smells (sweet, sharp, terrible, no smell) How it sounds (loud, soft, echo, no sound) What it does (bounce, stretch, tear, break, magnetic)
What are the states of matter?
What are the states of matter? Turn up heat
Solids A solid is matter that has that has definite size and shape. Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position Some solids are made of small pieces (like sand) which can be poured like a liquid
Liquids A liquid takes the shape of any container. Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another What other liquids can you name? Do all liquids behave the same? The slippiness of a material is called the viscosity.
Let s race different liquids Which is the fastest?: Water Syrup Ketchup Vegetable Oil Glycerine Cream
What will happen when we freeze: Distilled (pure) water Tap water Salty Water Coloured Water Lemonade
Gases Gas is matter that has no definite shape. Gases take the shape of whatever container they are in. Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely. When we heat a gas up it gains more energy and takes up more space Can you name any gases?
What happens when we heat a gas up? Heat = Energy Give the molecules more energy = move faster
How do we use expanding gases everyday? 1. Use a pair of scissors to make a hole in the top of the bottle lid, big enough for the drinking straw to fit through. 2. Fill the bottle halfway with cold water. 3. Add a few drops of food colouring and mix. 4. Screw on the bottle lid and insert the straw through it into the water, making sure that the straw does not touch the base of the bottle. 5. Seal around the hole in the lid using play dough, thereby fixing the straw in place. The seal must be completely airtight. 6. Place one hand on the upper part of the bottle. What happens to the liquid in the straw, and why? A rigid plastic bottle with a lid Plasticine A transparent plastic drinking straw A pair of scissors Food colouring Tap water
Let s re- cap! Solid Liquid Gas How close are the particles? How are the particles arranged? How do the particles move? Close together Close together Far apart Regular arrangement Random arrangement Random arrangement Vibrate on the spot Move around each other Move quickly in all directions
But what happens if we heat a gas to 1,000,000,000 C? A plasma is an ionized gas. Very good conductor of electricity. Feels magnetic fields. Plasmas have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Quick Question! Which is a gas? a. fruit juice b. air c. books
Physical Changes vs. Chemical Changes A physical change is a change in how matter looks, but not the kind of matter is it is. Tear Cut Fold Bend Boiling Melting Dissolving A chemical change forms new matter Burning Rusting Cooking We can tell when a chemical change has happened: Heat Light Gas Produced A new solid Fire Rust
Phase Changes When temperature changes, matter can undergo a phase change, shifting from one form to another Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Solid to liquid Melting Heat goes into the solid as it melts. Liquid to solid Freezing Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes. Liquid to gas Vaporization (boiling/evaporation) Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes. Gas to liquid Condensation Heat leaves the gas as it condenses. Solid to gas Sublimation Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates.
Use your physics to explain these:
CO 2 What is carbon dioxide (CO 2 )? Solid form it s called dry ice Why is it called dry ice? What happens if we leave ice and dry ice?
Dry ice in water Each bubble is filled with very cold CO 2 and a small amount of water vapor (evaporated water) Water vapor condenses inside the bubble forming a white cloud (or fog ) The fog is cold and sinks Hot water vapor produced by boiling water which rises
Dry ice sublimes Evidence: Ice cube = small puddle of water Dry ice = disappears CO 2 does not have a liquid phase under normal atmospheric conditions
Floating Bubbles Bubbles float on the invisible layer of carbon dioxide gas produced by the dry ice CO 2 is more dense than, and descends in normal air Because the air filled bubbles are less dense, they float on the invisible layer of CO 2 in the aquarium. Helium filled balloons float in air because helium is less dense than air. Any substance will float when immersed in a fluid (gas/liquid) if the substance is less dense than the fluid.
Popping Canisters The lid pops off because the dry ice sublimes à cold gas. Gas heats up inside the canister until it reaches room temperature Gases expand as they heat up Container cannot stretch Pressure increases until the lid can no longer contain it
Some things boil and freeze at the same time! https://youtu.be/xebmhmdhq2i
What did we learn? 3 states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) Solid Liquid Gas How close are the particles? How are the particles arranged? How do the particles move? Close together Regular arrangement Vibrate on the spot
What did we learn? Solid Liquid Gas How close are the particles? How are the particles arranged? How do the particles move? Close together Close together Far apart Regular arrangement Random arrangement Random arrangement Vibrate on the spot Move around each other Move quickly in all directions Do all liquids move at the same speed? How could we put energy into a gas? What happens when we put energy into a gas?
What did we see? Dry ice changes directly from solid to gas (sublimation) Normal ice (water) changes from solid to liquid (melting) before evaporating into gas Dry ice sublimes more quickly when in water Fog cloud: Bubbles of carbon dioxide formed under water by dry ice are filled with a white cloud made of condensed water Floating bubbles: Air filled soap bubbles float on carbon because carbon dioxide is more dense than air Film canisters: Gas formed by dry ice expands as it heats up causing pressure to build up Pressure enough cause the lid to pop off
What did we learn about Dry Ice? Dry ice is frozen carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Normal ice is frozen water (H 2 O) solid water melts (freezes) at 0 C Carbon dioxide is a gas at room temperature Solid carbon dioxide becomes gas (sublimes) at 78 C Ice cube = small puddle of water Dry ice = disappears CO 2 does not have a liquid phase under normal atmospheric conditions Dry ice is too cold to touch with bare hands = freeze burns to skin Air contains nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide