Bus Technologies NHO Transport 10.07.2015
The Future of Bus Technologies Agenda 1 Diesel Biodiesel and synthetic diesel 2 CNG The clean and economic alternative 3 Electrical technology the future solution < 2 >
The Future of Bus Technologies Use of diesel / biodiesel; Diesel B7 norm EN 590 Biodiesel norm EN 14214 Biodiesel generation 2 synthetic diesel EN 15940 All engine have to be certified for the different fuel types, according to Euro 6 level. MAN have made the certifications for use of biodiesel EN 14214 < 3 >
CNG is a well known technology MAN: History - 70 years of gas bus experience 2013 2001 1998 Low floor CNG-Bus Typ A26, Euro VI 1994 Low floor CNG-Bus Typ A21, EEV 1992 Low floor CNG-Bus Typ A23 1943 1972 first CNG-Bus in Germany, SL202 Low floor CNG-Bus Typ A14 1996 1998 LNG-truck, LNG-Bus F2000 first MAN gas bus (city gas) CNG-truck, F2000 < 4 >
CNG Sales Sales of CNG buses & engines (2000 2014) Gas-Bus Sales (units) Schweden 1 322 Turkey 1 289 Germany 799 Spain 580 Netherlands 559 Norway 350 Portugal 294 Australia 240 Italy 65 UK 37 Luxembourg 35 Switzerland 35 Finland 31 Poland 29 Lichtenstein 19 France 12 Gas-Engine Sales (units) Iran 2,100 Russia 430 Turkey 300 Σ ~ 8,000 sold units from 2000 to 2014, thereof ~ 2,830 engines Shown sales markets > 10 sold units < 5 >
Biogas as clean as E-Mobility Solutions MAN CNG buses in Norway using biomethane MAN CNG-buses are capable to use processed biogas (in accordance with gas quality standard DIN 51624) 350 MAN CNG-buses are in service in Norway < 6 >
CNG The simple Euro6 solution Euro 6 strategies: Diesel & CNG comparison Euro 6 Diesel requires EGR & SCR technologies to be combined: Euro 6 CNG only requires 3-way catalyst! - No AdBlue required - HC- and CO-oxidation, NO-reduction < 7 >
CNG far below Euro6 limits Emissionen E2876LUH 07 WHTC Euro 6 10,0 10,00 10,00 Emissionen 8,0 6,0 4,0 4,00 EURO VI (WHTC - Grenzwert) E 2876 LUH07 7,12 6,00 * 2,0 0,0 2,14 1,25 0,28 0,50 0,46 0,160,02 0,22 0,38 CO NMHC Methan NOx Partikel NH3 Partikelzahl g/kwh g/kwh g/kwh g/kwh mg/kwh ppm 10E11 WHTC = World-wide Harmonised Transient Cycle Wheighting: 14% cold + 86 % warm Test gas: G25, Emission levels including deterioration factor * From 09/2014 the particle limit is to be fulfilled < 8 >
Economic view CNG with lowest LCC Cost Comparison Calculation Basis - 15 % Operation period: 10 years Annual mileage: 60.000km Labour rate & parts costs to German standards Diesel cost * : 1,40 per litre CNG cost * : 1,00 per kg Fuel consumption: - 50/50 % mix SORT 1 & 2 - MAN D20 diesel engine - MAN E28 CNG engine Diesel Gas Vehicle costs Repair & maintanece Fuel costs * Source: NGVA Europe aver. EU-Price Gas vs. Diesel: 60/100 Price: 10 years average of future development < 9 >
The Future of Bus Technologies Cost analysis USA Kilde: United States Department of Transportation Research and Innovative Technology Administration < 10 >
The Future of Bus Technologies Summary CNG GAS - the only public transport solutions that is: Reliable Clean with low noise level CO 2 neutral with biogas Affordable < 11 >
The Future of Bus Technologies Hybrid Solution Seriell Hybrid, without batteries, is the closest MAN are to el. buses Parallell Hybrid have normal engine as drive system with traditional gearbox, when driving without electricity. < 12 >
The Future of Bus Technologies - electrical buses Challenges - cold areas Charging batteries Conductive, inductive Changing batteries Environmental issue AC - Heating systems Alternative heating based on diesel / CNG Battery capacities over time Increasing numbers of batteries are in conflict with weight capacity / number of passengers < 13 >
The Future of Bus Technologies < 14 >
The Future of Bus Technologies Going for gas! < 15 >
CO 2 emissions of different technologies Environmental Aspects - 24 % - 97 % source: DENA < 16 >
The Future of Bus Technologies < 17 >
Bus Technologies