College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences Department of Health Science Medical Imaging Science Programme 1 st Semester Examination 2015 BMIS 1 MIM 505 Medical Imaging Methods I Date: 9 th June, 2015 Duration: 1 ½ Hours Reading Time: 10 Minutes TOTAL MARKS POSSIBLE: 80 MARKS SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS Write your answers in the space provided in the Question Paper. (80 Marks) Note: ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS. No separate Answer Sheets will be provided. FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Q.1 Chest Radiography Total Marks Gained: % a) Which vertebral body do the following landmarks coincide with? (2 ½ Marks) i. Jugular Notch ii. Sternal Angle iii. Xiphoid Process iv. Inferior Border of the Scapula v. Lower Costal Margin b) How does an AP radiograph of the chest differ from the PA radiograph of the chest? List 3 differences. c) What is teleradiography? (1 Mark) d) What is the purpose of using teleradiography in chest imaging? (1 Mark) e) State the patient positioning and centering point for the projection you would use to best demonstrate the upper airway. f) What is the purpose of doing an apical lordotic projection? What structures are demonstrated in the mentioned projection? 2
Q.2 Clavicle & Sternum Radiography a) Why would you perform RAO for sternum instead of LAO? (1 Mark) b) State 5 ways of giving radiation protection to a patient during a sternum examination. (2 ½ Marks) c) What is the purpose of asking a patient to hold weights when examining the clavicles and scapulae? Q.3 Thumb & Finger Radiography a) Will you do an AP or PA projection of the thumb? Give a reason for your answer. b) State the patient positioning and centering point for the projection you would use for a patient with suspected collateral ligament injury. 3
Q.4 Hand Radiography a) The exposure factors you used for PA Hand were 44kV / 100mA / 0.02s. With reasons, mention what would be your exposure factors for the oblique projection. b) What is the advantage of using a fan-lateral projection of the hand compared to the basic lateral projection of the hand? (2 Marks) c) What is the radiographic advantage of using a wedge filter for a postero-anterior projection of the hand? (1 Mark) Q.5 Wrist Radiography a) What modification will you do to ensure that your postero-anterior wrist projection is a true postero-anterior projection? Give a reason for your modification. b) What modification will you do to ensure that your lateral wrist projection is a true lateral projection? Give a reason for your modification. c) The exposure factors you used for PA Wrist were 46kV / 100mA / 0.03s. With reasons, mention what would be your exposure factors for the same wrist if the patient presents with wet plaster of Paris. 4
Q.6 Forearm & Elbow Radiography a) Will you perform an AP or PA projection of the forearm? Give a reason for your answer. b) State the patient positioning and centering point for the projection you would use to demonstrate the radial head in profile. Q.7 Humerus & Shoulder Radiography a) State the patient positioning and centering point for the projection you would use to demonstrate the bicipital groove. b) State the patient positioning and centering point for the projection you would use for patient complaining of shoulder impingement. 5
Q.8 Cervical Spine Radiography a) State the patient positioning and centering point for the projection you would use to demonstrate the dens if your patient is unable to open the mouth. b) State the patient positioning and centering point for the lateral projection of the cervical vertebra. Q.9 Thoracic Spine Radiography a) What is the purpose of using a breathing technique for the lateral projection of the thoracic vertebrae? (1 Mark) b) State the patient positioning and centering point for the projection you would use to demonstrate kyphosis of the thoracic spines. 6
Q.10 Lumbar Spine Radiography a) What are the projections for a scoliosis series? b) State the patient positioning and centering point for the projection you would use to confirm patient has spondylolysis. Q.11 Sacrum & Coccyx Radiography a) State the patient positioning and centering point for lateral of sacrum. b) State the patient positioning and centering point for AP axial of coccyx. 7
Q.12 Match the pathologies on the left with the corresponding definitions on the right. First one is completed for you as an example. (20 Marks) Aspiration 10 1. Fracture of the base of 5 th metacarpal Atelectasis Bennett s # Boxer s # Bursitis Clay Shoveler s # Colle s # Dislocation Fracture Galeazzi # Hangman s # Jefferson s # Kyphosis Lordosis Monteggia # Pneumonia Pneumothorax Scoliosis Smith s # Spondylolisthesis Tendonitis 2. Comminuted fracture of the ring of C1 3. Accumulation of air in the pleural cavity 4. Fracture of the radius with dislocation of distal radio-ulnar joint 5. Fracture of anterior arch of C2 due to hyperextension 6. Inflammation of the lungs 7. Exaggerated curvature of the lumbar vertebrae 8. Forward movement of one vertebra over the adjacent vertebra 9. Fracture of the base of 1 st metacarpal 10. Inspiration of a foreign material into the airway 11. Lateral curvature of the vertebral column 12. Fracture of distal radius & ulna with posterior displacement 13. A collapse of all or part of the lung 14. Displacement of a bone from the joint space 15. Inflammation of the tendon and tendon-muscle attachment 16. Fracture of distal radius & ulna with anterior displacement 17. Disruption in the continuity of bone 18. Inflammation of the bursa 19. Avulsion fracture of the spinous process of the lower cervical vertebrae 20. Fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with dislocation of proximal radio-ulnar joint 21. Exaggerated curvature of the thoracic vertebrae 8