Biology 2 Quiz Cell Structure and Membrane Transport Name Multiple Choice (1-15) Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Figure 7-1 1. The structure labeled H in Figure 7-1 (the small dots) produce proteins for the cell. It is called the a. ribosome b. mitochondria c. Golgi apparatus. d. chloroplast 2. The cell/plasma membrane has lipids called phospholipids. Which of the following is true of phospholipids? a. They are proteins b. The head of the molecule is polar c. The tails are hydrophilic d. They allow all substances to easily pass through the membrane 3. Prokaryotic cells do not have a. cytoplasm. b. a cell membrane. c. a nucleus. d. DNA. 4. Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes? a. Plants b. Animals c. Bacteria d. Protists (like amoeba, paramecium, and euglena) 5. When a cell engulfs solid materials that are too large to pass through the plasma membrane, it is called: a. phagocytosis b. pinocytosis c. exocytosis d. Facilitated diffusion
6. Which of the following is not part of the cell theory? a. All cells come from preexisting cells b. All cells contain a nucleus c. All living things are made of one or more cells d. Cells are the basic unit of structure for all living things 7. The cell membrane is made mostly of which type(s) of organic compounds? a. carbohydrates b. Lipids, proteins, and cholesterol c. Nucleic acids and lipids d. Proteins and carbohydrates 8. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a. an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. b. an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. c. an area of equilibrium to an area of high concentration. d. all of the above 9. When the concentration of water molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same (as a cell in an isotonic solution), the water molecules will a. move across the membrane to the outside of the cell. b. stop moving across the membrane. c. move across the membrane, but equally in both directions. d. move across the membrane to the inside of the cell. 10. Which type of membrane transport requires the input of energy from the cell? a. simple diffusion b. osmosis c. Facilitated diffusion d. endocytosis 11. If plant cells are placed in a concentrated salt solution: a. Water will pass from the salt solution into the cells b. the cytoplasm of the cell will shrink due to water loss c. No plasmolysis will occur d. Turgor pressure would build up against the cell wall 12. Particles move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration by _. a. facilitated diffusion c. osmosis b. passive transport d. active transport 13. A muscle cell (because of the amount of energy it needs) would have more _ than a skin cell. a. lysosomes c. ribosomes b. cilia d. mitochondria 14. A vesicle is produced by the ER that contains proteins that need to be glycosylated (meaning a carbohydrate will be attached to the protein thus changing or modifying the protein). Which organelle would modify these proteins and then repackage them into vesicles and send them to their final destination? a. ribosome c. nucleolus b. lysosome d. Golgi 15. What structure prevents a plant cell from bursting when it is in a fresh water environment? a. mitochondria c. Cell membrane b. Cell wall d. chloroplast
Put all remaining questions on lined paper please. Matching: Lysosome Cytoskeleton Chloroplast Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuole 1) Composed of 3 types of protein filaments that help cells to maintain their shape as well as helping to transport materials (like macromolecules and organelles) inside the cell 2) Series of membranes outside of the nucleus that is involved with making lipids or helping to send proteins off to the Golgi apparatus. 3) Organelle that contains digestive enzymes that break down bacteria, nutrients, or worn out organelles 4) Organelle involved in storing water, wastes and nutrients. In plants, it aids in structural support when it is filled with water 5) Produces glucose for plant cells using carbon dioxide and water. Short Answer Use the diagram of the cell and its surrounding environment below to answer the questions BE SURE TO LOOK AT THE KEY ABOVE THE DIAGRAM! KEY = sugar = water 1) What type of membrane transport would the cell use to get more sugar into the cell? Explain your answer. 2) In what direction will water naturally move (into or out of the cell) based on the number of water molecules inside the cell vs. outside? Explain your answer. 3) What is the name of this process you described in question #2 above?
Membrane Structure (4-5) 4. To the left is a picture of the cell membrane showing only phospholipids. Water is found both inside and outside the cell. Which part of the phospholipid molecules (head or tails) would be nonpolar (hydrophobic)? Explain your reasoning. Look at the picture of the membrane protein channel below and answer 5 5) Shown at the left is a protein channel in the phospholipid bilayer of the membrane. a) What is the purpose of these proteins? b) What kinds of substances (polar/charged OR nonpolar) would have to use these membrane proteins and WHY? c) BONUS (1 point): What kind of amino acids (polar/charged OR nonpolar) would line the interior of the channel? WHY do you think this? 6) A patient in the hospital is going in for an operation. In order to maintain hydration, the patient will receive an IV containing a solution that is 0.9% sodium chloride (the same as the concentration of the fluids in the bloodstream and the cytoplasm of blood cells). However, the nurse in charge of the patient used a solution that contained less sodium chloride (only about 0.5%). If the patient receives too much of this IV fluid, what could happen to the patient s red blood cells? Explain your answer using your knowledge of osmosis. Also use at least TWO of the following words in your answer (hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic) (HINT: Assume that the remaining percentage of the 0.9% and the 0.5% IV solution is made of only water)