InnovaWood/Wood Technology Institute Poznan, 25-26.06.2007 Wood market in Poland: structure of use, industrial and energy purposes Prof. Ewa Ratajczak, PhD Wojciech Cichy, PhD Joanna Pikul, MSc Wood Technology Institute Poznan, Poland
Forest sector in Poland (2005) Forest area 9.0 M ha Forest cover 28.8 % Growing stock of standing wood 1.8 bn m 3 Removals: total 31.9 M m 3 rank in EU-25 5 (behind: - Sweden, - Germany, - Finland, - France)
Wood market in Poland main trends Economic boom thanks to the: accession to the EU and acceleration of foreign direct investments inflow Increase of export and production of wood products (partly owing to favourable EURO to PLN exchange rates) High dependence of the Polish wood industry on national timber resources Additionally increase in demand for wood as a biomass for energy purposes (result of Poland s obligation to increase the share of energy derived from renewables) Good economic situation of the wood and furniture industries and needs of the energy sector lead to the difficulties in domestic raw material supply
Dynamics of removals, exports and imports of roundwood in Poland (2000-2008) M m 3 35 30 25 27.7 26.7 Removals Export Import M m 3 32.7 31.9 32.5 33.0 33.2 30.8 29.0 2.4 2.3 2.1 2.0 3 2 20 15 10 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1 5 0 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 0 2006 estimate 2007-2008 forecast
Production and consumption of roundwood in Poland (2005, 1000 m 3 ) Removals Export Import Consumption Roundwood 31 945 604 2 045 33 386 Industrial roundwood 28 531 558 2 009 29 982 coniferous 21 357 506 887 21 738 nonconiferous 7 174 52 1 122 8 244 Fuelwood 3 414 46 36 3 404
How/where to use?
Wood-based panels 25% Consumption of roundwood in Poland Sawnwood 52% Wood pulp 13% Other production 4% Other purposes 6% 2005 Total consumption of roundwood = 33.4 M m 3 of which: 94% industry 5% energy 1% other (agriculture, gardening) Roundwood: - industrial wood: 99% industry 1% energy - fuelwood: 55% industry 45% energy
Poland in EU-25 acc. to production of wood and wood products RANKING ROUNDWOOD 31.9 31.9 M mm3 3 SAWNWOOD 3.3 3.3 M m3 m 3 WOOD-BASED PANELS 6.7 6.7 M m3 m 3 WOOD WOOD PULP PULP 1.1 1.1 M ton ton PAPER AND AND PAPERBOARD 2.7 2.7 M ton ton FURNITURE 5 bn bn FLOORING 50 50 M mm2 2 5 5 7 7 5 5 8 8 10 10 6 6 3 3
Other sources of raw material in Poland (2005) 1000 m 3 Chips from the forestry Total 227 industry 227 Purposes energy - Wood from fast-growing trees 700 120 580 Wood from trees outside the forest 545-545 Industrial wood waste 7210 3942 3268 Bark 1400 140 1260 Used wood 6270-251 ITD estimation
Installed electric capacity in Poland (2005) Total: 35 404 MW 6.3% Hydroelectric power plants 0.5% Renewables - total 155 MW Thermal power plants 93.2% 92% public 8% industrial
Production of electricity from renewables in Poland (2005) Total: 241 GWh In Poland by regions: 126.9 0.6 4.4 11.1 17.7 12.7 21.2 0 10.9 3.4 11.9 3.1 4.4 4.5 The share of renewable energy in the total production of energy amounts to 5.4% and in the consumption of energy 4.6% 6.1 1.6
Production of renewable energy in Poland (2005) Total: 4 260 thou. toe (ton of oil equivalent) of which: from biomass 3 898 thou. toe 0.3% 4.4% 3.6% 0.2% 91.5% geothermal from biomass from wind from water other
Wooden raw materials/products for energy generation: wood chips sawdust wood waste from the industry (mainly sawmills) recovered wood (mostly from packaging) bark wood from trees outside the forest wood from fast-growing trees (e.g. willow) solid biofuels (pellets, briquettes)
Consumers of wooden fuels (1): Power plants: sawdust wood chips wood from fast-growing trees (e.g. willow) Industrial heat installations: sawdust wood chips wood waste from the sawmilling industry recovered (used) wood wood from trees outside the forest
Consumers of wooden fuels (2): Household heat systems: wood waste from the sawmilling industry recovered (used) wood wood from trees outside the forest fuelwood from forests solid biofuels (pellets, briquettes)
Price of unit of heat for households in Poland 35 30 32,73 29,48 27,73 May 2007 25 20 15 10 5 19,01 17,04 12,82 13,9 9,14 9,84 5,73 7,34 3,72 5,73 4,47 Price of unit of energy [EUR/GJ] 0 Straw Wood fuel Wood chips Pellets Coal dust Coke Hard coal Fuel oil Natural gas LPG (propane) Heat pomp Electric heating I rate Electric heating II rate Electric heating III rate Source: Wach E., www.komunalny.pl
Production and use of pellets in Poland 300 Production 280 250 Use 200 [thou.mg] 200 150 100 120 50 20 0 6 25 35 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year Source: Wach E., www.komunalny.pl
Country Use Import Export Austria 390 390 Belgium 400 380 Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Spain Netherlands Ireland 10 1000 5 20 50 5 100 10 800 25 235 200 40 45 30 Use of pellets for energy generation in European countries Lithuania Latvia 5 30 65 350 [thou. Mg/Year] Germany 450 20 Poland Slovakia 35 10 245 40 Source: Wach E., www.komunalny.pl Switzerland 90 35 Sweden 1810 350 Great Britain Italy 45 550 180
Prices of wood fuels Poland 2007 (1) Wood chips: - Power plants 10 EUR/m 3 - Wood-based panels industry 11-14 EUR/m 3 Sawdust: - Power plants 6-8 EUR/m 3 - Wood-based panels industry 7.5-12 EUR/m 3 - Pellet factories 7.5-16 EUR/m 3 Pellets: - producer s price(15 kg bags) 100-220 EUR/Mg - real price 130-170 EUR/Mg
Prices of wood fuels Poland 2007 (2) Briquettes: - for industrial use 65 90 EUR/Mg - for individual use (e.g. block) 90 110 EUR/Mg - PiniKey type to 140 EUR/Mg Willow: - chips about 10 EUR/m 3 Recovered (used) wood: ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 10 EUR/Mg Hard coal: - for individual use about 100 EUR/Mg
Conclusions (1): 1. Poland is a country with a great potential of wooden raw material in the European scale. 2. Poland is one of main European producers of many wood materials and products especially of wood-based panels, furniture and flooring. 3. Due to Poland s obligation to increase the share of renewable energy in the total energy balance; as well as good economic conditions, recent years have shown a shortage of roundwood on the market.
Conclusions (2): 4. Wood-processing should be a priority in using wood. 5. For energy purposes one should use wood not suitable for wood-processing (worst quality, from recycling, used wood etc.) 6. Increasing the production of energy from biomass should not be the only solution (alternative sources: wind, water energy).
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