Renewable Energies in the Canary Islands: Present and Future Gonzalo Piernavieja Izquierdo Director Energy, Water & Bioengineering Division Canary Islands Institute of Technology (Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias ITC) European RE Islands Conference, Brussels, 21 September 2005 1
ENERGY CONTEXT OF THE CANARIAN ARCHIPELAGO Socioeconomic considerations Total population: 2 Millions (+ approx. 250.000 equiv. permanently living tourists = 12 Million per year!!)) 7 islands with different dimensions and features (total area: 7.500 km 2 ) Significant economic development in the last 15 years, GDP based on tertiary sector (tourism) Energy Total external energy dependence Constant (significant) increase of energy demand Electricity generation based on fossil fuels (oil), relatively small power stations) (5) insular electrical systems, very difficult to interconnect (volcanic origin of the islands) Low heating energy demand, decentralized heat production 2
ENERGY CONTEXT OF THE CANARIAN ARCHIPELAGO Recent entry in force of national legislation concerning insular and extrapeninsular eletrical systems, and entry of the system operator (Red Eléctrica de España) Will to diversify energy sources (combined cycle power plants already installed, waiting for LNG introduction) Historical lack of water resources and big experience in the search of artificial water production systems (desalination market began in the 60 s) - Importance ofthewater-energybinomial Important weight of the transport sector Renewable Energies Excellent potentials (particularly wind and sun), but still low contribution to the energy balance Still lack of information, at all levels, about energy saving technologies, demand management and RE Very favourable normative framework for RE deployment (National Royal Decree 436/2004 and future Building Technical Code) Existence of qualified research groups and technology centres with know-how in this field 3
CANARY ISLANDS ENERGY CONTEXT Gas-oil 30,78% Fuel-oil/Diesel- Oil 47,39% Structure of the internal market by fuel type Kerosene 0,01% Gasoline 17,05% Reffin. Gas 1,84% LPG 2,93% Electricity 55,6% Automotion 29,9% Water + Electricity 2,4% Others 12,1% Structure of the internal market by sector 4
CANARY ISLANDS ENERGY CONTEXT Consumption of fossil fuels (2003) CANARIAN TOTAL Internal Market 3.432 Navigation* 3.594 LANZAROTE Internal Market Navigation Total 279 130 409 LA PALMA Total 7.026 Internal Market 101 *Air and Sea Navigation Total 12 113 TENERIFE Internal Market 1.433 Navigation Total 1.223 2.656 Internal Market 14 Navigation 0,1 Total 14,1 5 LA GOMERA Internal Market 26 Navigation 0,5 EL HIERRO Total 26, 5 GRAN CANARIA Internal Market 1.373 Navigation 2.125 Total 3.498 In 1000 Metric Tons FUERTEVENTURA Internal Market 206 Navigation 103 Total 309
CANARY ISLANDS ENERGY CONTEXT Technology MW Steam Turbine 714,5 Diesel Motor 438,8 Unelco Endesa Gas Turbine 508,8 Combined Cycle 371,1 PrimaryEnergySource Oil products Unelco-Endesa Thermal Power Stations Other conven. Thermal Power Stations MW 2,125 25,900 Other Power Stations Cogeneration Steam Turbine Steam Turbine Diesel Motor Gas Turbine 25,9 24,2 9,1 38,0 Cogeneration Renewable Sources Wind Minihydro PV 71,284 136,4 1,3 0,4 Electricity generation technologies Primary energy sources (1) Only grid connected installations 6
CANARY ISLANDS ENERGY CONTEXT CANARIAN TOTAL Power 2.116 Energy 8.223 MW GWh Power LANZAROTE 180,9 LA PALMA Energy 796 Power Energy 78,6 226 Power TENERIFE 795,8 Energy 3.249 LA GOMERA Power 16,2 Energy 63 GRAN CANARIA Power 905,3 Energy 3.391 FUERTEVENTURA 7 Power Energy EL HIERRO 10,1 30 Insular Electrical Systems: Installed Power and Energy Produced (2003) Power Energy 128,9 468
CANARY ISLANDS ENERGY CONTEXT Percentage of total production 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Gran Canaria Tenerife Lanzarote Fuerteventura La Palma La Gomera El Hierro Canarias Unelco-Steam Unelco-Diesel Unelco-Gas Unelco-CC Contribution of the different sources and technologies to total production, by island 8
CANARY ISLANDS ENERGY CONTEXT 9.000 8.000 7.000 6.000 Production (GWh) 5.000 4.000 3.000 2.000 1.000 Reneewables Cogeneration and other thermal plants Unelco-Endesa Power Stations 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Total electrical production by origin 9
CANARY ISLANDS ENERGY CONTEXT YEAR Gran Canaria Tenerife Lanzarote Fuerteventura La Palma La Gomera El Hierro Total Yearly 1985 1139,5 945,4 64,2 154,2 83,4 13,6 6,7 2407,0 increase 1990 1739,0 1470,5 318,9 149,9 111,1 23,6 11,3 3824,2 1995 2237,6 1937,7 407,7 242,7 157,4 35,0 17,2 5035,4 1996 2328,5 2039,0 426,6 274,3 154,6 35,4 18,1 5276,6 4,79% 1997 2490,6 2179,4 469,2 289,0 166,0 38,1 20,0 5652,4 7,12% 1998 2618,1 2329,7 509,2 310,7 181,4 42,4 21,9 6013,4 6,39% 1999 2778,3 2492,0 566,1 327,3 193,6 46,2 23,2 6426,8 6,87% 2000 2959,0 2666,4 617,7 357,0 209,1 48,7 23,4 6881,3 7,07% 2001 3131,8 2860,5 628,1 438,4 206,7 52,4 26,6 7344,6 6,73% 2002 3223,1 3006,0 718,8 444,5 208,1 56,2 27,8 7684,3 4,63% 2003 3391,2 3249,3 795,8 467,7 227,3 63,5 30,0 8224,9 7,03% Evolution of yearly electrical energy production, by island (GWh) 2.200 Power (MW) 2.000 1.800 1.600 Evolution of installed electrical power 1.400 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 10
0,500 CANARY ISLANDS ENERGY CONTEXT Energy intensity (kwh/ ) 0,450 0,400 0,350 0,300 0,375 0,291 0,383 0,293 0,389 0,308 0,399 0,402 0,316 0,322 0,418 0,342 Canarias España Evolution of energy intensity 0,250 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 51,5 39,2 33,3 39,9 24,7 26,6 32,0 15,3 20,1 7,2 13,5 6,6 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Canarias España Cumulative demand increase 11
CANARY ISLANDS ENERGY CONTEXT % 100 75 77 50 62 58 55 52 51 50 46 46 43 41 41 38 37 Spanish Average 37% 25 29 26 23 20 14 0 Canarias Baleares C. Valenciana Madrid Murcia Melilla Extremadura La Rioja Andalucía Navarra Ceuta C. La Mancha Cantabria Cataluña Galicia Castilla y León Aragón País Vasco Asturias GHG-Emissions increase in the Spansih Regions 1990-2002 12
CANARY ISLANDS ENERGY CONTEXT 16.000.000 15.000.000 14.000.000 13.000.000 Tn 12.000.000 11.000.000 +30% +75% Kyoto treshold Canary Islands 10.000.000 9.000.000 8.000.000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 CO2 Emissions trend of the current model 13
CANARY ISLANDS ENERGY CONTEXT EMISIONES TOTALES DE CO2, CANARIAS. 14.000.000 13.000.000 12.000.000 Tn 11.000.000 10.000.000 9.000.000 8.000.000 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 AÑO 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 escenario medidas Expected evolution of CO2 Emissions with the new framework 14
Changes in the energy sector: Liberalization of electrical and hydrocarbon sectors Development of RE technologies LEGAL FRAMEWORK - ENERGY PLANNING Energy Plan of the Canary Islands (PECAN 2006) Motivation Introduction of new electricity generation technologies: combined cycles Increasing concern about quality and guarantee of energy supply Increasing environmental concern: Need to promote energy efficiency and saving Commitment to Kyoto Protocol Minimization of environmental effects of energy and energy installations 15
PECAN 2006 LEGAL FRAMEWORK - ENERGY PLANNING PRINCIPLES 1. To guarantee energy supply 2. To reduce energy consumption and its environmental impact 3. To promote RE use OBJECTIVES Improvement of storage security Improvement of service quality Competitive energy prices Reduction of CO2 Emissions Reduction of energy intensity Promotion of energy saving and cogeneration Reduction of the environmental impact of energy installations Increase in the contribution of Renewable Energies 16
Objectives related to energy saving, environmental protection and RE promotion Reduction of CO2 emissions Introduction of natural gas in order to partially replace oil use - The necessary installations will be available in 2007 for Gran Canaria and in 2009 for Tenerife Reduction energy intensity and promotion of energy saving and cogeneration Dissemination campaigns and actions aimed at reducing energy consumption in public buildings, trasnport, housings and public lighting Incentives to cogeneration by means of a stability guarantee of the fuel purchase price Measures in order to achieve 800 MW wind power in 2012 Increase of RE contribution Flexible financing program for solar thermal systems (275.000 m 2 in 2012) Program for promotion of Solar PV in public buildings of the Canary Islands Regional Government (1 MWp/year in the short term) 17
LEGAL FRAMEWORK - ENERGY PLANNING ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SAVING, DEMAND MANAGEMENT Creation of the Canarian Energy Agency Elaboration of Energy Atlas Energy Efficiency and Saving Plan Promotion of low consumption electric appliances and water saving devices Energy audits Bioclimatic construction Promotion of collective transport 18
FORESEEN INFRASTRUCTURES Two plants for reception, storage and regasification of LNG: Gran Canaria Polígono Industrial de Arinaga Tenerife Polígono Industrial de Granadilla Gas pipes for gas transport from the plnats to the power stations Capacity for gas ships up to 150.000 m 3. INTRODUCTION OF LNG GASCAN 19
INTRODUCTION OF LNG CARACTERISTICAS DE LAS PLANTAS DE GNL Capacidad Barcos Metaneros Capacidad de Almacenamiento Fase I Capacidad de Gasificación Nominal 145.000 m 3-61.000 Ton 150.000 m 3 250.000 Nm 3 /h 20 Ciclo combinado de Gran Canaria
INTRODUCTION OF LNG VAPORIZADORES TANQUE DE ALMACENAMIENTO METANERO Y BRAZOS DE DESCARGA 21
INTRODUCTION OF LNG Depósito Suministro a 46 bar Vaporizadores Compresor Relicuador Bombas de alta presión 22
ENORMOUS POTENTIALS Solar Energy Sun hours: 2500-3000 h/año Radiation: 5-6 kwh/m 2 día RENEWABLE ENERGIES Wind Energy Average wind speeds: (coastal areas): 7 8 m/s (trade winds, constant character) Production: 3.000 4.500 (!!) equivalent hours 23
ITC CANARY ISLANDS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY R&D in Renewable Energies Production of electricity, hydrogen, heat and cold Water desalination (using RE) RENEWABLE ENERGIES POZO IZQUIERDO (Gran Canaria) 24
25 Energy, Water & Bioengineering Division - ITC
Pozo Izquierdo Facilities Annual mean wind speed: 7,8 m/s (10 m.a.s.l) Solar irradiation on an horiz. Surface: 5,7 kwh/m² day Annual mean temperature: 23,5 Cº Annual mean humidity: 65-70 % Annual rain fall: 105 mm (5-10 rainy days/year) 26
Renewable Energies & Water Technologies R & D Lines (I) RENEWABLE ENERGIES - ITC Electricity production by renewable energy sources Fresh Water production (water desalination) using renewable energy systems Cold and ice production using renewable energy systems Application of renewable energy systems in buildings and agriculture Development of small to medium size wind energy systems (incl. wind-diesel) 27
Renewable Energies & Water Technologies R & D Lines (II) RENEWABLE ENERGIES - ITC Testing of solar thermal collectors and systems Penetration of renewable energy systems in weak electrical grids Development and evaluation of (non conventional) desalination and water treatment systems Production of hydrogen by renewable energy systems Sustainable energy and water management 28
Renewable Energies & Water Technologies Developed Products (I) Drinking water supply with stand alone systems CONTEDES - Water desalination container (stand alone, grid connection not necessary) DESSOL - Reverse osmosis desalination plant driven by a stand alone photovoltaic system DESALPARQ - Modular reverse osmosis desalination plant driven by an off-grid wind farm AEROGEDESA - Sea water desalination plant directly driven by a wind turbine Electricity supply to isolated areas MORENA - Container with hybrid system (wind-photovoltaic-diesel) for electricity supply in small rural villages SISTEMAS HÍBRIDOS - Hybrid systems for electricity supply (wind-photovoltaic-diesel) to isolated villages 29
Renewable Energies & Water Technologies Ice and cold supply with stand alone systems AEROFRIGO - Cold-storage plant driven by a small wind turbine AEROHIELO - Modular ice maker driven by a small wind turbine FOTOHIELO - Ice maker driven by a stand alone solar photovoltaic system Developed Products (II) Integrated systems for electrical energy, water, cold and ice supply in isolated areas PUNTA JANDIA Wind diesel system for the production of electricity, water, cold and ice in remote villages MORENA CONTEDES - Hybrid system (wind-photovoltaic-diesel) easily transportable in container for the supply of electrical energy, water, cold and ice 30
Wind-Diesel system for electricity, water, cold and ice supply in Punta Jandía (Fuerteventura 31
SDAWES RO desalination plant powered by an off-grid wind farm 32
Installed power (2004) : 136 MW Produced Energy (2004): 330 GWh WIND ENERGY LANZAROTE Power (kw) Energy (MWh) LA PALMA 5.580 11.145 Power (kw) Energía (MWh) % penetration 6.405 13.448 1.7 % penetration* 4.9 TENERIFE Power (kw) 30.730 Energy (MWh) % penetration 62.657 1.9 GRAN CANARIA Power (kw) 75.045 Energy (MWh) 227.983 % penetration 6.7 EL HIERRO LA GOMERA Power (kw) Energy (MWh) % penetration 360 252 0.4 FUERTEVENTURA Power (kw) Energy (MWh) % penetration 11.610 26.341 5.6 Power (kw) Energy (MWh) % penetration 33 100 334 1.1 *: Wind energy penetration in relation to electrical energy produced
Kilovatios (kw) 150.000 140.000 130.000 120.000 110.000 100.000 90.000 80.000 70.000 60.000 50.000 40.000 30.000 20.000 10.000 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 WIND ENERGY Evolution of installed power Total Gran Canaria Tenerife Megavatios hora (MWh) 375.000 350.000 325.000 300.000 275.000 250.000 225.000 200.000 175.000 150.000 125.000 100.000 75.000 50.000 25.000 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Evolution of produced energy Total Gran Canaria Tenerife 34
45.000 Gran Canaria Tenerife WIND ENERGY 40.000 35.000 Megavatios hora (MWh) 30.000 25.000 20.000 15.000 10.000 5.000 Evolution of produced energy in 2004 0 Enero Febrero Marzo Abril Mayo Junio Julio Agosto Septiembre Octubre Noviembre Diciembre Horas equivalentes (h) 4750 4500 4250 4000 3750 3500 3250 3000 2750 2500 2250 2000 1750 1500 1250 1000 750 500 GRAN CANARIA TENERIFE LANZAROTE FUERTEVENT. LA PALMA LA GOMERA EL HIERRO 3500 Gran Canaria wind farms Equivalent hours in 2004 35
WIND ENERGY Barriers Availability of space (approx. 45% of the Canarian territory is protected Grid penetration is limited due to weak character of the insular electrical networks Measures for further deployment R&D focused on maximising grid penetration (prediction, dynamic grid studies, adaptation of technologies to weak grids, etc.) and development of stand-alone systems Management of wind resources Regional legislation Technical-administrative conditions Tenders: Repowering Wind power dedicated to specific consumers (industries, desalination plants, etc) (Wind power for R&D activities 36
WATER-ENERGY BINOMIAL 20% of the energy production is dedicated to: Desalination, and pumping (wells, elevation to consumption points). Uses of desalinated water: Urban & Touristic 374.000 m³/d 153 plants Irrigation 146.000 m³/d 100 plants 1 kg of fuel is needed to desalinate 1 m3 of seawater For 522.000 m³/d (current desalination capacity in the Canary Islands) this is equivalent to import 150.000 Tons of fuel per year 37
AGRAGUA Parque Eólico Montaña Pelada (Gáldar) 15.000 m 3 /d FECHAS PRODUCCIÓN (m 3 ) CONSUMOS (kwh) PRODUCCIÓN PARQUE EOLICO (kwh) 4.62 MW 4º trim- 1998 1.221.355 6.128.080 ------------------- 5.1 kwh/m 3 (extracción + desalación + bombeo) 1999 2000 4.763.621 4.979.812 24.959.620 25.708.620 ------------------- ------------------- 2001 4.910.820 15.987.179 10.275.528 2002 4.782.721 14.119.484 12.264.045 2003 4.691.509 13.987.581 11.907.931 38 2004 3.615.784 10.289.804 8.656.732
SOSLAIRES CANARIAS S.L. Vargas (Gran Canaria) 5.000 m 3 /d 2.64 MW Producción parque eólico 2003: Autoconsumo de la planta 2003: Consumo planta de red 2003: Total consumo 2003: 10.210.109 kwh 1.547.244 kwh 681.101 kwh 2.228.345 kwh 39
SOSLAIRES CANARIAS S.L. Vargas (Gran Canaria) Tarifa Energía de red Agrícola R.1. Precio medio año 2003: Aprox. 6,85 cent /kwh Precio venta agua desalada: 60 cent /m3 Precio medio venta electricidad (2003): 7 cent /kwh PRODUCCIÓN CONSUMO ALIMENTACIÓN CONSUMO PROCESO CONSUMO ELEVACIÓN CONSUMOS AUXILIARES Y ASOCIADOS TOTAL 5000 m 3 /d 0,4 kwh/m 3 1,9 kwh/m 3 0,3 kwh/m 3 0,2 kwh/m 3 2,8 kwh/m 3 Variadores de frecuencia en todos los procesos, salvo elevación 40
SOLAR ENERGY LANZAROTE Solar thermal (m 2 ) 4.598 LA PALMA Solar PV (kwp) 95 Solar thermal (m 2 ) Sola PV (kwp) 1.889 60 TENERIFE Solar thermal (m 2 ) Solar PV (kwp) 24.377 136 GRAN CANARIA Solar thermal (m 2 ) Solar PV (kwp) 19.031 223 LA GOMERA FUERTEVENTURA Solar thermal (m 2 ) 1.182 Solar thermal (m 2 ) 1.428 Solar PV (kwp) 11 Solar PV (kwp) 34 EL HIERRO Solar thermal (m 2 ) Solar PV (kwp) 325 12 41
SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY Aprox. 70.000 m 2 installed Goal (2012): 275.000 m 2 (?) ITC has accredited solar collector testing lab (first one in Spain, adscribed to European Solar Keymark label) Enormous potential in the touristic sector Regional Government promotion program PROCASOL, managed by ITC 42
(kwh) 40.000 35.000 30.000 25.000 20.000 15.000 SOLAR PV Installed power: Aprox. 600 kwp (stand-alone systems) and 400 kwp (grid-connected systems) Production: 1300 1700 hours 2.000 Goal:????? 1.900 12.193 13.652 17.545 21.016 24.106 27.752 24.594 24.673 21.576 16.457 14.285 Horas equivalentes (h) 1.800 1.700 1.600 1.500 1.400 1.300 1.200 1.100 1.000 900 800 700 600 500 GRAN CANARIA TENERIFE FUERTEVENTURA LA PALMA 10.000 5.000 9.049 Equivalent hours in 2004 0 Enero Febrero Marzo Abril Mayo Junio Julio Agosto Septiembre Octubre Noviembre Diciembre Evolution of produced energy in 2004 (total: 227 MWh) 43
RENEWABLE ENERGIES Energy Saving, Bioclimatic projects Bioclimatic project in 355 VPO Energy audits Mini-hydro Installed power: 1.263 MW (2 plants), production 2004: 2.846 MWh Possible increase of installed power up to 7 MW El Hierro project Other Renewables Biomass exploitation possibilities: biogas from waste, WWTP sludge, biodiesel (very small scale) Geothermal potential still to explore Interesting wave potential (2000 equiv. Hours in northern areas, 40-80 MW?) R&D in sustainable hydrogen production technologies 44
RENEWABLES ENERGIES (& WATER) FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: Technology transfer to Africa ITC cooperation projects in the Northwest African Coast (Morocco, Mauritania, Senegal, Cape Verde, Tunisia) Elaboration of a feasibility study for the electrification and water supply (using renewable energy systems) of 32 villages in the province of Essaouira (Morocco) (finished 2000) 45
Installation of a MORENA unit (hybrid PV-wind-diesel system) for the electrification of common areas of the village Ouassen (province of Essaouira, Morocco) (in operation since 2001) Active participation in the Energy and Water Seminar organised by CDER/Resing in Marrakech (April 2002) Organisation of the 1-week Seminar Desalination and Renewable Energies, held at ITC (July 2003), with attendance of researchers/scientists/personnel from energy and water bodies coming from Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Palestinian Territories, etc. Total electrification of the village Talate Ourgane (Morocco), including water pumping and ice production demonstration system (on-going) 46
Elaboration of the wind atlas of Northern Mauritania (2000) Creation of the Thematic Parc Canary Islands on Renewable Energies, Desalination and Drip Irrigation at the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of Nouakchott, Mauritania (including maintenance, training activities; on-going) Installation 4 RO desalination plants (20-40 m3/d) at the National Parc Banc d Arguin (Mauritania) (sent by the Canary Islands Government through ITC; finished) 47
Supply of the 4 Mauritania RO plants with Renewable Energies (starting) Participation in EC SMADES and ADU-RES projects (on-going) Technical assistance to spanish PV company ISOFOTON: feasibility of supplying 15 small RO sea- and brackish water desalination plants with PV in Senegal (finished) Elaboration of a Plan for the Promotion of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energies in Morocco (finished) Brackish water desalination plant powered by a PV system in Ksar Ghilène (Tunisia) (on-going) 48
RE-H 2 BINOMIAL OUTSTANDING PROJECTS Hydrogen (produced by RE) could represent a promising energy storage solution for islands Islands could be excellent showcases for the introduction of the hydrogen economy 49
HYDROBUS OUTSTANDING PROJECTS INTERREG IIIB Project coordinated by ITC: Feasibility studies for the instalación of Windhydrogen systems in Azores and Canary Islands 50
RES2H2 (EC FP5) OUTSTANDING PROJECTS Design and installation, at ITC Pozo Izquierdo premises, of a wind-hydrogen integrated system for the controlled production of electricity and water HYDROHYBRID (ITC project) Small scale hydrogen production driven by a hybrid wind-pv system (installation on-going) 51
El Hierro Wind-Hydro Power Station (partially EC funded) Upper Reservoir OUTSTANDING PROJECTS Population Lower Reservoir Mini-hydro Power Station Pumping Station Wind farm Desalination Plant Diesel Power Station Grid 52
OUTSTANDING PROJECTS El Hierro Wind-Hydro Power Station Upper Reservoir Lower Reservoir Hydro Power Station Wind Farm Valverde Control Pumping Station 53 Desalination Plant Puerto de La Estaca
Thank you very much Gonzalo Piernavieja ITC 54