How To Understand And Understand The Energy Mix In Brazilian Power Production
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1 Centro de Referência para Energia Solar e Eólica Sérgio Brito CRESESB
2 WORKSHOP STRATEGIC ACTIONS ON PV CEPEL/CRESESB Contribution Campinas June I Introduction RE in the framework of the Brazilian Energy Mix and concern with the global heating II Solar Energy: Characteristics and possible applications Solar Photovoltaic (PV) III Conclusions
3 I Introduction BRASIL- ENERGY MIX % World Brasil RENEWABLE NOT RENEWABLE
4 Electrical Mix 2030 (B1 Cenarium) (Renewables: 83,1%) 76% 2015 (Renewables: : 83,7%) 80% 4% 3% 2% 3% 3% 9% 2005 (Renewables: 84 %) 84% 3% 1% 2% 2% 2% 10% Hydro Termo (Coal) Termo (Natural Gas) Termo (Nuclear) Termo (Oil) 0% 0% 2% 2% 10% 2% Biomass Wind and Others Global Heating Source: : Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia
5 CO2 Emission of Diverse Technologies (ton/gwh) Coal (conventional plant) 1000 Gas 500 Wind 7 PV (Photovoltaic) 5 Large Hydro 4 Solar Thermal 3 Biomass -160 The energy that the Sun sends to earth is around 10,000 times all the world energy consumption
6 Global Solar Radiation 40 N 40 N The Sun Belt 35 S Fonte: Wikipedia Average Annual Solar Radiation (UFPE CEPEL)
7 Newest Atlas: The Swera Project SWERA: Solar and Wind Energy Resource Assessment A project sponsored by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and Global Environmental Facility (GEF) Newest Atlas: The Swera Project
8 Renewable WEB GIS A new tool for Web resource assessment II Characteristics and Possible Applications
9 Main Solar Applications (Active Solar) Solar Thermal (Low Temperature) Solar Thermal (High Temperature) Solar Photovoltaic (PV)
10 PV Grid Connected PV Neurather See (Alemanha) 360kWp CEPEL s Solar Roof Evaluation of grid connected systems PV Systems, 16 kwp, operating since 2002
11 Substituindo Usina Nuclear por Energia Solar Fotovoltaica e Energia Eólica Áreas Equivalentes Necessárias 10 TWh/ano Eólico 570 km2 Solar 69 km2 Ilha Grande Universalization: chalenges Evolution of the residential eletrification rate (1970 a 2000) Urban Rural Total Source: CEPEL-DTE Report / giannini@cepel.br
12 LPT Region Acummulated Connections Number of People Resources (R$) Norte ,02 Nordeste ,03 Sudeste ,31 Sul ,27 Centro-Oeste ,47 TOTAL ,10 Population Growth FONTE: Informativo da Eletronuclear - agosto 2001
13 Pumping system and health center Community pumping system Community TV set Small farm pumping system
14 Instalações Fotovoltaicas Projeto Ribeirinhas Amazonas (Parceria Eletrobrás) Transporte dos equipamentos fotovoltaicos Sistema solar fotovoltaico instalado em N.S.P. Socorro Manacapurú Cepel Eletrobrás rural electrification assessement Almost 9000 rural properties analised after electrification
15 Rural Eletrification and CO2 Emission - Drop of the emission in the majority of states - PARAÍBA: 2%, PARÁ: 17% e MINAS GERAIS: 43% de indigentes Emissão de CO2 (ano) por propriedade MINAS GERAIS PARÁ PARAÍBA - 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00 1,20 ex-ante ex-post Rural Areas Eletricity Consumption Consumo de Energia Elétrica 1800 Brasil Rural - Fase ex-post Perfil residencial Qtd. de Propriedades Std. Dev = 147,63 Mean = 97 N = 8214,00 Perfil produtivo Consumo kwh/mês
16 Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo Estação Científica Arquipélago São Pedro e São Paulo PV system 3.6kWp Operating since jun/98 ILHA DE TRINDADE
17 Location Fernando de Noronha ~360km Trindade Trindade ~1.167km PV seems to be the natural solution for small communities electrification far from the grid. But PV solution has to come together with programs of improving the production capabilities of the community. If not, there is a risk to have just a waste of resources. Brasil does not produce PV modules in industrial scale anymore. Producing equipment in Brasil generates much less CO2 emissions (clean electricity mix) than in countries with thermal electrical mix.
18 PV WORLD PRODUCTION (MW) Project MCT-FINEP-CEPEL Materials Development Silicon production Development of PV cells Development of components Grid connected systems Building integrated PV systems Simulation and design
19 III Conclusions
20 Brasil is already a renewable energy country (hydro and biomass). This can be a barrier to the introduction of other renewable sources if their costs are significantly higher than other alternatives. With lower prices of equipment (due to technical improvements and production scale), higher prices of conventional sources and the increasing concern with environmental impacts, the penetration of renewable energies can be higher in Brasil than conservative nowadays forecast. We need efforts to make PV to follow this trend. Intermediate and small PV systems are already economically feasible in specific applications even with the present price conditions. Joint programs between countries, regions and institutions, changing technology and experiences, exploring synergies and improving production scale, seems to be a way to lower costs and strength the role of PV in the near future.
21 Workshop Objective The General objective of this Workshop should be to create an environment suitable for promoting a dynamic dialogue able to strength interinstitutional connections and establish joint actions between institutions, driven in the direction of increase the use of renewable sources of energy, PV in particular OBRIGADO PELA ATENÇÃO! Contact: Hamilton Moss de Souza moss@cepel.br
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