MUNIN s Communication Architecture

MUNIN s Communication Architecture MUNIN Final Event June 10 th 2015, Hamburg, Germany Ørnulf Jan Rødseth, M. Sc. Senior Scientist MARINTEK http://www.unmanned-ship.org SST.2012.5.2-5: Grant no. 314286 E-guided vessels: The 'autonomous' ship

Contents Communication drivers On-board network architecture Ship-shore communication Information exchanges and standards Conclusion and further work 2

Communication drivers More monitoring and automation: Increased integration No crew: Increased redundancy Danger from cybercrime: Higher security On board networks Shore status monitoring and control: Data volume Remote control and rapid response: Latency Disturbances, spoofing and jamming: Security and fail safe Several ships per SCC: Data standards Open integration: Data standards Ship-Shore comm. Data standards 3

Integration on board Off ship General Ship Layer Integrated Ship Control (ISC) Layer Process Layer FW/GW FW/GW Other Open Internet Crew/Passenger Internet Accommodation VPN VPN Energy management Safety Management FW/GW Navigation Owner s systems Performance monitoring Owners and other parties offices Full Reporting connectivity Maintenance to applications shore. ISC database and access Automation Administrative Integration between different networks. FW/GW Instrument Layer RADAR Chart Gyro GPS AIS GPS Engine 1 Engine 2 Integration within each different network. Bridge Engine 1 Engine 2 Sensor Actuator Sensor Actuator 5

Integration and security Off ship Open Internet VPN Owner s systems Owners and other parties offices General Ship Layer Integrated Ship Control (ISC) Layer FW/GW Crew/Passenger Internet Accommodation VPN Energy management Safety Management Performance monitoring Reporting applications ISC database and access Maintenance Administrative FW/GW FW/GW FW/GW Process Layer Other Navigation Automation RADAR Chart Engine 1 Engine 2 Instrument Layer Bridge Engine 1 Engine 2 Gyro GPS AIS GPS Sensor Actuator Sensor Actuator Developed in IEC 61162-460 (Network) and IEC 62940 (Integrated Communication). 6

On board redundancy Automation 1 Automation 2 Navigation 1 Navigation 2 FWG FWG FWG FWG RCU ASC FW/GW FW/GW Main SatCom Backup SatCom All critical functions must be duplicated Networks must have redundancy and support redundant functions (IEC 61162-460). 7

Internet at sea is not Internet on land! Slower More expensive Longer latencies More outages Not always available 9

SatCom business model 10

Priority of service areas Thor 7 as example Illustration: Telenor Satellite Broadcasting AS 11 Ku beam transponders (TV) 25 Ka beam transponders + 1 adjust. Total about 9 Gbps, 5000 W power Lifetime approx. 15 years Cost approx. EUR 200 Million You need to point transponders to areas where there are customers!

Jamming and spoofing: Weak signals GEO (Inmarsat, VSAT) MEO (GPS) 12

Ionospheric scintillation Copyright Commonwealth of Australia 2015, Bureau of Meteorology (ABN 92 637 533 532) Well known phenomena Normally more pronounced around equator Known to impact GNSS accuracy May also impact low frequency communication L-band, VHF etc. Effect varies with solar activity, time of day and other parameters.

Rain fade D R r D 2 = R 2 r 2 d r = 6 371 d = 9 D = 339 (=38*9) The rain rate (mm/h) exceeded for 0.01% of the average year from Recommendation ITU-R P.837-5.

Off-ship interfaces Automation 1 Automation 2 Navigation 1 Navigation 2 FWG FWG FWG FWG RCU ASC FW/GW FW/GW Main SatCom Backup SatCom Duplicated SatCom interfaces L band and Ku/Ka band Backup Rendezvous Control Unit 15

Data standards and interoperability is complicated! Several different uncoordinated efforts in different areas Several areas that are not covered However, we do what we can 17

Data standards and interoperability is complicated! Several different uncoordinated efforts in different areas Several areas that are not covered However, we do what we can 18

Data model standardisation Authorities support and regulation - Port and coastal states - Flag state and class - Information services - Emergency management - Traffic management - Transport regulations Transport usage and demand On board support and control Ship owner and operator Port and channel operations - Logistics and planning - Information services - Equipment and crew - Consumables - Agent services - Technical systems support On board: IEC 61162 Ship-shore: IMO e-navigation Ship-shore: ISO 28005 19

Conclusions and further work MUNIN has provided an advanced test bed for the future of ship ICT systems, not only fully unmanned ships! 21

B0 Periodically unattended bridge Automated Lookout / Watch free bridge Single source of reliable data provision No reduced lookout capability due to fatigue Autonomous deep-sea navigation COLREG compliance Hull and motion monitoring in harsh weather Shore-side situation monitoring / Backup watch from shore Human-oriented information management Remote situation awareness concept 22

Sea Traffic Management: SESAME Straits Traffic management VTS suggestions evaluated Suggestion for a new route and speed Ship reduces speed and changes route VTS Centre Traffic prediction Hot spot detection Route & Speed optimization

Conclusions and further work MUNIN has provided an advanced test bed for the future of ship ICT systems, not only for fully unmanned ships! Thus, MUNIN has contributed significantly to standardisation work in IMO, IEC and ISO. Work is still ongoing and needs to be followed up! IEC 61162-460 expected finished early 2016 IEC 62940 probably late 2016 or early 2017 e-navigation compatibility probably after that 24

Thank you for your attention! 25