Modularity in UPS Design What does it Mean, What are the Pro s and Con s? Mike Elms Technical Manager Uninterruptible Power Supplies Ltd www.upspower.co.uk
Modularity in UPS Design What does it Mean, What are the Pro s and Con s? From Inefficient, Large- Footprint Transformer UPS Standalone UPS Technology Innovation To Efficient, Small-Footprint Transformerless UPS 1995 2002 2007 2014 2016 Modular UPS Technology Innovation
Modular Definition of Modular? Definition of modular: Adjective Employing or involving a module or modules as the basis of design or construction Oxford English dictionary
Modular Interpretation of Definition of Modular? 200kVA N + 1 100 kw 100 kw 33 kw 33 kw 33 kw Redun dant Capaci ty 2 x 200kVA 3 x 100kVA
Modular Interpretation of Definition of Modular? Bypass Switch UPS 1 UPS 2 UPS 3 UPS 4
Modular Interpretation of Definition of Modular? Power Modules Static Switch Rectifier
Modular Interpretation of Definition of Modular? Power Modules Static Switch Rectifier
UPS Evolution UPSL Definition of Modular? Bypass input Rectifier input = = = = Critical Load Each module is a complete UPS: IGBT rectifier and inverter Control logic and display Battery converter Static bypass switch
UPS Evolution UPSL Definition of Modular?
Definition of Modular De-Centralised Parallel Architecture Rectifier input Bypass input Designed to distribute the UPS Hardware and Software into modules in order to reduce the single points of failure Dual feed rectifier / static switch No common static switch No common control logic = Control logic UPS module = Control logic UPS module = Control logic UPS module = = = DISPLAY = = = DISPLAY = = = DISPLAY Output to the critical load
Selecting a UPS N System = N = 200 kw UPS = Load
200kW 200kW Selecting a UPS N + 1 System Standalone Modular A N + 1 B = = 200kW 100 100 kw kw 100 kw Load = 200kW A = B = 200 kw Load = 200kW N+1 = 200kW + 200kW N+1 = 200kW + 100kW
Load = 200kW Selecting a UPS N + N or 2N System UPS = Load Standalone Modular N N A B = 100 kw 100 kw = A = B = 200 kw 2N = 2 x 200kW 2N = 2 x 200kW
Load = 200kW Load = 200kW Load = 200kW Selecting a UPS 2(N+1) System Standalone UPS = Load Modular A N + 1 N + 1 B A B 200 kw 200 kw 200 kw 200 kw = = 150 kw 150 kw 150 kw 150 kw 200 kw 100kW 200 kw 100kW A = B = 200 kw 2(N+1) = 2(200kW + 200kW) 2(N+1) = 2(200kW + 100kW)
UPS System Design Criteria Static UPS System: 200kVA N+1 Battery Autonomy: 15 mins
200KVA N+1 Standalone Topology (2 x 200kVA) Bypass Switch A B UPS 1 UPS 2 Load = 200kVA A = B = 200 kva
200KVA N+1 Standalone Topology (3 x 100kVA) Bypass Switch A B C UPS 1 UPS 2 UPS 3 Load = 200kVA A = B = C = 100 kva
200KVA N+1 Standalone Topology (5 x 50kVA) Bypass Switch 50kVA MODULAR UPS 1 50kVA 50kVA 50kVA Load = 200kVA 5 X 50kVA 50kVA
200KVA N+1 Modular Topology (3 x 100kVA) Bypass Switch Spare MODULAR UPS 1 Spare 100kVA Load = 200kVA 3 X 100kVA 100kVA 100kVA
200KVA N+1 Standalone Battery Options 2 x 200KVA
200KVA N+1 Standalone Battery Options 3 x 100KVA
200KVA N+1 Standalone Separate Battery Options
200KVA N+1 Standalone Separate Battery Options
200KVA N+1 Standalone Battery Options Standalone Standalone 200 KVA (N+1) Standalone 200 KVA (N+1) 200KVA 200KVA 100KVA 100KVA 100KVA Battery = 200KVA per unit = 400KVA in total Battery = 100KVA per unit = 300KVA in total
200KVA N+1 Standalone Battery Options Modular Battery = 50KVA per unit = 250kvA in total Battery = 100KVA per unit = 300kvA in total
200KVA N+1 Standalone Footprint
UPS System Design Ease of Repair- Problem off Site! HOT SWAP Service Plan 4 Hour Response Spare Module Defective Module Identified Defective Module Replaced = <30 mins <5 Hours Max Elapsed Time Standalone Service Plan 4 Hour Response Spares Kit Defective UPS Identified Diagnosis & Fix 1, 2 6+ Hours? 10+ Hours? 27
UPS System Design Rightsizing oversized power Load curve? start year 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 Modularity in design allows the power protection capacity to be added when needed to meet the existing/actual demand, instead total up front deployment.
UPS System Design Hot Swap Modularity Safe Removal and/or Insertion of Modules No Risk to Critical Load No Power Down Required Simple Power Upgrade Right-Sizing to Match Load
UPS System Design Low MTTR = High Availability RELIABILITY Measure of ability for a system to run without failures Mean time between failures (MTBF) Mean time to fail (MTTF) SERVICEABILITY The easiness and speed at which maintenance and service can be performed Mean time to repair / recover (MTTR)
UPS System Design Low MTTR = High Availability Standalone 6nines 99.9999% Availability Standalone 2 x 400 kw (1+1) Configuration Modular, 4 x 100 kw (3+1) Configuration Availability = MTBF UPS / (MTBF UPS + MTTR UPS ) MTBF UPS 600,000h 400,000h MTTR UPS 6h 0.5h Availability 99.999% (5 Nines) 99.9999% (6 Nines) 10x Availability Improvement MTBF : Mean Time Between Failures MTTR : Mean Time To Repair
Key Points to Take Away 1. Definition of Modular UPS - De-Centralised Parallel Architecture 2. Battery Options for Standalone and Modular Capex and Opex 3. Footprint UPS/Switchgear/Battery System 4. Rightsizing/Scalability/Flexibility 5. Ease of Servicing/Repair = High Availability 6. Modular technology is available for large data centres now, with 100KVA modules and 500KVA building blocks
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