Cell Organelle Two Types of Cell Prokaryotes (Prokaryotic Cells) Eukaryotes (Eukaryotic Cells) Two Types of Eukaryotic Cells 1. Animal Cell 2. Plant Cell Both cells function similarly Organelles Organelle - little organs Specialized structures that perform specific jobs in the cell. Found only in eukaryotic cells Many are membrane-bound a membrane surrounds the organelles Organelles
Nucleus Control center of the cell that stores DNA Surrounded by a nuclear envelope (Pores allow materials in and out) Contains the NUCLEOLUS Nucleolus Small, dark region of the nucleus Makes ribosomes and RNA. Nucleus Factory Part: Manager s Office Found in plant and animal cells Cytoplasm Fills the space inside of the cell membrane Forms the shape of the cell Where the organelles and other dissolved materials are located Factory Part: Space or area inside the factory Found in plant and animal cells
Ribosomes Smallest organelle in a cell Ribosomes make or assemble proteins from instructions received from the nucleus. Ribosomes Two types: Free not attached Bound attached to the ER Endoplasmic Reticulum Factory Part: Production room (Where things are built) Found in plant and animal cells Two forms: Rough ER- ribosomes attached Site of protein synthesis Proteins are transported to the golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER NO ribosomes attached Produces hormones and lipids for the cell membrane Factory Part assembly line and conveyor belt Found in plant and animal cells Golgi Apparatus Delivery system of the cell Modifies, collects, and packages proteins or molecules for transport throughout the cell Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes Factory Part Post Office/Shipping room Found in plant and animal cells Cleanup crews for the cell. Breaks down macromolecules for the cell to use Removes waste particles and damaged organelles. Lysosomes Factory Part Clean-up crew/janitor Found in both plant and animal cells Vacuoles Storage tanks Stores water, salts, proteins & carbohydrates Plants have one big vacuole that helps support the cell Vacuoles
Factory Part Storage room One large vacuole found in the plant cell Mitochondria Powerhouse or energy source of the cell Converts energy stored in food into ATP or energy that cells can use through CELLULAR RESPIRATION Factory Part Power Plant Found in plant and animal cells
Chloroplast Changes sunlight energy into chemical energy (glucose) by a process called PHOTOSYNTHESIS Factory part solar powered energy plant Found in plant cells Cell Wall Provides extra support & protection. Rigid structure located outside of the cell membrane Made of cellulose and lignin Cell Wall
Factory Part Factory walls Found in the plant cell and prokaryotic cells Cell Membrane Controls or regulates what enters and leaves the cell Semi-permeable: allows nutrients in and waste products out Made up of a phospholipid bilayer Factory Part Doors, windows, gates Found in plant and animal cells Which of the following organelles is not bound by a membrane? A. ribosome B. Golgi apparatus C. vacuole D. lysosome The answer is A. Which of these structures transforms energy for the cell? A. Endoplasmic B. Golgi apparatus reticulum C. Nucleus D. Mitochondrion In what type of cell would you find chloroplasts? A. prokaryote The answer is C. B. animal Chloroplasts are C. plant the green organelles of plant D. fungus cells. The answer is D.
Cells that digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria are called. A. vacuoles B. ribosomes C. golgi apparatus D. lysosomes The answer is D. Which of these structures packs proteins into membrane-bound structures? A. B. C. D. Answer C depicts the Golgi apparatus, which sorts proteins and packs them into vesicles. Which organelle is the nucleolus? Answer: C