Unit 2: Biochemistry & The Cell Name: Aim #13 Cell Organelles: How do cell organelles carry out the life functions of a cell? Date: A) CELL ORGANELLES: structures that carry out the cell s specific. Vary in size and shape and therefore vary in their function All organelles work together to help the cell maintain homeostasis by transporting materials, extracting energy from nutrients, building proteins, disposing of waste and storing information Think of organ-elle to mean to tiny organ PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL (dots)
ORGANELLE FUNCTION FOUND IN Nucleus the cell s functions Stores (genetic information in chromosomes) that the cell uses to (make) Cell Membrane what comes in and out of the cell Removes and harmful substances from the cell Made of Ribosome Synthesizes (enzyme, hormones etc) Float in cytoplasm or attached to ER Mitochondria Site of : Turns food into useable energy Releases (ATP) from food molecules (glucose) Releases Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance that the organelles sit in material within the cell Vacuole sac that contains wastes and/or useful materials for the cell (food, water) food or pump out excess water out of the cell in PLANT cells & in ANIMAL cells Chloroplast Contain (green pigment) Site of : capturing light energy (sun) to made food (glucose) for the plant Cell Wall Extra for the plant cell Thick, rigid and made of (starch) Lysosome Contains enzymes that digests substances in the cell (old organelles, food, bacteria etc.) Centrioles Helps the cells divide
B) Comparing Plant and Animal Cells a) Shape b) Organelles (specific to that cell) c) Life Process specifically carried out by that cell (if applicable) d) Organelles common to both cells (name six) e) Life Processes (name two that both cells have in common) PLANT CELL BOTH ANIMAL CELL a) d) a) b) b) c) e) c) C) Life Processes carried out by Organelles In the chart below, list which organelles carry out the following life processes Life Process Regulation Carried out by... (organelle/organelles) Synthesis Reproduction Respiration Excretion Nutrition Transport
Organelle Review Questions 1) Cell I is a cell because it is (shape) and has no 2) Cell II is a cell because it is (shape) and has a 3) Write the name for each organelle: A: B: C: D: Centrioles E: F: 4) Write the letter of the organelle: a) That responsible for excretion Name two materials that would be removed during this process: b) That is responsible for cell division c) Where ATP is produced so the cell can perform all of its life function What is this process called? d) That is composed of lipids e) Where the building blocks of carbohydrates are produced f) That is composed of cellulose What type of macromolecule is cellulose? g) Where solar energy is used to create glucose (food) for the plant. What is this process called? h) Where the information to make proteins is stored What is the name of the material that is inside of this organelle? What are the building blocks of this material? Name one important protein that is synthesized here: i) Where metabolic wastes leave the cell and important materials enter the cell
5) Label the following organelles and answer the following questions: a) Label one ribosome on cell I and cell II as the letter G What organic macromolecule is made in the ribosome? What are the building blocks that join together to make this macromolecule? What biological catalyst is produced at the ribosomes? b) Label the vacuole on the appropriate cell above as the letter H What is the job of the vacuole? What life process is the vacuole involved in? 6) Select two of the organelles in the above diagrams and explain how they work together to maintain homeostasis in a cell