Research on Opportunities Arising from Rapid Development of China VET Jane Zhou Vice President Group
Research Background Group was commissioned by Austrade to conduct a survey and an in-depth study regarding Vocational Education and Training in China from June to November 2013 to explore the following: - as a global leader in the VET industry, what role can Australia play in the Chinese market? - can Australia become a close partner during the transformation of China s VET system? - what strengths does Australia have? - what can Australia offer China? - what does China need most? - how can the two nations achieve win-win situations?
Overview of Chinese VET System Current Framework of Vocational Education University (final 2 years of Bachelor Program) 5% eligible for entrance exam 5-Year Secondary & Higher Integrated Vocational Colleges 5% eligible for entrance exam 3-Year Higher Vocational & Technical Colleges / Higher Specialised Colleges University Entrance Exam Senior High School (3y) High School Entrance Exam Secondary Vocational School / Technical School/Vocational High School (3-4 years) Junior High School /Junior Vocational School ( 3-4 years) Primary School (5 years)
Overview of Chinese VET System Number of Vocational Institutions and Student Enrolments in 2013 Type of Vocational Schools No. of Schools Number of Enrolled Students in 2013 Junior Vocational Schools 1472 867,000 Secondary Vocational Schools Tertiary Vocational Institutions 13800 22,000,000 1297 10,000,000 48.9% college students and 11% secondary vocational students are from urban backgrounds. The remainder are from rural and western areas.
Overview of Chinese VET System Funding Sources for Vocational Institutions: 45% from tuition fees; 41.9% from government funding; 2.1% from donation and 11% from others.
Overview of Chinese VET System Current Model driven by government with less industry input; mainly operated by 1297 tertiary vocational institutes and approximately 13800 secondary vocational schools; shift the focus from academic-oriented to skill-oriented;
Overview of Chinese VET System Future Model driven by government policy with extensive industry and enterprise involvement; focus on skill shortages and new industries to assist the economic development; diversify training modes; equip students with both technical and soft skills;
Future Trends and Opportunities in China Vocational Education 1. Modern Vocational Education System to be structured
Future Trends and Opportunities in China Vocational Education 2. Vocational Education Quality to be improved national vocational education quality assurance system; vocational teaching staff qualification standards and code of practice; teaching quality evaluation system; training programs for national leading teachers and presidents/principals funded by MOF and MOE;
Future Trends and Opportunities of China Vocational Education 3. Rural Vocational Education to be expanded establish a modern agricultural vocational education system set up county-level vocational education and training centres design and develop agricultural courses, curriculum and teaching materials improve the agricultural personnel training system
Future Trends and Opportunities of China Vocational Education 4. Vocational Education Capacity to be built establish public practical training bases; develop teachers with vocational knowledge and industry experience and skills; continue the development of national 1000 model secondary vocational schools and 200 top vocational institutions
Future Trends and Opportunities of China Vocational Education 5. Life-long Education System to be restructured credit bank concept and flexible learning opportunities between school, vocational and continued education; form lifelong education networks and service platforms; develop modern distance education and promote community education; establish continuing education accreditation system
Future Trends and Opportunities of China Vocational Education 6. Vocational Education Internationalisation to be enlarged exchange ideas on VET s international policies, strategic development, national system at government-level; explore cooperation in new technology application, modern service industry, agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry; award a number of outstanding Sino-foreign schools and joint programs as national models; promote mutual qualification recognition at country and institution level; encourage teaching staff and student exchanges
Future Trends and Opportunities of China Vocational Education 7. Application of ICT in VET Sector to be accelerated import high-quality overseas digital teaching and learning resources; develop online teaching and learning resources and courses; set up digital campuses, libraries and virtual laboratories or practical centres; share teaching and learning resources via distance education.
Case Study of German Model What German VET is doing in China Germany set up a Vocational Education Cooperation Alliance with China MOE in 2011 to coordinate and support the joint projects in: industry-institution cooperation in the course standards, curriculum development and ICT application; development of joint vocational programs;
Case Study of German Model What German VET is doing in China recognition of both vocational qualifications; localisation of dual system courses; provision of internships in enterprises with free German language training to Chinese students; cooperation within China in the World Skills Competitions
Case Study of German Model Success Factors German government plays a key role in establishing strategic cooperation platform with China and planning as well as monitoring joint projects from top-down strategies; Germany is the most loyal business partner during China VET reform journey; Germany provides China with its global strengths in manufacturing;
Case Study of German Model Success Factors Germany strongly influenced the ideology of Chinese officials, scholars, presidents of universities and vocational colleges through its joint vocational education research centres and teacher training centres in China; German VET has closely followed Chinese government s Five-Year Plan to strategically plan and position itself in China, leading to win-win situation Barrier for the Future German dual system lacks a complete framework as AQF - which will become a major barrier for enlarging its market share in China.
Challenges Faced by Australian VET Providers high competition from other countries; increasing cost of joint programs and training programs is affecting the competitiveness; franchising/licensing/auspicing models in joint programs is restricted in China; requirements for approving new joint education projects in China are tightened;
Challenges Faced by Australian VET Providers private RTOs have limited access to the Chinese market due to the recognition issue from MOE; the upgrading of Chinese vocational institutions will potentially affect existing joint diploma programs with TAFE; how to respond quickly to the dramatic changes and the development of Chinese VET sector
Recommendations to Australian VET Providers fully understanding of Chinese demand and Chinese culture required; develop strategies with a balance of cost and long-term return; quick response and effective communication;
Recommendations to Australian VET Providers identify suitable facilitators to work with and tap into the target market; localise the joint programs and training programs to meet Chinese market and industry demand; explore opportunities in skill shortage and new industries.
Full-length Report Availability The full research report is expected to be published via Market Information Package (MIP) in May/June, 2014 Stay tuned!
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