Contents File: PRO1_02E.1 Information and Page From Process to Project... 2 STEP 7 Tools... 3 Starting the SIMATIC Manager... 4 SIMATIC Manager Menus and Toolbars... 5 The Toolbar in the SIMATIC Manager... 6 STEP 7 Project Structure... 7 Offline/Online View in the SIMATIC Manager... 8 Storage Location for Projects... 9 Creating a Project... 10 Inserting an S7 Program... 11 Inserting an S7 Block... 12 STEP 7- Help System... 13 Context Sensitive Help in STEP 7... 14 Standard Libraries... 15 Exercise: Creating a Project... 16 Exercise: Inserting an S7 Program... 17 Exercise: Inserting an S7 Block... 18 Exercise: CPU Memory Reset... 19 Page 1
From Process to Project Project Management SIMATIC Manager Hardware Process Hardware and Software Process File: PRO1_02E.2 OB1 FB21 I1.0 I1.1 Q4.0 Software Information and When you take a closer look at a process you want to automate, you will find that it is made up of a multitude of smaller sections and sub-processes, which are all interlinked and dependent on one another. The first task is therefore to break down the automation process as a whole into separate sub-tasks. Each sub-task defines certain hardware and software requirements which must be fulfilled by the automation system: Hardware: - Number and type of inputs and outputs - Number and type of modules - Number of racks - Capacity and type of CPU - HMI systems - Networking systems Software: - Program structure - Data management for the automation process - Configuration data - Communication data - Program and project documentation. Project In all the hardware and software requirements of an automation process are managed within a project. A project includes the necessary hardware (+ configuration), network (+ configuration), all the programs and the entire data management for an automation solution. Page 2
STEP 7 Tools SIMATIC Manager Notes LAD, STL, FBD Memory Card Parameter Assignment. File: PRO1_02E.3 Information and manages the STEP 7 projects. It is the main program and also appears on the WINDOWS 95 desktop. "STEP 7 - Readme" provides detailed information about the version, installation procedure, etc. Tool for writing STEP 7 user programs in the Ladder Diagram", Statement List" or "Function Block Diagram programming languages. You can save your user programs on EPROM cards by either using the programming device or an external prommer. Different drivers are required, depending on the application. Configuring Networks Setting the PG-PC Interface PID Control Parameter Assignment Converting S5 Files Configure SIMATIC Workspace Converting TI Files Network configuration is discussed in the chapter on Communication. This tool is used for setting the local node address, the transmission speed and the highest node address in the MPI network. The basic STEP 7 software package also includes blocks for solving PID (closed-loop) control problems. You choose "PID Control Parameter Assignment" to start the program for assigning parameters to the closed-loop control blocks. STEP5 programs can be converted into the corresponding STEP 7 programs with the help of the S5/S7 converter. This option provides facilities for configuring multi-user systems. SIMATIC TI programs can be converted into the corresponding STEP 7 program with the help of the TI/S7 converter. Page 3
Starting the SIMATIC Manager or Introduction Starting the SIMATIC Manager File: PRO1_02E.4 Information and is a graphic user-interface for online/offline editing of S7 objects (projects, user program files, blocks, hardware stations and tools). With the SIMATIC Manager you can: manage projects and libraries, activate STEP 7 tools, access the PLC online, edit memory cards. There is an icon "SIMATIC Manager" on the Windows 95 desktop and a "SIMATIC Manager" program item under SIMATIC in the Start menu. You activate the program just like all other Windows 95 applications by double-clicking on the icon or via the Start menu START -> SIMATIC -> User-interface Note After installation, the main tool is available as an icon on the Windows 95 desktop. The SIMATIC Manager manages the S7 objects such as projects and user programs. By opening an object, the associated tool for editing is started. A double-click on a program block starts the Program Editor and a block can be edited (object-oriented start) You can always obtain online help for the current window by pressing the F1 function key. Page 4
SIMATIC Manager Menus and Toolbars Titlebar Menubar Toolbar Titlebar Menubar Toolbar Statusbar Taskbar Statusbar Taskbar File: PRO1_02E.5 Information and The titlebar contains the window title and the buttons for controlling the window. Contains all the menus available for the current window. Contains the most frequently used tasks as symbols. These symbols are selfexplanatory. Displays the current status and further information. The taskbar contains all open applications and windows as buttons. The taskbar can be positioned on either side of the screen by using the right mouse button. Page 5
The Toolbar in the SIMATIC Manager Windows 95 Symbols STEP 7 Symbols File: PRO1_02E.6 Display Accessible Nodes S7 Memory Card Download (to the PLC) Define Filter Activate Filter Simulate Modules (S7-PLCSIM) Information and Page 6
STEP 7 Project Structure Project Structure File: PRO1_02E.7 Information and Data is stored in a project in the form of objects. The objects in a project are arranged in a tree structure (project hierarchy). The tree structure displayed in the project window is similar to that in the Windows 95 Explorer. Only the icons for the objects are different. Project Hierarchy 1st. Level: The first level contains the project icon. Each project represents a database where all the data relevant to the project is stored. 2nd. Level: Stations (e.g. S7-300 Station) are where information about the hardware configuration and parameter assignment data of modules is stored. Stations are the starting point for configuring the hardware. S7 Program folders are the starting point for writing programs. All the software for a parameter-assignable module from the S7 range is stored in an S7 Program folder. This contains further folders for the blocks and source files of the program. Subnets (MPI,Profibus, Industrial Ethernet) are part of an overall network. 3rd. and subsequent levels: Depends on the object type of the next-higher level. Page 7
Offline / Online View in the SIMATIC Manager Offline Online File: PRO1_02E.8 Information and The offline view displays the project structure stored on the hard disk of the programming device. It displays this in the project window of the SIMATIC Manager. The "S7 Program folder contains the objects Source Files" and "Blocks". The "Blocks" folder contains the system data created with HWConfig and the blocks created with the LAD/STL/FBD Editor. The online view displays the project structure stored in the CPU. It displays this in the project window of the SIMATIC Manager. The "S7 Program" folder only contains the object "Blocks". The "Blocks" folder contains: system data blocks (SDB) user blocks (OB, FC, FB) system-own blocks (SFC, SFB). Switch-over Switching between offline and online view takes place: via the menu items View -> Offline or View -> Online or with the corresponding symbol in the toolbar: Online Offline. Page 8
Storage Location for Projects Menu Options File: PRO1_02E.9 SIMATIC Manager -> Options -> Customize Information and Language" Tab Language: You can select the language you want to use for the SIMATIC Manager, menus, dialog boxes, help, etc. Only the languages that have been installed appear in the list. Mnemonics: You can select the mnemonics you want to use for programming the S7 blocks. "General" Tab Basic settings for editing projects and libraries: Storage location for projects is where you specify the directory in which you want to store your user projects. Storage location for libraries is where you specifiy the directory in which you want to store your user libraries. Further options for inserting objects, opening projects and for window arrangement will be dealt with later. Deactivated system messages By pressing the button Activate you can reactivate all system messages that were switched-off in a window when the option Always display this message. was chosen. "View" Tab "Columns" Tab "Archive" Tab This is where you specify what is to appear in the online display. This is where you specify which columns are to be displayed when the Detail view is switched-on (see Help ). The archiving of projects will be discussed in the Chapter Documenting, Saving, Archiving. Page 9
Creating a Project Enter project name here and confirm with "OK" File: PRO1_02E.10 Information and Creating a Project Select the menu options File -> New or the symbol in the toolbar to open the "New" dialog box for creating a new project or a new library. Notes Enter the project name in the "Name" box and confirm by clicking the "OK button. 1. The Storage location (path) displays the path that was preset in the SIMATIC Manager under Options -> Customize. 2. As of STEP 7 V3.2, there is the 'New Project Wizard to help you create a new project. Page 10
Inserting an S7 Program Inserting a Program Note File: PRO1_02E.11 Information and Select the menu options Insert -> Program -> S7 Program to insert a new program into the current project. When you insert an object, the system automatically gives it a relevant name, e.g. "S7 Program(1)". You can then change this name if you like. You use the method described above to create a hardware-independent program. Programs assigned to particular hardware are dealt with in the Chapter "Hardware Configuration". Page 11
Inserting an S7 Block Inserting a Block File: PRO1_02E.12 Select the menu options Insert -> S7 Block to display a list of block types: Organization blocks (OB) are called by the operating system. They form the interface between operating system and user program. Information and Functions (FC) and function blocks (FB) contain the actual user program. They enable a complex program to be divided into small, easy-to-follow units. Data blocks contain user data. After you have chosen the type of block you want, the "Properties" dialog box opens so that you can enter the block number and the programming language you want to use (LAD, STL or FBD). There are other settings you can make, depending on the type of block, but these will be discussed later. When you have made your settings and confirmed them by clicking the "OK" button, the new block is inserted in the current program. Page 12
STEP 7 Help System Obtaining Help File: PRO1_02E.13 Information and There are various ways of obtaining help: 1. The general help is activated via the menu options Help - > Contents. 2. The context-sensitive help can be started with the F1 function key or via the symbol in the toolbar. Tabs Contents" - Displays a list of help topics under general headings. "Index" - Allows you to access the help information by displaying a list of terms available in alphabetical order. Find" - Enables you to look for certain words or expressions in the help topics. Hot words Certain words are hi-lighted in green and are underlined with a broken line in the help texts (so-called "Hot words"). A mouse click on these "Hot words" leads to a further help text with detailed information. Page 13
Context-Sensitive Help in STEP 7 Context-Sensitive Note File: PRO1_02E.14 Information and The context-sensitive help gives application-specific information about hi-lighted objects, blocks, menu commands, dialogs etc. You can jump from the context-sensitive help to the general help via the button "Help on STEP 7". You can find additional information on STEP 7 in the electronic manuals. These can be opened when you choose the menu options Start -> Simatic -> S7 Manuals. Page 14
Standard Libraries Introduction Standard Library Communication Blocks Organization Blocks File: PRO1_02E.15 Information and Libraries are used to store blocks without project assignment. These blocks can be created in the library, can be copied into and out of it, but cannot be tested. The library structure is set up as hierarchical just as the project structure. STEP 7 contains a Standard Library, that was stored in the STEP 7 Software folder e.g. C:\Siemens\Step7\S7libs\stlib30 after STEP 7 was installed. You can access these standard blocks from the SIMATIC-Manager with Open->Libraries". FCs for communication between the CPU and the distributed I/O via communication processors with S7-300. Organization blocks (OBs). S5-S7 Converting Blocks TI-S7 Converting Blocks IEC Function Blocks PID Control Blocks System Function Blocks Note Blocks for converting STEP 5 programs. Generally usable standard functions such as analog value scaling Blocks for IEC functions (IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission), such as for processing time and date, for comparison operations, for string processing and for selecting maximum and minimum. Function blocks (FBs) for PID closed-loop controls. System functions (SFCs) and System function blocks (SFBs). Additional libraries are added when option software are installed. Page 15
Exercise: Creating a Project Enter project name here and confirm with "OK" Remember! Goal What to Do File: PRO1_02E.16 Information and A project contains all the programs and data for the entire automation task. It can contain one or more programs which can be used in one or more CPUs. To delete an existing project and create a new one. 1. Open the SIMATIC-Manager. 2. Select the menu options File -> Delete -> Projects. 3. Select My Project from the list of projects and confirm with OK. 4. After the project has been deleted, select the menu options File -> New -> New Project. 5. In the box provided enter the project name "My Project". Page 16
Exercise: Inserting an S7 Program Remember! What to Do File: PRO1_02E.17 Information and An S7 program is a combination of program blocks, data blocks, comments and symbols which are all connected with an application. When you create a program you create a structure that includes all these program sections. 1. In the project "My Project, select the menu options Insert -> Program -> S7 Program. or (instead of point 1.): 1a.Click the right mouse button. In the menu that appears, select the options Insert New Object -> S7 Program to insert a new program. 2. A new S7 program with the name "S7 Program 1 is created. 3. Change the name of the program to My Program. 4. In the My Program folder you will find the S7 program itself with the objects: Blocks (user program), Source Files (source programs) and Symbols (symbol table). Results A new S7 program is created within the project "My Project. In the SIMATIC Manager you can see the subdirectory My Program in the directory "My Project". An empty OB1 block is automatically created in the user program: Page 17
Exercise: Inserting an S7 Block Remember! Goal What to Do File: PRO1_02E.18 Information and In simple terms, a block in a CPU is a program section that has a particular function and a particular structure. Block OB1 is called cyclically by the operating system and provides access to the S7 program. It can contain both program statements and calls to other blocks. Inserting an empty block (FC1). 1. Select the user program (Blocks) in which you want to create the new block. 2. Select the menu options Insert -> S7 Block ->Function. or (instead of point 2.) 2a.Click the right mouse button. In the menu that appears, select the options Insert New Object -> Function to insert a new function. 3. Enter the block number in the Name" box (in this case: FC1), and enter the programming language you want to use (LAD/STL/FBD) in the Language box. 4. Enter any additional information, such as Author etc., if required. 5. Check all entries and confirm with OK. Result You have created a new, empty block called FC1. Page 18
Manual Exercise: CPU Memory Reset From the PG After inserting a Memory Card 1. Mode selector in STOP position 1. Mode selector in RUN-P position 1. Mode selector in STOP position Request Memory Reset 2. Hold mode selector in MRES position until the STOP LED flashes twice (slowly) 3. Release mode selector (returns automatically to the STOP position) 2. Menu options: PLC -> Operating Mode -> Stop 3. Menu options: PLC -> Clear/Reset 2. Insert Memory Card 3. STOP LED flashes slowly Perform Memory Reset General 1. Hold mode selector in MRES position ( STOP LED flashes quickly) 2. Release mode selector (returns automatically to the STOP position) 1. Confirm Memory Reset by clicking the OK button File: PRO1_02E.19 1. Hold mode selector in MRES position ( STOP LED flashes quickly) 2. Release mode selector (returns automatically to the STOP position) Information and Before you download the user program to the S7 PLC, you should reset the CPU memory to make sure there are no old blocks left in the CPU. The following takes place during a memory reset: All user data are erased (with the exception of the MPI parameter assignment). Hardware test and initialization If an EPROM memory card is inserted, the CPU copies the contents of the EPROM back into the internal RAM after memory reset. If no memory card is inserted, the set MPI address is retained. If, however, a memory card is inserted, the MPI address entered on the card is loaded. The contents of the diagnostic buffer (can be viewed on the PG) are retained. Note Exercise The CPU must be in the STOP mode for a memory reset: Mode selector in STOP or Mode selector in RUN-P and mode changed to STOP by selecting the menu options PLC -> Operating Mode -> Stop. Perform a memory reset of the CPU (with the keyswitch or from the PG). You can check if the memory reset was performed successfully by checking the contents of the block folder in the Online view. Only system blocks (SDB, SFC and SFB) should now exist. Page 19