Chemistry Reference Tables Name Value Avogadro s number 6.0 10 particles/mole 0.081 L atm mole K Gas constant (R) 6. L mmg mole K 8.1 L kpa mole K Standard pressure 1.00 atm = 101. kpa = 760. mmg = 760. torr Standard temperature 0C or 7K Volume of 1 mole of any gas at STP. L Thermodynamic Constants Symbol Value eat of fusion of water eat of vaporization of water Specific heat of water f (water) v (water) C p (water) J/g,60 J/g.05 J for ice,.0 J for steam, g C g C.18 J for liquid g C Metal Specific eat J g C Density (g/cm ) Melting Point ( C) Aluminum 0.897.70 660 Copper 0.85 8.9 108 Gold 0.19 19.1 106 Iron 0.9 7.86 155 Lead 0.19 11.7 8 Magnesium 1.0 1.7 69 Mercury 0.10 1.599 9 Nickel 0. 8.90 155 Titanium 0.5.5 1660 Zinc 0.88 7.1 0 NCDPI Reference Tables for Chemistry (October 006 form A-v1) Page 1
Organic Substances Name Density Melting Point ( C) Boiling Point ( C) Ethanol (C C O) Glucose (C O ) 6 1 6 exane (C ) 6 1 Methane (C ) Methanol (C O) Sucrose (C O ) 1 11 0.789 g/cm 119 79 1.5 g/cm 86 Decompose 0.660 g/cm 95 69 0.716 g/l 18 16 0.791 g/cm 9 65 1.7 g/cm 86 Decompose Inorganic Substances Name *Density @ STP Melting Point ( C) Boiling Point ( C) Chlorine.1 g/l 101 5 ydrogen 0.0899 g/l 59 5 ydrogen chloride 1.60 g/l 115 85 ydrogen sulfide 1.5 g/l 85 61 Nitrogen 1.5 g/l 10 196 Nitrogen monoxide 1. g/l 16 15 Oxygen 1. g/l 18 18 Sodium carbonate Sodium chloride.5 g/cm 851 Decomposes.165 g/cm 801 11 Sulfur dioxide.9 g/l 7 10 *Water (at C) 1.00 g/cm 0 100 NCDPI Reference Tables for Chemistry (October 006 form A-v1) Page
Formulas D = m D = density V K = C + 7 m = mass PV T PV = V = volume T 1 1 t 1 P = P + P + P + K = Kelvin M V 1... = M V P = pressure 1 1 PV = nrt R = gas constant M = moles of solute T = temperature liters of solution q = mc p ΔT M = molarity q = m v n = number of moles q = m f q = quantity of heat energy p + po = 1 C p = specific heat p = log[ + ] v = heat of vaporization po = log[ O ] f = heat of fusion K = [ ][ O ] = 1 10 w + 1 K w = equilibrium constant for the ionization of water [ ] = 10 + p [O ] = 10 po NCDPI Reference Tables for Chemistry (October 006 form A-v1) Page
NCDPI Reference Tables for Chemistry (October 006 form A-v1) Page 56 Ba Barium 17.8 55 Cs Cesium 1.91 57 La Lanthanum 18.91 7 f afnium 178.9 7 Ta Tantalum 180.95 7 W Tungsten 18.8 75 Re Rhenium 186.1 76 Os Osmium 190. 77 Ir Iridium 19. 88 Ra Radium (6) 87 Fr Francium () 89 Ac Actinium (7) 10 Rf Rutherfordium (61) 105 Db Dubnium (6) 106 Sg Seaborgium (6) 107 Bh Bohrium (6) 108 s assium (69) 109 Mt Meitnerium (68) 7 Rb Rubidium 85.7 5 Rh Rhodium 10.91 Ru Ruthenium 101.07 Tc Technetium (98) Mo Molybdenum 95.9 1 Nb Niobium 9.91 0 Zr Zirconium 91. 9 Y Yttrium 88.91 8 Sr Strontium 87.6 0 Ca Calcium 0.08 19 K Potassium 9.10 1 Sc Scandium.96 Ti Titanium 7.88 V Vanadium 50.9 Cr Chromium 51.99 5 Mn Manganese 5.9 6 Fe Iron 55.85 7 Co Cobalt 58.9 1 Mg Magnesium.1 11 Na Sodium.99 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 VIIIB 9 VIIIB IIIB Be Beryllium 9.01 Li Lithium 6.91 1 ydrogen 1.008 IIA 1 IA 91 Pa Protactinium 1.0 90 Th Thorium.0 9 U Uranium 8.0 9 Np Neptunium (7) 9 Pu Plutonium () 95 Am Americium () 96 Cm Curium (7) 59 Pr Praseodymium 10.91 58 Ce Cerium 10.1 60 Nd Neodymium 1. 61 Pm Promethium (15) 6 Sm Samarium 150.6 6 Eu Europium 151.96 6 Gd Gadolinium 157.5 PERIODIC TABLE
NCDPI Reference Tables for Chemistry (October 006 form A-v1) Page 5 78 Pt Platinum 195.08 79 Au Gold 196.97 80 g Mercury 00.59 81 Tl Thallium 0.8 8 Pb Lead 07. 8 Bi Bismuth 08.98 8 Po Polonium (09) 85 At Astatine (10) 86 Rn Radon () 110 Ds Darmstadtium (71) 111 Rg Roentgenium (7) 11 Uub Ununbium (77) 8 Cd Cadmium 11.1 7 Ag Silver 107.87 6 Pd Palladium 106. 5 Xe Xenon 11.9 5 I Iodine 16.90 5 Te Tellurium 17.60 51 Sb Antimony 11.76 50 Sn Tin 118.71 9 In Indium 11.8 8 Ni Nickel 58.69 9 Cu Copper 6.55 0 Zn Zinc 65.9 1 Ga Gallium 69.7 Ge Germanium 7.61 As Arsenic 7.9 Se Selenium 78.96 5 Br Bromine 79.90 6 Kr Krypton 8.80 18 Ar Argon 9.95 17 Cl Chlorine 5.5 16 S Sulfur.07 15 P Phosphorus 0.97 1 Si Silicon 8.09 1 Al Aluminum 6.98 10 VIIIB 11 IB 1 IIB 5 B Boron 10.81 6 C Carbon 1.01 7 N Nitrogen 1.01 8 O Oxygen 16.00 9 F Fluorine 19.00 10 Ne Neon 0.18 e elium.00 17 VIIA 1 IIIA 1 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 18 VIIIA 97 Bk Berkelium (7) 98 Cf Californium (51) 99 Es Einsteinium (5) 100 Fm Fermium (57) 101 Md Mendelevium (58) 10 No Nobelium (5) 10 Lr Lawrencium (6) 65 Tb Terbium 158.9 66 Dy Dysprosium 16.50 67 o olmium 16.9 68 Er Erbium 167.6 69 Tm Thulium 168.9 70 Yb Ytterbium 17.0 71 Lu Lutetium 17.97 OF TE ELEMENTS
SOLUBILITY RULES Soluble: All Nitrates, Acetates, Ammonium, and Group 1 (IA) salts All Chlorides, Bromides, and Iodides, except Silver, Lead, and Mercury(I) All Fluorides except Group (IIA), Lead(II), and Iron(III) All Sulfates except Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Mercury, Lead(II), and Silver Insoluble (0.10 M or greater): All Carbonates and Phosphates except Group 1 (IA) and Ammonium All ydroxides except Group 1 (IA), Strontium, Barium, and Ammonium All Sulfides except Group 1 (IA), (IIA), and Ammonium All Oxides except Group 1 (IA) Guidelines for Predicting the Products of Selected Types of Chemical Reaction Key: M = Metal NM = Nonmetal 1. SYNTESIS: a. Formation of binary compound: A + B AB b. Metal oxide-water reactions: MO + O base c. Nonmetal oxide-water reactions: (NM)O + O acid. DECOMPOSITION: a. Binary compounds: AB A + B b. Metallic carbonates: MCO MO + CO c. Metallic hydrogen carbonates: MCO MO+ O (l) + CO (g) d. Metallic hydroxides: MO MO + O e. Metallic chlorates: MClO MCl + O f. Oxyacids decompose to nonmetal oxides and water: acid (NM)O + O. SINGLE REPLACEMENT: a. Metal-metal replacement: A + BC AC + B b. Active metal replaces from water: M + O MO + c. Active metal replaces from acid: M + X MX + d. alide-alide replacement: D + BC BD + C. DOUBLE REPLACEMENT: AB + CD AD + CB a. Formation of a precipitate from solution b. Acid-Base neutralization reaction 5. COMBUSTION REACTION ydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water NCDPI Reference Tables for Chemistry (October 006 form A-v1) Page 6
ACTIVITY SERIES of alogens: F Cl Br I ACTIVITY SERIES of Metals Li Rb K Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb [ ] Sb Bi Cu g Ag Pt Au Replace hydrogen from cold water Replace hydrogen from steam Replace hydrogen from acids React with oxygen to form oxides + N BrO CN CO (CCOO ) ClO ClO ClO ClO IO MnO NO NO O CO SO SCN CO CrO 7 CrO SO SO PO Polyatomic Ions Ammonium Bromate Cyanide Acetate Perchlorate Chlorate Chlorite ypochlorite Iodate Permanganate Nitrate Nitrite ydroxide ydrogen carbonate ydrogen sulfate Thiocyanate Carbonate Dichromate Chromate Sulfate Sulfite Phosphate NCDPI Reference Tables for Chemistry (October 006 form A-v1) Page 7
Bohr Model for ydrogen Atom (measurement in nanometers) n = 6 n = 5 n = n = n = n = 1 UV = Ultraviolet IR = Infrared 18 656 1 97 1875 86 109 10 10 IR Visible UV Electromagnetic Spectrum (measurement in meters) 10 10 10 10 1 10 0 10 1 10 10 10 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9 10 10 10 11 10 1 10 1 Microwaves X rays Radio waves Infrared Ultraviolet Gamma rays Longer Wavelength Visible Light Shorter Wavelength Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Violet 7.0 10 7 6.5 10 7 5.9 10 7 5.7 10 7.9 10 7. 10 7.0 10 7 NCDPI Reference Tables for Chemistry (October 006 form A-v1) Stock No. 10569 Page 8