SES Safety and ATM/ANS Regulations - EASA activities related to MET services

SES Safety and ATM/ANS Regulations - EASA activities related to MET services 13-14 October 2015 European Conference on Meteorology for Aviation Jussi MYLLÄRNIEMI Head of ATM/ANS & Aerodromes Department Flight Standards Directorate

Outline 1. Aviation safety & weather 2. EU and EASA 3. EU rules and ICAO implementation 4. SES rules on ATM/ANS, esp. meteorological services (MET) 2

Aviation safety & weather (1) External hazards are a challenge to aviators; Weather phenomena - Wind, Storm, Turbulence, Snow,... Affected by weather - Volcanic Ash, Bird Strike, Forest fire, Average of 13 % of all accidents are categorized as weatherrelated (fixed wing scheduled CAT >2250 kg MTOM; in last decade) Most accidents involved turbulence encounters, but; Statistical limitations, accident data v. positive safety 3

Aviation safety & weather (2) Accidents, serious incidents and incidents in ADREP repository; Occurrences 2005-2014 - All types/all operations Where weather was relevant Occurred between 2005 and 2014 Occurrence Category for Weather Related ICE: Icing UIMC: Unintended flight in IMC TURB: Turbulence encounter WSTRW: Windshear or thunderstorm. Other (i.e., winds) 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% No Weather Related 92% Commercial Air Transport Operation Type for Weather Related State flights Unknown Not Specified Aerial Work General Aviation Weather Related 8% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 4

Turbulence Windshear Ice Non-Powerplant Powerplant Crew related ATM related Carog related Aviation safety & weather (3) Selection of data subset for analysis - Occurrences fulfilling the following criteria (65): 1. Occurred between 2009-2014 2. Categorized as Loss of Control - I (ADREP database) 3. Involving a CAT fixed wing aircraft with MTOW > 5700 kg 4. Containing minimum information to confirm the LoC-I and identify most relevant factor(s) 14 12 12 10 8 6 4 2 9 8 3 7 Approach En-route Take-off 5 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 1 0 5

EASA Risk Portfolio CAT FW Safety issues Number of accidents Number of serious incidents Number of incidents Total Gaps in Operational measures and Oversight[3] 15 5 0 20 CRM & Communication Gaps 13 9 3 25 Inadequate knowledge of aircraft systems 13 7 2 22 Crew awareness enhancement in unexpected or unfamiliar scenarios 13 5 2 20 Management of flight operations in extreme weather conditions 13 4 3 20 Crew Impairment 9 5 1 15 Crew Monitoring of flight parameters/modes 7 7 2 16 Inadequate handling of the Go-Around 7 3 0 10 Technical failure in flight 5 4 0 9 Erroneous Parameters 3 2 0 5 Improper loading and Dangerous Goods 2 0 0 2 Evacuation & Survivability Enhancement 2 0 0 2 Criticalities in Ground Operations[2] 2 0 0 2 ILS false/disrupted signal capture[1] 1 3 1 5 Latent failures in Maintenance and Logistics 1 2 0 3 Enhancement on Recording devices 1 2 0 3 Contamination of Controls or Control Surfaces at Take-off[4] 1 1 0 2 Improper management of separation between aircraft 0 4 6 10 [1] The headline ILS false/disrupted signal capture is questionable and a rewording might need to be considered. [2] Criticalities in ground operations can be questioned. Should there be a difference between aerodrome facilities / operations (all services for take-off and landing for all aircraft such as contaminated runway) and ground handling (every operations around one aircraft only, such as de-icing)? [3] Gaps in Operational measures and oversight can be questioned. Should there be a distinction between the oversight rules compliance and the effectiveness of SOPs? Or should there be a safety issue for SOPs only (effectiveness and adherence) and another safety issue for the rest? [4]A question can be raised on whether Contamination of Controls or Control Surfaces at Take-off is too specific. EASA General Presentation 6

EU institutions Council of the European Union European Council European Court of Justice European Parliament European Commission Technically independent Legally/financially autonomous EASA 8

Territorial scope of the EASA system 28 EU states 4 EFTA states EASA technical cooperation 9

EASA responsibilities The Agency contributes directly to core activities and priorities of the European Union in particular: Ensuring to all citizen a high level of aviation safety Ensuring highest common level of environmental protection Facilitate the internal aviation single market & create a level playing field Support to European industry on the international scene Enabling growth and the creation of jobs Safety significantly affects all aviation domains: Total System Approach Airworthiness Operations & FCL 3rd Country Operations Aerodromes ATM/ANS 10

The EU aviation safety system - common rules Centralised rulemaking = common rule De-centralised application of the law = 28 + 4 States (CAAS) & regulated organisations apply the common law EU Rules 12

Common aviation rules - regulatory structure Basic Regulation EASA Opinion Commission proposal EU Council & Parliament Implementing Rules EASA Opinion Commission Regulation Soft Law o Acceptable Means of Compliance o Certification Specifications o Guidance Material EASA Decision 13

EASA Regulatory framework and ICAO (1) ICAO EU Will conform (+ differences) Will endeavour to conform (+ differences) Standard Recommendation Implementing rule AMC Binding Non-Binding Assistance Documents GM Assistance 14

EASA Regulatory framework and ICAO (2) High and uniform level of safety through a common action - but not through 27 different transpositions and adaptations of international standards (possibly implemented at different times) Common rules do not replace SARPs nor create an extra layer of regulation but replace national transpositions of SARPs!

SES - Single European Sky SES pillars Performance Safety Technology Airports Human factor Performance scheme Performance Review Body Functional Airspace Blocks Network Manager National Supervisory Authorities EASA - ATM competence & Total system approach ATM Master plan SESAR Joint Undertaking Common projects Deployment governance Implementation projects Airport observatory Specific sectorial dialogue Committee Consultative expert group on social dimension of the SES 17

EASA - ATM/ANS & aerodromes Safe air-traffic Safe landing/take-off Regulation on ATM/ANS; ~ 250 ANSPs in Europe Several services: ATC, AIS, MET, NAV, Rules of the Air Air Traffic Controller licensing New airspace concepts Regulation on Aerodromes; ~ 500 aerodromes (in BR scope) Aerodrome operator requirements & oversight Aerodrome operations Aerodrome design 18

ATM/ANS rules - regulatory domains Aircraft & air operators Space systems ATM equipment, pilot training, etc. Airspace concepts ATM/ANS services ATS COM AIS ASM NAV MET ATFM SUR ASD DAT NSAs and ANSPs ATCOs licensing TRG ATO MED SERA Rules of the Air SWIM PBN etc. Airports ATM/ANS 13/10/2015 change via "view" > "header and footer" 19

ATM rules ANSP requirements & MET Part-AR - Authority requirements Part-OR - General organisation requirements Parts- xxx - Technical requirements transposition of ICAO SARPs in common EASA rule 20

Rule development 4-year Rule making rogramme Task initiation Consult RAG/ TAG SSCC ToR GC Analyse issue and develop Draft RIA RIA Draft Rule NPA (RIA) Public Consult Analysis of comments and final review Decision with CRD Opinion with CRD Contribution by Rulemaking Group to develop the proposal (and RIA) Contribution by Review Group or focussed consultation Rulemaking Group: - Members based on expertise - Nominees by EASA advisory committees - The Chair (selected from members) - EASA provides secretariat and drafts the deliverables 21

The MET rules package NPA 2013-08 (MET.OR) 10 May 2013 NPA 2014-07 (MET.TR) 28 March 2014 Opinion 03/2014 16 Dec 2014 Commission Regulation Requirements for service providers and the safety oversight thereof 22

Drafting principles for MET rules Performance based rulemaking Implementing rules specify safety objectives or safety performance AMC/GM contain means to comply with safety objectives/performance Proportionality; different safety target levels for different categories of MET information rules take into account; the type of MET provider the type of MET information to be disseminated the involved risks for flight operations Current rule proposal (subject to vote) based on latest ICAO Amendment 76 ICAO Amendment 77; alignment will be ensured, assessment through the ICAO State Letters (poss.) MET staff requirements (based on WMO technical regulations) EASA involvement in ICAO METP (via European MET Knowledge Network) 23

Thank you for your attention - Pleased to address your questions! (jussi.myllarniemi@easa.europa.eu)