1 CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel TPL FUEL & TRACTION SYSTEMS OBSERVATORY HYBRIDS Francisco González Technical Director TMB Barcelona Centro Congressi La Fornace Via dell Equitazione 32, Roma
WHAT IS FUEL & TRACTION SYSTEMS OBSERVATORY? IS A WORKING GROUP INSIDE UITP BUS COMMITTEE DEALING WITH ALTERNATIVE TRACTION SYSTEMS ON BUSES EVALUATING THE LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT / INTRODUCTION OF EVERY TECHNOLOGY IN THE MARKET EVALUATING OPERATIONAL / ENERGY / ENVIRONMENT / ECONOMICS PRODUCING RECOMMENDATIONS TO UITP MEMBERS Centro Congressi - La Fornace, Roma 2
FTSO MAIN CONCLUSIONS TO IMPROVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY, THE BEST SOLUTIONS ARE ELECTRIC DRIVE TECHNOLOGIES PURE ELECTRIC FOR MINI MIDI BUSES HYBRID TECHNOLOGY FOR LARGE BUSES FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY - FUTURE Centro Congressi - La Fornace, Roma 3
HYBRID BUSES MARKET DEVELOPMENT Hybrid buses are becoming a player on marketplace NORTH AMERICA Started serial introduction by the end of 90 s. Today several thousands in different cities. EUROPE Some trials by the end of 90 s, not continued. Trying to develop the expansion all around. ASIA - PACIFIC Not so much developed. Some manufacturers starting to propose models. Centro Congressi - La Fornace, Roma 4
Several manufacturers (6-7) The main proposals are: NORTH AMERICAN COMMERCIAL OFFER Daimler ORION Bus Cummins ISB260 engine BAE Systems trans. Li-ion battery NEW FLYER-Xcelsior Cummins ISB280 engine GM-Allison EP40 trans. GILLIG Corporation Cummins ISB280 engine GM-Allison trans. NiMH battery Centro Congressi - La Fornace, Roma 5
NORTH AMERICAN HYBRID FLEETS CITY COMPANY BUS Model Dec.2009 Dec.2010 New York MTA Orion Bus 960 1.812 Toronto TTC Orion Bus 525 950 Washington WMA New Flyer 50 550 Philadelphia SEP New Flyer 269 510 Seattle KCD New Flyer 236 520 Chicago CTA New Flyer 170 228 Vancouver CMBC New Flyer 2 182 Ottawa COT Orion Bus 2 177 Honolulu CCH New Flyer 50 80 Montreal STM Volvo (Tender 300) 8 (test) 8 Other cities 600 1.003 TOTAL (Diesel-electric) 2.872 6.020 Others (Gasoline/GNC-electric) 160 300 Centro Congressi - La Fornace, Roma 6
EUROPEAN COMMERCIAL OFFER EVOBUS MAN VOLVO IVECO CASTROSUA SOLARIS A.DENNIS Centro Congressi - La Fornace, Roma 7
EUROPEAN COMMERCIAL OFFER TYPE ENER.STG. SIZE EVOBUS Serial Batteries 18 m. SCANIA Serial Batteries 15 m. VOLVO Parallel Batteries 12 m-dd MAN Serial Ultracaps 12 m. IRISBUS Serial Batteries 12-18 m. SOLARIS Paral/Serial Batteries 12-18 m. VAN HOOL Serial Ultracaps 9-10-18-25 m VDL Parallel Batteries 18-24 m. DENNIS Serial Batteries 9-10,7-DD WHRIGHT Serial Batteries 12 m-dd HESS Serial Ultracaps 18-25 m. TATA HISPANO Serial Batteries 12 m. CASTROSUA Serial Batteries 9,6-11,5 m. Centro Congressi - La Fornace, Roma 8
EUROPEAN HYBRID FLEETS COUNTRY CITY/COMP. BUS Model < 2010 < 2011 U.K. LONDON Wright Bus 23 -- A.Dennis 17 -- Others 16 196 Total LONDON 56 196 Manchester A.Dennis -- 116 Oxford A.Dennis -- 26 Other cities -- 312 TOTAL U.K. 56 650 GERMANY Leipzig Evobus 1 19 Dresden MAN 1 18 Bochum Solaris 1 13 Köln -- 12 Others cities 14 109 TOTAL GERMANY 17 171 Centro Congressi - La Fornace, Roma 9
EUROPEAN HYBRID FLEETS COUNTRY CITY/COMP. BUS Model < 2010 < 2011 FRANCE Paris (RATP) Several 6 (test) 1-2 TransdevSolaris 5 5 Poitiers Heuliez -- 1 Beauvais VanHool -- 1 NETHERLAND Dordrecht. -- 27 Zuid Holland VanHool 10 24 Apeldoorn Volvo 5 5 Eindhoven VDL Phileas 12 12 Utrecht (Tender 2013) -- 220 LUXEMBOURG Luxembourg Volvo-Hess 2 22 BELGIUM Flanders Van Hool 57 136 Wallonnia Retrofit Irisbus (proto) 1 1 Centro Congressi - La Fornace, Roma 10
EUROPEAN HYBRID FLEETS COUNTRY CITY/COMP. BUS Model < 2010 < 2011 ITALY Italy has run a quantity of 1st. Generation Hybrid buses A total of more than 220 units run since 1995 Manufacturers: ALTRA Breda Cacciamali CAM MILAN Several 4 5 SWITZERLAND Test in several cities HESS -- 2 SPAIN Barcelona MAN+Castrosua 4 4 (+22) Madrid Several 4 (test) -- (+24) Valladolid MAN -- 1 San Sebastian MAN -- 1 Barcelona Area MAN+Castrosua -- 8 Barcelona TMB Retrofit 1 20 Madrid EMT Retrofit -- 5 Centro Congressi - La Fornace, Roma 11
HYBRID BUSES - RETROFIT RETROFIT - THE WAY OF SPEED NUMBER OF HYBRIDS INVESTMENT ONLY FOR SPECIFIC HARDWARE TMB HAS BUILT A PROTOTYPE ON IVECO-CITYCLASS TESTS HAVE BEEN OK CONVERSION UP TO 100 UNITS Centro Congressi - La Fornace, Roma 12
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY A FUEL CELL VEHICLE IS A PURE ELECTRIC VEHICLE, WITH GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY ON BOARD, THROUGH A HYDROGEN FUEL CELL A FUEL CELL IS A DEVICE THAT, USING HYDROGEN AS FUEL, CAN GENERATE ELECTRICITY, THAT IS USED ON ELECTRIC MOTOR TO DRIVE THE BUS, OR STORED ON BATTERIES. THE MAJOR PROBLEMS TODAY FOR FUEL CELL BUSES ARE FUEL CELL LIFE CYCLE, AND COST. (A STD. 12 m BUS RANGE BETWEEN 1,5 2,0 M ) Centro Congressi - La Fornace, Roma 13
FUEL CELL BUS Centro Congressi - La Fornace, Roma 14
FUEL CELL DEMONSTRATION CUTE & HyFleet CUTE Projects Stockholm, London, Luxembourg, Amsterdam, Hamburg, Stuttgart, Porto, Madrid, Barcelona + Rejkyavijk, Beijing, Perth TOTAL = 36 buses HBA Members Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, British Columbia, Cologne, Hamburg, London, Madrid, South Tyrol, Western Australia. Centro Congressi - La Fornace, Roma 15
FUEL CELL PROJECTS ON-GOING CHIC Project London 8 uts. Wright Oslo 5 uts. VanHool Milan 3 uts. Evobus South Tyrol 5 uts. ---- Aargau(Sw) 5 uts. Evobus TOTAL 26 buses Other European Berlin 4 uts. MAN Hamburg 10 uts. Evobus Cologne 2 uts. APTS Amsterdam 2 uts. APTS TOTAL 18 buses North America ASIA BC Transit 20 uts. ISE Shanghai 3 uts. SAICS San Francisco 12 uts. California Tr. 10 uts. VanHool TOTAL 42 buses TOTAL 89 F.C. Buses Centro Congressi - La Fornace, Roma 16
ELECTRIC BUS - EUROPE ZEUS - Bredamenarini bus Lenght = 5,9 m. Passen. = 23 Batty Li-ion 58 kwh Autonom. = 120 km GULLIVER TECNOBUS Lenght = 5,0 m. Passen. = 19 Batty Zebra 40 kwh Autonom. = 130 km OREOS 2X GRUAU-PVI Lenght = 7,2 m. Passen. = 22 Batty Li-ion 85 kwh Autonom. = 120 km ONLY SMALL ELECTRIC BUSES Centro Congressi - La Fornace, Roma 17
BUT : CHINESE MANUFACTURERS ARE OFFERING 12 m. ELECTRIC BUSES Lenght = 12,0 m. Passen. = 65-70 ELECTRIC BUS DELTA ELECTRONICS FOTON BUILD your DREAMS ZONDA BONLUCK HENGTONG Range km. 180 180 500!! 180 WHO IS LYING? Centro Congressi - La Fornace, Roma 18
ENERGY BALANCE AT TMB Centro Congressi - La Fornace, Roma 19
ESCENARIO FUEL INC. 0% DIESEL CNG /100 km FUEL COST 54,0 37,8 ECONOMIC BALANCE /100 km % HYBRID- BATT. HYBRID-UCAP FUEL CELL-F.P. /100 km % /100 km % /100 km % FUEL CELL- HYBR /100 km % - 30 40,5-25 40,5-25 280 418 140 159 MAINT. COST 40,5 44,5 9,9 41,0 1,2 41,0 1,2 41,0 1,2 41,0 1,2 F.CELL M.COST 1485 457 TANKS INSPEC. 1,5 1,5 1,5 ELECTRIC STORG.COST 14,3 3,6 0,0 14,3 PURCH. COST 32,1 35,7 11 51,4 60 46,4 44 178 455 257 700 TOTAL 127 120-5,6 147 16 132 3,8 1987 1469 911 619 Centro Congressi - La Fornace, Roma 20
1 CONVEGNO Sistema Gomma nel TPL Grazie per la cortese attenzione Francisco González fagonzalez@tmb.cat Centro Congressi La Fornace Via dell Equitazione 32, Roma