Jahrestagung 2012 Öko-Institut e.v. Energiewende Gut vernetzt? Berlin, 13 th September 2012 Future Energy Storage/Balancing Demand Dr. Christian Doetsch Fraunhofer UMSICHT Germany 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 1
Change of the electric energy system Energy System change to renewable energies much more fluctuations less base load power plants Challenges balancing the grid at each time managing the temporary surplus or lack of energy Need of energy balancing devices 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 2
BCG Electricity Storage, Making Large-Scale Adoption of Wind and Solar Energies a Reality, Mar 2010, file 41973 Growth in Demand for Wind and Solar PV Will Likely Be Strong Across All Major Regions Through 2025 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 3
Installed energy storage system vs. installed generation capacity North America Europe * Eastern Asia 2 % 6 % 3 % 26 1200 46 700 25 875 Installed capacity [GW] Storage Systems Total * Japan, China, Korea, Taiwan 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 4
Worldwide installed storage capacity for electrical energy (2010) CAES NaS LA Redox NiCd 477 MW el 302 MW el 125 MW el 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 5 38 MW el 26 MW el Sodium-Sulphur Battery Compressed Air Energy Storage Lead-Acid Battery Sodium-Sulphur Battery Compressed Air Energy Storage Lead-Acid Battery Sodium-Sulphur Battery Redox-Flow Battery Sodium-Sulphur Battery Lead-Acid Battery Sodium-Sulphur Battery Redox-Flow Battery Lead-Acid Battery Nickel-Cadmium Battery Redox-Flow Battery Lead-Acid Battery Lead-Acid Battery Nickel-Cadmium Battery Redox-Flow Battery
Worldwide installed storage capacity for electrical energy Pumped storage hydroelectricity Pumped Hydro Compressed Air Energy Storage Sodium-Sulphur Battery 110 000 MW el Lead-Acid Battery Redox-Flow Battery over 99% of total storage capacity Nickel-Cadmium Battery 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 6
Where (grid-level) could this systems be located? central electric storages - pumped hydro - hydrogen generation - compressed air energy storage decentralized huge batteries - lead acid batteries - NaS batteries - Redox-Flow batteries local batteries - lithium-ion batteries - lead acid batteries - NiMh-, NiCd batteries virtual storages - HP + thermal storage - µchp + thermal storage 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 7
Basic technical framework there is always a real grid no ideal grid - fluctuations are local (e.g. PV) or central (e.g. wind) - demand fluctuations are local (household) or central (industry) - storages, DSM etc. are always local or central options Germany was, is and will be no island - grid connections to European neighbors - embedded to the European grid - important for 100% renewable energy scenario 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 8
Negative Ausgleichsleistung [GW] Positive Ausgleichsleistung [GW] Estimations for Grid Balancing Demand (Germany, Peak Load 90 GW) 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 Positive Ausgleichsleistung grid balancing demand (Ausspeicherbedarf) (discharging power) [GW] Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (upper (oberes limit) Limit) (2008) Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (lower (unteres limit) Limit) (2008) Siemens (2010) BCG: Compensating 'Compensating Capacity' (2010) VDE Study Energy Storage (2012) 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Jahr Negative Ausgleichsleistung (Einspeicherbedarf) Negative grid balancing demand (charging power) [GW] 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 9 DENA study Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (upper (unteres limit) Limit) Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (lower (oberes limit) Limit) VDE Study Energy Storage 2012 Jahr Storage Storage Grid Grid
Negative Ausgleichsleistung [GW] Positive Ausgleichsleistung [GW] Grid Balancing Demand: Power [GW] vs. Stored Energy [GWh/a] 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 Positive Ausgleichsleistung grid balancing demand (Ausspeicherbedarf) (discharging power) [GW] Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (upper (oberes limit) Limit) (2008) Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (lower (unteres limit) Limit) (2008) Siemens (2010) BCG: Compensating 'Compensating Capacity' (2010) VDE Study Energy Storage (2012) 0 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Jahr Negative Ausgleichsleistung (Einspeicherbedarf) Negative grid balancing demand (charging power) [GW] DENA study Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (upper (unteres limit) Limit) Eigene Internal Berechnung estimations (lower (oberes limit) Limit) VDE Study Energy Storage 2012 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 10 Jahr Storage Storage Grid Grid Example: Grid Balancing Demand 2050 positive: approx. 40 GW negative: approx. 40 GW
Grid Balancing Demand Analysis: Power vs. Yearly Stored Energy Power [GW] Power [GW] 2050 - Additional additional need discharging of negative storage power (annual duration duration curve) curve) 50.00 40.00 30.00 Maximum storage, assumption: no export by interconnectors allowed Maximum storage, assumption: maximal export by interconnectors possible 20.00 10.00 0.00 10 TWh Storage Grid 2 TWh 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 Time in hours 2050 - Additional additional need charging of positive storage power (annual duration curve) curve) 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 Maximum storage, assumption: no import by interconnectors allowed Minimum storage, assumption:maximal import by interconnectors possible 132 TWh 27 TWh Storage Grid 10.00 0.00 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 Time in hours 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 11
Grid Balancing Demand Analysis: Power vs. Yearly Stored Energy Power [GW] Power [GW] 2050 - Additional need of negative storage (annual duration curve) 50.00 40.00 Maximum storage, assumption: no export by interconnectors allowed Maximum storage, assumption: maximal export by interconnectors possible Example: 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 10 TWh 2 TWh Storage Grid Grid Balancing Demand 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 Time in hours 2050 2050 - Additional need of positive storage (annual duration curve) Discharging 50.00 40.00 30.00 Maximum storage, assumption: no import by interconnectors allowed Minimum storage, assumption:maximal import by interconnectors possible : 2-10 TWh 20.00 10.00 0.00 132 TWh 27 TWh Storage Grid Charging: 27-132 TWh 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 Time in hours 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 12
Measurements for Grid-Balancing Energy Storage Virtual power plant Demand side management? Generation curtailment Additional load (e.g. hydrogen) Ex-/Import grid enhancement 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 13
Measurements for Grid-Balancing Energy Storage Virtual power plant Demand side management? Generation curtailment Additional load (e.g. hydrogen) Ex-/Import grid enhancement 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 14
Vision» hybrid urban energy storage «Realization of high shares of renewable energies by a smart combination of different storages: Few huge centralized storages, some big decentralized storages and many small decentralized storages and virtual storages (incl. thermal storages) mostly located in the city. www.hybrider-stadtspeicher.de 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 15
Conclusions energy balancing demand will increase due to higher penetration of fluctuating renewable energies different storage technologies will be located at different points of the grid and will solve different problems Germany has a good but no ideal grid (restrictions) but is embedded in the European grid energy balancing demand energy storage demand many different measurements for grid balancing, virtual (e.g. DSM) and real storages must be aggregated and operated in a coordinated way economical regulations must support these operations modes 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 17
.besuchen Sie uns auf der Hannovermesse 2010 Halle 13, Stand D??? Dr. Christian Doetsch Tel.: +49 208 8598 1195 christian.doetsch@umsicht.fraunhofer.de www.hybrider-stadtspeicher.de 2012-Sep-13 Berlin, Jahrestagung 2012, Chart 18