The fortifications of Rostov Russian heritage with a Dutch connection Rostov, November 2013
Introduction Daan Lavies History of Architecture University of Utrecht The development of the bastioned fort Menno van Coehoorn foundation
Identification mission to Rostov Cultural Heritage Agency of The Netherlands Ministry of Education, Culture and Science Jon van Rooijen Daan Lavies Mutual Heritage identification mission
Themes to discuss Rostov as a Mutual Heritage site Historical introduction The ramparts of Rostov and the Dutch fortification traditions What are the values of this site? Qualities Functions How can future plans be made?
- Jan Cornelius van Rodenburg or Jan Kornilov - No works of him are known in the Netherlands - The siege of s Hertogenbosch, 1629-1631 in Russian service Rostov - 1633 siege of Smolensk The Dutch connection - 1635 surveying and planning for segments of the Zasechnaya cherta - 1637 offering his service to the Swedish crown Tsar Michael (unknown artist, 1790-1810) - Before his death in ca. 1657 he was appointed quartermaster-general for all fortifications in Estonia, Livonia, Ingria and the island of Ösel and was raised to nobility The preparation of the siege of 's-hertogenbosch, 1629 (Painting by Daniël Cletcher, 1630) The fortifications of Rostov. Russian heritage with a Dutch connection
Origins and design principals Siege of Orléans, 1428
Dutch war of independence (1568-1648) - Adriaen Anthonisz (1541-1620) - Simon Stevin (1548-1620) De Sterctenbouwing 1594 Oud-Nederlands stelsel or: Old-Dutch defence system Ramparts of Heusden, Jacob Kemp 1581
The spread of the Dutch fortifications system Kaapstad / Cape Town, South Africa Nieuw Amsterdam/ New York, (Drawing USA. 1684) Galle, Sri (Drawing Lanka 1660) Trading posts (Drawing and colonies 1726) around the world that have stood under Dutch influence
The spread of the Dutch fortifications system - Export to Scandinavian kingdoms - Christiaan IV Denemarken and Norway (1588-1648) - Gustav II Adolf Zweden (1611-1632) - Duytsche Mathematique or Dutch mathematics in Leiden Copenhagen Denmark, ca. 1660 Hendrik Russe Göteburg Sweden, ca. 1621 (Map Kiättel Klason 1644)
Rostov and the Dutch tradition Model of Old-Dutch defence system Rostov map 1756 (?) map 1779 The fortifications of Rostov. Russian heritage with a Dutch connection
Rostov, Jan Cornelius van Rodenburg, 1630 s Ramparts of Heusden, Jacob Kemp 1580 s The fortifications of Rostov. Russian heritage with a Dutch connection
Rostov, Russia 26-05-2013 Heusden, The Netherlands 24-04-2013 The fortifications of Rostov. Russian heritage with a Dutch connection
Conclusion Rostov fortification resembles contemporary Dutch system + Dutch engineer + Use of earth ramparts in the bastion system + Fausse-braye (or under wall) + Straight flanks? Outworks? Water control system (inundation) «Голландская крепость в русском городе»
To Do List -> Exchange information for a deeper understanding -> Field research on key points -> Basis for future development
What are the values of this site? Understanding the place - Qualities of the structure - Functions around the ramparts
Structural Qualities - Integrality How complete and recognisable is the structure? - Authenticity - Aesthetics - Historical layers - Ensemble - Uniqueness
Structural Qualities - Integrality - Authenticity What has been saved, what lost or reconstructed? - Aesthetics - Historical layers - Ensemble - Uniqueness
Structural Qualities - Integrality - Authenticity - Aesthetics Is there beauty in the structure? - Historical layers - Ensemble - Uniqueness
Structural Qualities - Integrality - Authenticity - Aesthetics - Historical layers Can different periods or functions be distinguished? - Ensemble - Uniqueness
Structural Qualities - Integrality - Authenticity - Aesthetics - Historical layers - Ensemble How is the fortification linked to its environment? - Uniqueness
Structural Qualities - Integrality - Authenticity - Aesthetics - Historical layers - Ensemble - Uniqueness How special is the structure? Artist reconstruction Ladoga end 16th century (Peter Dennis 2006)
Functions - Living space / food production - Recreation - Commercial functions - Infrastructure - Water management - Experience history
- Living space / food production - Recreation - Commercial functions - Infrastructure - Water management - Experience history Functions
- Living space / food production - Recreation - Commercial functions - Infrastructure - Water management - Experience history Functions
- Living space / food production - Recreation - Commercial functions - Infrastructure - Water management - Experience history Functions
- Living space / food production - Recreation - Commercial functions - Infrastructure - Water management - Experience history Functions
- Living space / food production - Recreation - Commercial functions - Infrastructure - Water management - Experience history Functions
- Living space / food production - Recreation - Commercial functions - Infrastructure - Water management - Experience history Functions
Conclusion - There is a great difference in qualities and functions at different parts of the fortification. - More factors can be added to the framework and further analyses can be carried out to get more complete overview. - Understanding the place: history, qualities and functions forms the basis for future planning.
How can future plans be made? It is highly recommended to apply an integrated approach, linking the fortification both to the inner and outer city. Within the masterplan subareas can be defined, since different areas demand different forms of actions. - Preparing a vision document, stating the needs of Rostov. - Arranging involvement of al government parties responsible for the fortification and the direct surroundings. - Informing a general public about the historical value of the ramparts in an effort to raise public awareness. - Involve all stakeholders, especially people living close to the ramparts in future planning.
Different Dutch examples Bourtange Plan of fortress, 1742 Present day reconstruction of situation 1742 1950-1970
Different Dutch examples Den Bosch
Activities
http://www.coehoorn.nl/ Recognition
Partnerships http://vestingsteden.nl/ The fortifications of Rostov. Russian heritage with a Dutch connection
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