CONSTRAINING THE GRAMMAR OF APS AND ADVPS. TIBOR LACZKÓ & GYÖRGY RÁKOSI rakosi, laczko

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "CONSTRAINING THE GRAMMAR OF APS AND ADVPS. TIBOR LACZKÓ & GYÖRGY RÁKOSI http://ieas.unideb.hu/ rakosi, laczko http://hungram.unideb."

Lewis Sanders
8 years ago
Views:

1 CONSTRAINING THE GRAMMAR OF APS AND ADVPS IN HUNGARIAN AND ENGLISH: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS IN AN LFG-BASED COMPUTATIONAL PROJECT TIBOR LACZKÓ & GYÖRGY RÁKOSI rakosi, laczko 1 HUSSE 11 26/01/2013

2 1. STRUCTURE OF THE PRESENTATION 1. Overview The ParGram Project & XLE The HunGram Project Morphology Internal syntax External syntax Summary Acknowledgements Aims: discuss illustrative parallel Hungarian and English phenomena that are issues in the computational implementation of APs and AdvPs presentations 2

3 2.1 THE PARGRAM PROJECT & XLE The Parallel Grammar (ParGram) project Launched and organized by Palo Alto Research Center LFG-based computational platform for grammar development: XLE (Xerox Linguistic Environment) Capitalizes on LFG s flexible general linguistic and computationally implementable architecture Parser and generator Goal: to analyze more and more languages on a maximally uniform platform 3

4 2.2 THE PARGRAM PROJECT & XLE ParGram: a truly international project: English, German, French, Norwegian, Japanese, Chinese, Urdu (India), Malagasy (Madagascar), Arabic, Vietnamese, Spanish, Welsh, Indonesian, Turkish, Georgian, & Hungarian Further information: The XLE Web Interface: a web-based tool for parsing with LFG grammars using the XLE tool and viewing c-structures and f-structures for several languages 4

5 2.3 THE PARGRAM PROJECT & XLE 5

6 3.1 THE HUNGRAM PROJECT This research group was founded at the Department of English Linguistics at the University of Debrecen in July Its fundamental goal is to provide an appropriate and efficient formal setting for teaching and research activities based on Lexical- Functional Grammar, a non-transformational generative linguistic model. Its members are interested in both theoretical and (computational) implementational issues, concentrating on two languages in particular: English and Hungarian. Members: Tibor Laczkó (project leader) György Rákosi (researcher) Ágoston Tóth (researcher) Gábor Csernyi (PhD student) 6

7 3.2 THE HUNGRAM PROJECT We have developed a deep and a less deep (or shallower) grammar: HunGram 1.0 & HunGram 2.0. info: We used HunGram 2.0 to create corpus of 1.5 million words of automatically analyzed sentences from the Hungarian Webcorpus. url: Laczkó Tibor, Rákosi György, Tóth Ágoston & Csernyi Gábor Nyelvtanfejlesztés, implementálás és korpuszépítés: A HunGram 2.0 és a HG-1 Treebank legfontosabb jellemzői. In Tanács Attila & Vincze Veronika szerk. IX. Magyar Számítógépes Nyelvészeti Konferencia konferenciakötete. Szeged: JATEPress

8 3.3 THE HUNGRAM PROJECT 8

9 3.4 THE HUNGRAM PROJECT roughly: In the interviews that one can listen to here, the issue is going to be aesthetic plastic surgery. 9

10 3.5 THE HUNGRAM PROJECT Major components of the parser Tokenizer Morphological analyzer Lexicon Syntax Aims: some illustration from the AP-AdvP domain 10

11 4.1 MORPHOLOGY: ENGLISH Major issues in English (1) a. She walks fast. b. She is a fast walker. (2) a. She is cleverer. BNC: 74 b. She is more clever. BNC: 21 essentially a matter of syntactic resolution of lexical typing 11

12 4.2 MORPHOLOGY: ENGLISH 12

13 4.3 MORPHOLOGY: ENGLISH 13

14 4.4 MORPHOLOGY: HUNGARIAN Degree morphology (3) a. okos positive clever b. okos-abb comparative clever-comp c. leg-okos-abb superlative SUP-clever-COMP d. leges(-)leg-okos-abb superlative SUP(-SUP)-clever-COMP by far the cleverest 14

15 4.5 MORPHOLOGY: HUNGARIAN Fst-morphology output analyzing {okosabb} { { okos {"+Noun" "+NAdj"} ok "+Noun" "^DB" "+NAdj" "+Der_S"} "+Comp" "+Sg" "+Nom" okosabb "+Token"} analyzing {legokosabb} { { le {"+Token" "+Prefix" "+Adv"} gokosabb legokosabb} "+Token" leg "+Super+" { okos {"+Noun" "+NAdj"} ok "+Noun" "^DB" "+NAdj" "+Der_S"} "+Comp" "+Sg" "+Nom"} 15

16 4.6 MORPHOLOGY: HUNGARIAN Sublexical rules for A s in the grammar itself. (Adv s receive a similar treatment). A --> (A_LEG_SFX_BASE) (A_LEG_SFX_BASE) A_BASE: {( DEGREE)= positive} ( DEGREE); A_SFX_BASE*. Positive degree is treated as a sort of elsewhere specification. Plus the lexicon +Comp A_SFX XLE {( DEGREE) = comparative} ( DEGREE) ~( DEGREE)= positive. +Super+ A_LEG_SFX XLE ( DEGREE) = superlative. 16

17 5.1 INTERNAL SYNTAX: ENGLISH Informal A/Adv (degree) modifiers (4) a. dog tired N+A b. bone tired c. hara-kiri tired (5) a. pretty tired A + A b. dead tired 17

18 5.2 INTERNAL SYNTAX: ENGLISH 18

19 5.3 INTERNAL SYNTAX: ENGLISH 19

20 5.4 INTERNAL SYNTAX: HUNGARIAN Informal A/Adv (degree) modifiers (6) Kutya fáradt vagyok. dog tired am I am dog tired. (7) Jó fáradt vagyok. good tired am I am very tired. 20

21 5.5 INTERNAL SYNTAX: HUNGARIAN kutya N %stem); A %stem) (^ ATYPE)= adverbial. Kutya fáradt vagyok. dog tired am 21

22 5.6 INTERNAL SYNTAX: HUNGARIAN 22

23 5.7 INTERNAL SYNTAX: HUNGARIAN jó A %stem) {(^ ATYPE)= adverbial}. Jó fáradt vagyok. good tired am 23

24 5.8 INTERNAL SYNTAX: HUNGARIAN 24

25 6.1 EXTERNAL SYNTAX The syntactic relation between predicative APs and the copula (8) John was clever. (9) János okos volt. John clever was John was tired. 25

26 6.2 EXTERNAL SYNTAX: ENGLISH cf: John seems to be clever. 26

27 6.3 EXTERNAL SYNTAX: HUNGARIAN János okos volt. John clever was 27

28 7. SUMMARY Immediate aims in grammar development: o work on the grammar of APs/AdvPs and on the required lexicon within HunGram 2.0; o and do so in such a way that minimizes the level of ambiguities ( treebanking). General aims o go on with the linguistics-oriented implementation; o participate in parallel grammar and treebank development efforts within ParGram. 28

29 8. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS we gratefully acknowledge that this talk has been supported o o o by OTKA (Hungarian Scientific Research Fund), grant number: K 72983; by the TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/ project, which is co-financed by the European Union and the European Social Fund; and by the Research Group for Theoretical Linguistics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences at the University of Debrecen. 29

Background. Project Structure. Deep CALL grammars: The LFG-OT Experiment

Background. Project Structure. Deep CALL grammars: The LFG-OT Experiment Deep CALL grammars: The LFG-OT Experiment Rafiq Abdul Khader (Singapore) Tracy Holloway King (PARC) Miriam Butt (Konstanz) Background UMIST MSc Thesis Project: Evaluate the English ParGram grammar as a