DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST!!!! 1. Which climate conditions are typical of regions near the North Pole and the South Pole?

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1 Earth Science Unit 4 Test DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST!!!! DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST!!!! 1. Which climate conditions are typical of regions near the North Pole and the South Pole? A. low temperature and low precipitation 4. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the water cycle diagram shown below. Some arrows are numbered 1 through 4 and represent various processes. B. low temperature and high precipitation C. high temperature and low precipitation D. high temperature and high precipitation 2. Compared to land surface temperature changes, water surface temperature changes occur A. more slowly because water has a lower specific heat B. more slowly because water has a higher specific heat C. faster because water has a lower specific heat D. faster because water has a higher specific heat 3. Earth s hydrosphere is best described as the A. solid outer layer of Earth B. liquid outer layer of Earth C. magma layer located below Earth s stiffer mantle Which numbered arrow best represents the process of transpiration? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D The clouds have formed primarily because moist air A. rises, expands, and cools B. rises, expands, and warms C. sinks, compresses, and cools D. sinks, compresses, and warms D. gaseous layer extending several hundred kilometers from Earth into space page 1

2 6. The diagram below is a cross-sectional view of rain falling on a farm field and then moving to the water table. 8. The letters A through D in the cross section below represent four of the processes that are part of the water cycle. Which word best describes the movement of the rainwater through zone A? A. runoff B. saturation C. infiltration D. precipitation 7. Which process occurs when water vapor moves out of the leaves of a tree into the atmosphere? A. condensation B. infiltration C. runoff D. transpiration Which table correctly matches each letter with the process that it represents? A. Letter Process A B C D condensation precipitation transpiration evaporation B. Letter Process A B C D evaporation condensation precipitation transpiration C. Letter Process A transpiration B precipitation C evaporation D condensation D. Letter Process A condensation B precipitation C evaporation D transpiration DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST!!!! page 2 Earth Science Unit 4 Test

3 9. Most water vapor enters the atmosphere by the processes of A. convection and radiation B. condensation and precipitation C. evaporation and transpiration D. erosion and conduction 10. Which practice would most likely deplete a nonrenewable natural resource? A. harvesting trees on a tree farm B. burning coal to generate electricity in a power plant C. restricting water usage during a period of water shortage D. building a dam and a power plant to use water to generate electricity 11. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information and on your knowledge of biology. A decade after the Exxon Valdez oil tanker spilled millions of gallons of crude [oil] off Prince William Sound in Alaska, most of the fish and wildlife species that were injured have not fully recovered. Only two out of the 28 species, the river otter and the bald eagle, listed as being injured from the 1989 spill are considered to be recovered said a new report, which was released by a coalition of federal and Alaska agencies working to help restore the oil spill region. Eight species are considered to have made little or no progress toward recovery since the spill, including killer whales, harbor seals, and common loons [a type of bird]. Several other species, including sea otters and Pacific herring, have made significant progress toward recovery, but are still not at levels seen before the accident the report said. More than 10.8 million gallons of crude oil spilled into the water when the tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground 25 miles south of Valdez on March 24, The spill killed an estimated 250,000 seabirds, 2,800 sea otters, 300 harbor seals, 250 bald eagles, and up to 22 killer whales. Billions of salmon and herring eggs, as well as tidal plants and animals, were also smothered in oil. Reuters The oil spilled by the Exxon Valdez tanker is an example of a A. nonrenewable resource and is a source of energy B. renewable resource and is a source of ATP C. nonrenewable resource and synthesizes ATP D. renewable resource and is a fossil fuel DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST!!!! page 3 Earth Science Unit 4 Test

4 12. In order to reduce consumption of nonrenewable resources, humans could 16. Depletion of nonrenewable resources is often a result of A. burn coal to heat houses instead of using oil B. heat household water with solar radiation C. increase industrialization D. use a natural-gas grill to barbecue instead of using charcoal 13. One likely reason some experimental automobiles have been developed to use electricity rather than gasoline is that A. gasoline is made from petroleum, a nonrenewable resource B. Earth has an unlimited supply of fossil fuels C. the use of electricity will eliminate the need for all antipollution laws D. the use of electricity will increase the manufacture of antipollution devices for cars 14. One way that humans could have a positive impact on local environments is to A. generate waste products as a result of technological advances B. use resources that are renewable A. environmental laws B. human population growth C. reforestation D. recycling 17. Many scientists are worried about some of Earth s finite resources because humans are A. using carbon dioxide faster than it is being produced B. placing industrial wastes in landfills C. interfering with energy flow from consumers to producers D. using large amounts of some materials that cannot be renewed 18. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below, which shows a model of the water cycle. Letters A through F represent some processes of the water cycle. Letter X indicates the top of the underground zone that is saturated with water. The Water Cycle C. increase planting large areas of one crop D. increase the use of pesticides 15. Which human activity would preserve finite resources? A. deforestation B. removing carnivores from a forest C. recycling aluminum D. heating homes with fossil fuels The processes of transpiration and evaporation are represented by letters A. A and B B. B and E C. C and A D. D and E DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST!!!! page 4 Earth Science Unit 4 Test

5 19. The entire area drained by a river and its tributaries is called a A. delta B. watershed C. valley D. floodplain 22. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the model below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The model shows the movement of water in the water cycle. Arrow A represents a process within the water cycle. 20. The arrows in the diagram below represent processes in the water cycle. Which processes in the water cycle are identified by the numbered arrows? A. Process 1 is transpiration; process 2 is runoff. B. Process 1 is precipitation; process 2 is runoff. C. Process 1 is condensation; process 2 is infiltration. D. Process 1 is evaporation; process 2 is infiltration. 21. Base your responses to the following questions on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents portions of the water cycle. Letters A, B, and C represent processes in the water cycle. Arrows show the movement of water. A portion of the land surface shown was recently paved with asphalt and concrete. Describe the change in the amount of runoff and infiltration that will occur. 23. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the passage below and on your knowledge of biology. The rapidly growing biofuel industry converts resources such as corn plants, vegetable oils, and industrial wastes into products that can be used to power cars and trucks, and heat homes. The increased demand for fossil fuel has led to the construction of factories to produce biofuels. A proposal has been made to build a biofuel factory near Syracuse in New York State. State one disadvantage of the increased use of corn for biofuels. What is the main source of energy for the water cycle? DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST!!!! page 5 Earth Science Unit 4 Test

6 24. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents a portion of a stream and its surrounding bedrock. The arrows represent the movement of water molecules by the processes of the water cycle. The water table is indicated by a dashed line. Letter A represents a water cycle process occurring at a specific location. Letter d represents the distance between the water table and the land surface. 26. Currently, Americans rely heavily on the burning of fossil fuels as sources of energy. As a result of increased demand for energy sources, there is a continuing effort to find alternatives to burning fossil fuels. Discuss fossil fuels and alternative energy sources. In your answer be sure to: state one disadvantage of burning fossil fuels for energy identify one energy source that is an alternative to using fossil fuels state one advantage of using this alternative energy source state one disadvantage of using this alternative energy source Identify water cycle process A, which produces cloud droplets. 27. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the diagram below, which represents Earth s water cycle. The arrows represent some water cycle processes. Letter A indicates a surface location on Earth. 25. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the passage below and on your knowledge of biology. The rapidly growing biofuel industry converts resources such as corn plants, vegetable oils, and industrial wastes into products that can be used to power cars and trucks, and heat homes. The increased demand for fossil fuel has led to the construction of factories to produce biofuels. A proposal has been made to build a biofuel factory near Syracuse in New York State. State one advantage, other than decreased reliance on fossil fuels, of the increased production of biofuels in New York State. Other than evaporation, which water cycle process transfers large amounts of water vapor into the atmosphere from the forest? DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST!!!! page 6 Earth Science Unit 4 Test

7 28. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the model below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The model shows the movement of water in the water cycle. Arrow A represents a process within the water cycle. 30. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. Each year, a New York State power agency provides its customers with information about some of the fuel sources used in generating electricity. The table below applies to the period of Fuel Sources Used Identify one water cycle process represented by arrow A. Fuel Source Percentage of Electricity Generated hydro (water) 86 coal 5 nuclear 4 oil 1 solar 0 Using the information given, construct a bar graph, following the directions below. 29. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the cross section below, which shows the general pattern of water movement in the water cycle. Letter X represents a water-cycle process. What process of the water cycle is represented by X? Identify one fuel source in the table that is classified as a renewable resource. DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST!!!! page 7 Earth Science Unit 4 Test