Quick Vocabulary. Lesson 1. Lesson 2. cytoplasm liquid part of a cell inside the cell membrane

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2 Quick Vocabulary Lesson 1 autotroph organism that converts light energy into usable energy binomial nomenclature naming system that gives each living thing a two-word scientific name habitat specific environment where an organism lives heterotroph organism that obtains energy from other organisms key aid to identification Lesson 2 cytoplasm liquid part of a cell inside the cell membrane eukaryotic cell type of cell that has a nucleus and other membranebound organelles mitochondrion organelle that breaks down food and releases energy prokaryotic cell type of cell that has no nucleus or other membranebound organelles macromolecule substance in a cell that forms from joining many small molecules together taxon group of organisms unique without an equal, distinctive Life s Classification and Structure 3

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4 Lesson Outline LESSON 1 Classifying Living Things A. What are living things? 1. All have some characteristics in common. a. They are made of. b. They are into different structures. c. They and develop. d. They to their environment. e. They, or form new organisms. f. They use. 2. in cells are organized into different structures that help cells function. 3. The four types of macromolecules in cells are nucleic, lipids, proteins, and. 4. organisms are made up of only one cell. 5. Multicellular organisms have different types of cells that carry out specialized. 6. The different levels of organization in multicellular organisms are: cell,, organ, and organ system. 7. Living things grow, or increase in, during their lifetimes. 8. Adult organisms form new organisms by asexually or sexually. a. Bacteria and other organisms reproduce asexually when one cell divides and forms two new organisms. b. Sexual reproduction occurs when the cells of one or two parent organisms join and form a new organism. c. Humans and other multicellular organisms reproduce. 9. are organisms that convert light energy into usable energy. a. Many autotrophs use energy from light to convert carbon dioxide and into carbohydrates, or sugars. b. Organisms that grow on energy released by chemical reactions of inorganic substances such as sulfur and ammonia are called. 10 Life s Classification and Structure

5 Lesson Outline continued 10. Organisms that obtain energy from other organisms are called ; they eat autotrophs or other. 11. Organisms respond and adapt to changes in their external. B. What do living things need? 1. All living things need energy, food,, and a place to live. 2. An organism s is the specific environment where it lives. 3. provides organisms with energy, and is essential for survival. 4. The type of an organism eats depends on its habitat. C. How are living things classified? 1. Classifying living things makes it easier to organisms and to see how they are and different. 2. The naming system that gives each living thing a two-word scientific name is called and was created by. 3. is the branch of science that classifies living things. 4. A(n) is a group of organisms. 5. All living things on Earth are divided into three groups called. a. Domains are divided into and then phyla, classes,, families, genera, and. b. A(n) is made of all organisms that can mate with one another and produce that can reproduce. 6. Scientists today group organisms based on similarities such as how organisms reproduce, how they process they have., and the types of genes 7. A(n) is a tool used to identify an organism based on its characteristics. Life s Classification and Structure 11

6 Content Practice A LESSON 1 Classifying Living Things Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Some terms will be used more than once. autotroph(s) binomial nomenclature habitat heterotroph taxon 1. An organism that obtains energy from other organisms is called a(n). 2. An organism that converts light energy into usable energy is called a(n). 3. A group of organisms is called a(n). 4. A(n) is a specific environment where an organism lives. 5. is a naming system that gives each living thing a two-word scientific name. 6. was created more than 300 years ago by scientist Carolus Linnaeus. 7. Most organisms are adapted to live in a specific. 8. A(n) uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates, or sugars. Life s Classification and Structure 13

7 Content Practice B LESSON 1 Classifying Living Things Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement in the space provided. Question Answer 1. List the six characteristics that all living things have in common. 2. What is a unicellular organism? 3. Describe the levels of organization in multicellular organisms. 4. In addition to energy, what two other things does a living thing need to survive? 5. What is the scientific name for humans? 6. List two characteristics that can be used to classify an organism. 7. Define species. 8. What is a dichotomous key? 14 Life s Classification and Structure

8 Language Arts Support LESSON 1 Mechanics Activity: Using Hyphens, Dashes, and Parentheses Hyphens, dashes, and parentheses function differently in a sentence. You can use a hyphen (-) in numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine: There are sixty-seven species of toothed whales. Hyphens are used in a compound modifier if it precedes the word it modifies: Binomial nomenclature gives a two-part name to each species. A d ash ( ) shows a break or change in thought: The squirrel quite a raggedy little fellow approached the picnic table. Parentheses ( ) set off important material that is not part of the main statement: Heterotrophs (animals and fungi) eat autotrophs or other heterotrophs to obtain energy. Directions: Rewrite each sentence to include hyphens, dashes, and parentheses as needed. Write C on the line if the sentence is correct. 1. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles. 2. There are twenty five species in the Tamias genus. 3. All living things even plants respond to stimuli. 4. Scientists divide all living things on Earth into three groups called domains. 5. Insects are easy to identify because of their three part bodies. 6. A taxon the plural is taxa is a group of organisms. Life s Classification and Structure 15

9 Language Arts Support LESSON 1 Word-Usage Activity: Appositives An appositive is a noun added to another noun to give additional information: A scientist, Linnaeus, created the system of binomial nomenclature. An appositive phrase is a phrase, usually set off with commas, that adds information to a noun: Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish scientist, is considered to be the founder of the field of taxonomy. Directions: Underline each appositive or appositive phrase in the sentences below. 1. Some autotrophs, chemoautotrophs, use inorganic chemical reactions to make food. 2. Stephen Jay Gould, a paleontologist, spent time exploring taxonomy in the fossil record. 3. The maidenhair spleenwort, a rare fern, was recently rediscovered in New Zealand. 4. The largest taxonomic group, Kingdom Animalia, includes roughly 2 million species of animals. 5. Water, an essential compound, is necessary for animals to survive. 6. Domestic dogs belong to a genus, Canis, which includes wolves, coyotes, and jackals. 16 Life s Classification and Structure

10 Math Skills LESSON 1 Use Ratios A ratio is a comparison of two numbers. Ratios can be written in three equivalent ways: using the word to, using a colon, or using a fraction. For example, you can write the ratio of X to Y in any of these ways: X to Y X:Y Ratios should be written in simplest terms just as you would simplify a fraction. Be sure to read each question carefully so you write the numbers in the correct order. Of about 6,400 species of amphibians, about 5,700 species are frogs. What is the ratio of frog species to amphibian species? X Y Step 1 The question asks for the ratio of frog species to amphibian species. Write the two numbers as a ratio in any of these three ways: 5,700 5,700 to 6,400 5,700:6,400 6,400 Step 2 If possible, simplify the ratio. In this problem, you can divide each number by to 64 57:64 64 Practice 1. Of the 7 worldwide species of marine turtles, 6 species live in waters around the United States. What is the ratio of marine turtle species in U.S. waters to worldwide marine turtle species? 2. Of the 78 species of cetaceans, an order that includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises, 11 are baleen whales. What is the ratio of cetacean species to baleen whale species? 3. Of about 40 species of dolphins, 4 species live in freshwater. What is the ratio of freshwater dolphin species to all dolphin species? 4. Biologists have described about 91,000 insect species that live in the United States. Biologists estimate that another 73,000 species have not yet been described. What is the ratio of not described to described insect species in the United States? Write the ratio in all three ways. 5. Of the 91,000 described species of insects in the United States, 23,700 are beetles. What is the ratio of insect species to beetle species? Write the ratio in all three ways. Life s Classification and Structure 17

11 Key Concept Builder LESSON 1 Classifying Living Things Key Concept What are living things? Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word(s) to make it true. Write your changes on the lines provided. 1. In all cells, macromolecules are organized into different structures that help cells function. 2. When a a unicellular organism grows, the number of its cells increases. 3. All living things need energy to survive. 4. Some organisms are able to convert chemical energy to light energy that is used for many cellular processes. 5. Many organisms use mitochondria to detect the environment, process information, and coordinate a response. 6. Multicellular organisms reproduce asexually when one cell divides and forms two new organisms. 7. Some multicellular organisms can reproduce asexually without a mate and produce offspring. 8. Unicellular organisms have everything needed to obtain and use energy, reproduce, and grow inside one cell. Life s Classification and Structure 19

12 Key Concept Builder LESSON 1 Classifying Living Things Key Concept What do living things need? Directions: On the line before each statement, write the letter of the phrase that matches it correctly. Each phrase is used only once. 1. Some bacteria live. 2. Food is. 3. A land iguana living in a warm, tropical environment. 4. The type of food that an organism eats. 5. Organisms live in environments. 6. Most organisms can adapt A. to only a few habitats B. on body surfaces C. essential for survival D. specific to their needs E. depends on the habitat in which it lives F. would not survive in a cold place G. processed to obtain energy. 7. Water is. 20 Life s Classification and Structure

13 Key Concept Builder LESSON 1 Classifying Living Things Key Concept How are living things classified? Directions: Use the table to answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided. Table 1 Classification of the Eastern Chipmunk Eastern chipmunk Taxonomic Group Number of Species Examples Domain Eukarya about 4 10 million Kingdom Animalia about 2 million Phylum Chordata about 50,000 Class Mammalia about 5,000 Order Rodentia about 2,300 Family Sciuridae 299 Genus Tamias 25 Species Tamias striatus 1. How many species are in the same domain as the Eastern chipmunk? 1 2. Explain why the number of species decreases from the top to the bottom of the chart. 3. What is the most specific taxonomic group to which the Eastern chipmunk belongs? Explain. Life s Classification and Structure 21

14 Key Concept Builder LESSON 1 Classifying Living Things Key Concept How are living things classified? Directions: On the line before each statement, write the letter of the correct answer. 1. Scientists use classification to group organisms that have similar. A. cells B. traits C. shapes 2. All scientific names in the binomial nomenclature system are in. A. Latin B. English C. Spanish 3. The branch of science that classifies living things is called. A. taxon B. taxonomy C. binomial nomenclature 4. Domains are divided into and then phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. A. traits B. taxon C. kingdoms 5. A species is made of all organisms that can with one another and produce offspring that can reproduce. A. eat B. live C. mate 6. The first word in the binomial name is the organism s genus. The second word might describe. A. three or four characteristics of the organism B. a distinguishing characteristic of the organism C. a characteristic that the organism shares with other organisms 22 Life s Classification and Structure

15 Lesson Quiz A LESSON 1 Classifying Living Things Multiple Choice Directions: On the line before each question or statement, write the letter of the correct answer. Matching 1. To be considered living, an organism must be made up of A. cells. B. atoms. C. chemicals. 2. Which type of organism does NOT make its own food? A. autotroph B. heterotroph C. chemoautotroph 3. An organism that has food and a place to live also needs A. soil. B. water. C. shade. Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term is used only once. 4. a living organism responds to this in the environment 5. consist of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids 6. a specific environment where an organism lives 7. uses questions that have two answer choices to identify living things 8. system that assigns a two-word Latin name to each living thing A. binomial nomenclature B. dichotomous key C. habitat D. macromolecules E. stimulus Life s Classification and Structure 25

16 Lesson Quiz B LESSON 1 Classifying Living Things Short Answer Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided. 1. List the six characteristics that all living things have in common. 2. Explain why all organisms, not just autotrophs, are dependent on light energy. 3. Describe how an organism s food and habitat are related. Matching Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Not all terms are used. 4. a living organism responds to this in the environment 5. made up of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids 6. a specific environment where an organism lives 7. uses questions that have two answer choices to identify living things 8. system that assigns a two-word name to each living thing A. autotroph B. binomial nomenclature C. dichotomous key D. genus E. habitat F. heterotroph G. macromolecules H. stimulus I. taxon 26 Life s Classification and Structure

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18 Lesson Outline LESSON 2 Cells A. What are cells? 1. All living things have, which are the basic unit of an organism. 2. Most cells are so small that a(n) needs to be used to see them. 3. Cells have many different shapes and. B. What are cells made of? 1. All cells are made of four types of nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and. 2. The is an outer structure that surrounds all cells. 3. About 70 percent of the material inside a cell is. C. Types of Cells 1. cells are cells that do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. 2. Structures in cells that carry out specific functions are called. 3. Cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles are called cells. a. include most multicellular organisms as well as some unicellular organisms. b. In eukaryotes, most of the organelles, including the nucleus, are surrounded by. D. The Outside of a Cell 1. The cell membrane is made of lipids and. a. Lipids in the cell membrane protect the of a cell from the environment outside the cell. b. in the cell membrane transport substances between a cell s environment and the inside of the cell and with other cells. 2. A strong, rigid layer outside the cell membrane of some cells is called the. 30 Life s Classification and Structure

19 Lesson Outline continued E. The Inside of a Cell 1. The is the liquid part of a cell inside the cell membrane. 2. The information that controls all cell activities is stored in DNA, which is the cell s material. a. DNA is a type of macromolecule called a(n). b. The function of RNA is to give cells instructions about which need to be made. c. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is stored in an organelle called the. 3. In prokaryotes, proteins in the process energy. 4. Eukaryotes have organelles, called, which break down food and release energy. 5. Adenosine triphosphate, or, is a molecule that stores for later use in carrying out cell functions. 6. Plants and many other autotrophs have energy-processing organelles called as well as mitochondria. a. Chloroplasts capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy in a process called. b. Photosynthesis produces ATP and also such as glucose that are used to store energy. 7. Proteins are made on the surface of, which are found in the of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 8. The ribosomes in eukaryotic cells are attached to an organelle called the. 9. After proteins are made, an organelle called the packages them into tiny organelles called vesicles. 10. Water and other molecules are stored in organelles called. Life s Classification and Structure 31

20 Content Practice A LESSON 2 Cells Directions: Unscramble the word bank terms. On each line, write the unscrambled term that correctly completes each sentence. Some terms will be used more than once. ckaryprooti lcesl kayroticeu sllce cpytolmas driaochonmit 1. The liquid part of a cell inside the cell membrane is called the. 2. do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. 3. are organelles that break down food and release energy. 4. Most eukaryotes contain hundreds of. 5. Most are unicellular organisms, such as bacteria. 6. contains water, macromolecules, and other substances. 7. have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. 8. Organisms that have are called prokaryotes. Life s Classification and Structure 33

21 Content Practice B LESSON 2 Cells Directions: Circle the term in parentheses that correctly completes each sentence. 1. A (cell/nerve) is the basic unit of an organism. 2. Cells contain four types of (macromolecules/structures) nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. 3. (Carbohydrates/Organelles) are structures in cells that carry out specific functions. 4. The (macromolecule/cell membrane) helps keep the inside of a cell separate from the outside of a cell. 5. Some cells also are surrounded by a more rigid layer called a cell (wall/environment). 6. Cell walls provide (water/structure) and help protect the cell from the outside environment. 7. (Water/Cell membranes) give(s) cells their shape and help(s) keep their internal structures organized. 8. (Carbohydrates/Proteins) in the cytoplasm provide structure and help organelles and other substances move around. 34 Life s Classification and Structure

22 Key Concept Builder LESSON 2 Cells Key Concept What is a cell made of? Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided. 1. Describe the appearance of cells. Give two examples. 2. What are prokaryotes? Give one example. 3. Give one characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells. 4. What does ATP stand for, and what are its functions? 5. What are chloroplasts? 6. Where are cell proteins made? 36 Life s Classification and Structure

23 Key Concept Builder LESSON 2 Cells Key Concept What is a cell made of? Directions: Label this diagram by writing the correct term from the word bank on each line. Each term is used only once. cell membrane genetic material Golgi apparatus mitochondrion nucleus ribosome vesicle Eukaryotic Cell Directions: Complete the chart with the correct terms from the word bank in the space provided. Some terms may be used more than once. cell membrane cell wall cytoplasm DNA lipids organelles nucleus proteins RNA water Inside of Cell Outside of Cell Life s Classification and Structure 37

24 Key Concept Builder LESSON 2 Cells Key Concept How do the parts of a cell enable it to survive? Directions: Circle the term in parentheses that correctly completes each sentence. 1. (Carbohydrates/Proteins) in the cytoplasm process energy in (prokaryotes/eurokaryotes). 2. (Eurokaryotes/Prokaryotes) have special organelles called the (chloroplasts and mitochondria/dna and RNA). 3. (Chloroplasts/Mitochondria) are organelles that break down food and release energy. 4. ATP molecules are produced (before/during) photosynthesis. 5. Photosynthesis produces carbohydrates such as glucose that are used to (store/ create) energy. 6. In eukaryotic cells, the ribosomes are attached to an organelle called the (cytoplasm/ endoplasmic reticulum). 7. Proteins can be processed and can move (inside/outside) the cell through the endoplasmic reticulum. 8. An organelle called the Golgi apparatus packages proteins into tiny organelles called (vesicles/vacuoles). 38 Life s Classification and Structure

25 Key Concept Builder LESSON 2 Cells Key Concept How do the parts of a cell enable it to survive? Directions: With a partner, write and answer a question about each topic. 1. vacuoles Question: Answer: 2. cell storage Question: Answer: 3. protein production Question: Answer: 4. chloroplasts Question: Answer: 5. mitochondria Question: Answer: 6. cell energy Question: Answer: 7. controlling cell activities Question: Answer: 8. cytoplasm Question: Answer: Life s Classification and Structure 39

26 Lesson Quiz A LESSON 2 Cells True or False Directions: On the line before each statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word to make it true. Write your changes on the lines provided. 1. Most organisms have only one cell. 2. All eukaryotic cells are surrounded by an outer structure called a cell wall. 3. The genetic material that controls a prokaryotic cell s activities is stored in its nucleus. 4. The vacuole of a cell is used for storage. Matching Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term is used only once. 5. contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles 6. made up of water, macromolecules, and other substances 7. does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles 8. releases energy the cell uses 9. site of protein production A. ribosome B. cytoplasm C. eukaryotic cell D. mitochondrion E. prokaryotic cell 42 Life s Classification and Structure

27 Lesson Quiz B LESSON 2 Cells Short Answer Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided. 1. Compare and contrast the genetic material of a prokaryotic cell with a eukaryotic cell. 2. Explain how proteins are produced in a eukaryotic cell. 3. Differentiate between a cell wall and a cell membrane. Matching Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Not all terms are used. 4. contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles 5. made up of water, macromolecules, and other substances 6. does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles 7. releases energy for use by the cell in the form of ATP 8. site of protein production A. chloroplast B. cytoplasm C. eukaryotic cell D. mitochondrion E. ribosome F. photosynthesis G. prokaryotic cell Life s Classification and Structure 43

28 Lesson Outline for Teaching Lesson 1: Classifying Living Things A. What are living things? 1. All living things have some characteristics in common. a. They are made of cells. b. They are organized into different structures. c. They grow and develop. d. They respond to their environment. e. They reproduce, or form new organisms. f. They use energy. 2. Macromolecules in cells are organized into different structures that help cells function. 3. The four types of macromolecules in cells are nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. 4. Unicellular organisms are made up of only one cell. 5. Multicellular organisms have different types of cells that carry out specialized functions. 6. The different levels of organization in multicellular organisms are: cell, tissue, organ, and organ system. 7. Living things grow, or increase in size, during their lifetimes. 8. Adult organisms form new organisms by reproducing asexually or sexually. a. Bacteria and other unicellular organisms reproduce asexually when one cell divides and forms two new organisms. b. Sexual reproduction occurs when the reproductive cells of one or two parent organisms join and form a new organism. c. Humans and other multicellular organisms reproduce sexually. 9. Autotrophs are organisms that convert light energy into usable energy. a. Many autotrophs use energy from light to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates, or sugars. b. Organisms that grow on energy released by chemical reactions of inorganic substances such as sulfur and ammonia are called chemoautotrophs. 10. Organisms that obtain energy from other organisms are called heterotrophs; they eat autotrophs or other heterotrophs. 11. Organisms respond and adapt to changes in their external environments. T2 Life s Classification and Structure Lesson Outline continued B. What do living things need? 1. All living things need energy, food, water, and a place to live. 2. An organism s habitat is the specific environment where it lives. 3. Food provides organisms with energy, and water is essential for survival. 4. The type of food an organism eats depends its habitat. C. How are living things classified? 1. Classifying living things makes it easier to organize organisms and to see how they are similar and different. 2. The naming system that gives each living thing a two-word scientific name is called binomial nomenclature and was created by Carolus Linneaus. 3. Taxonomy is the branch of science that classifies living things. 4. A(n) taxon is a group of organisms. 5. All living things on Earth are divided into three groups called domains. a. Domains are divided into kingdoms and then phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. b. A(n) species is made of all organisms that can mate with one another and produce offspring that can reproduce. 6. Scientists today group organisms based on similarities such as how organisms reproduce, how they process energy, and the types of genes they have. 7. A(n) dichotomous key is a tool used to identify an organism based on its characteristics. Discussion Question What are the functions of the four main macromolecules found in cells? Nucleic acids, such as DNA, store information. Lipids are the main component of cell membranes and provide structure. Some proteins also provide structure; others are enzymes. Carbohydrates are used for energy. Life s Classification and Structure T3

29 Lesson Outline for Teaching Lesson 2: Cells A. What are cells? 1. All living things have cells, which are the basic unit of an organism. 2. Most cells are so small that a(n) microscope needs to be used to see them. 3. Cells have many different shapes and sizes. B. What are cells made of? 1. All cells are made of four types of macromolecules nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. 2. The cell membrane is an outer structure that surrounds all cells. 3. About 70 percent of the material inside a cell is water. C. Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic cells are cells that do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. 2. Structures in cells that carry out specific functions are called organelles. 3. Cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles are called eukaryotic cells. a. Eukaryotes include most multicellular organisms as well as some unicellular organisms. b. In eukaryotes, most of the organelles, including the nucleus, are surrounded by membranes. D. The Outside of a Cell 1. The cell membrane is made of lipids and proteins. a. Lipids in the cell membrane protect the inside of a cell from the environment outside the cell. b. Proteins in the cell membrane transport substances between a cell s environment and the inside of the cell and communicate with other cells. 2. A strong, rigid layer outside the cell membrane of some cells is called the cell wall. E. The Inside of a Cell 1. The cytoplasm is the liquid part of a cell inside the cell membrane. 2. The information that controls all cell activities is stored in DNA, which is the cell s genetic material. a. DNA is a type of macromolecule called a(n) nucleic acid. b. The function of RNA is to give cells instructions about which proteins need to be made. T4 Life s Classification and Structure Lesson Outline continued c. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is stored in an organelle called the nucleus. 3. In prokaryotes, proteins in the cytoplasm process energy. 4. Eukaryotes have organelles, called mitochondria, which break down food and release energy. 5. Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is a molecule that stores energy for later use in carrying out cell functions. 6. Plants and many other autotrophs have energy-processing organelles called chloroplasts as well as mitochondria. a. Chloroplasts capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis. b. Photosynthesis produces ATP and also carbohydrates such as glucose that are used to store energy. 7. Proteins are made on the surface of ribosomes, which are found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 8. The ribosomes in eukaryotic cells are attached to an organelle called the endoplasmic reticulum. 9. After proteins are made, an organelle called the Golgi apparatus packages them into tiny organelles called vesicles. 10. Water and other molecules are stored in organelles called vacuoles. Discussion Question What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells contain many structures that are not in a prokaryotic cell. Life s Classification and Structure T5

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