Air quality action plan and related research projects. Hiukkasfoorumi Helsinki

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1 Air quality action plan and related research projects Hiukkasfoorumi Helsinki

2 Helsinki City Environment Centre Established in 1991 Local authority in the City of Helsinki Promotes health and safety of the living environment Personnel Environmental Inspectors - Health inspectors - Veterinarians - Researchers - Administration Picture: Pertti Nisonen

3 Air Quality By international comparison, the air in Helsinki is relatively clean Road traffic causes exceedances of the EU limit values for - respirable particles (PM10) - nitrogen dioxide (NO2) Occasionally also increased concentrations of fine particles (PM2,5) from long-range transportation, traffic and smallscale wood combustion Cold climate: - need for winter sanding of roads and streets and studded tyres in use in wintertime - inversion phenomenon in winter

4 Air quality monitoring sites in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area

5 Air quality action plans o Air quality plans have been in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area (Helsinki, Espoo, Kauniainen and Vantaa) o Prepared because of exceedances of EU limit values (NO2 and PM10) o NO2 annual limit value should have been reached by ,is still exceeded in busy street canyons (ca 8 km) in the city centre > Time extension has been given until 2015

6 Areas where exceedances of limit values are expected to occur

7 mikrog/m3 NO2 annual concentrations in Helsinki (source HSY) 60 Töölö 50 Mannerheimintie 40 EU:n raja-arvo Vallila Kallio 30 Töölöntulli (siirrettävä) 20 Hämeentie (siirrettävä) Runeberginkatu (siirrettävä) 10 Mäkelänkatu (siirrettävä)

8 Raja-arvostason ylittävät päivät (kpl/a) Exceedances of PM10 limit value in Helsinki (source HSY) EU:n raja-arvo Töölö (2004 saakka) EU:n raja-arvo Mannerheimintie (2005 alkaen) Vallila Runeberginkatu (siirrettävä) Kallio Kamppi Unioninkatu (siirrettävä) Töölöntulli (siirrettävä) Hämeentie (siirrettävä) Mäkelänkatu (siirrettävä) Kehä I 10 0

9 Two types of AQ plans o Air Quality Action Plans Long-term measures to improve air quality in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, Kauniainen, HSY and HSL Short-term action plan for the Helsinki Metropolitan Area (coordinated by HSY) Short-term measures to combat situations when the air quality deteriorates suddenly

10 Contents of the AQ Plan o 43 measures divided into seven categories: General Land use and traffic planning Street dust Energy production (regulated by env. permits) Fine particles Research Communication and education o The focus is on measures related to transport, as deterioration of AQ is mainly due to traffic

11 o o Environmental zone in Helsinki is one measure designed to improve air quality in the city centre Helsinki Regional Transport Authority HSL and Helsinki Region Environmental Authority HSY apply stricter criteria in competitive tendering of buses and waste trasnport vans in the environmental zone Currently the minimum requirement for buses in the environmental zone is Euro 3 and for waste trucks Euro 5

12 Some R & D projects related to Helsinki AQ Plan Air quality in road tunnels (Helsinki City Environment Centre Publications 3/2010) Street dust emission and prevention project (KAPU) Helsinki City Environment Centre Publications 3/2010 Composition and sources of particles in Mannerheimintie during exceedance days of the PM10 limit value in 2009 HSY Publications 5/2011 PM10 Redust Life + Project NASTA: Effects of decreasing the use of studded tyres in Helsinki

13 REDUST Life + project Aim of the project: Find best winter maintenance practices (in the fields of traction control, dust suppressing and street cleaning) and accelerate their implementation to reduce levels of respirable (PM10) street dust in urban areas. The project will demonstrate the emission reduction potential and air quality benefits of the best practices. Associated costs will be estimated and compared with the current state. Develop and implement a strategy to reduce levels of respirable (PM10) street dust by means of better winter maintenance practices in urban areas in Finland. Participants: City of Helsinki (co-ordinating beneficiary) Cities of Espoo and Vantaa HSY Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority Metropolia Nordic Envicon Oy Budget : 1 million euros (50 % Life + funding)

14 Redust work packages WP1 Demonstrating and finding the best practices to mitigate PM10 road dust WP1.1 Winter time practices Traction sanding, salting, snow removal, studded tyres WP1.2 Dust binding practices CaCl2, different solution concentrations, treating only the road side or the whole street surface WP1.3 Street cleaning practices Mechanical sweepers, vacuum sweepers, street scrubbers) WP1.4 Emission factor development and mitigation potential of the practices The results from the test road will be used to estimate emission factors for the use of WP2.2 WP2 Development of an optimized strategy to mitigate urban PM10 road dust the whole life cycle of winter maintenance; including costs and benefits of the mitigation practices WP3 Dissemination of results

15 Reduction by street cleaning Two major cleaning machine types are currently used in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area The cleaning efficiency of modern street scrubber (Street scrubber with captive hydrology = PIMU method) is estimated to be much better than that of traditional vacuum sweeper (tables below) The cleaning power of modern street scrubber is especially high when there is much dust on streets (described with PM10 dust emission level behind the left rear tyre of the Sniffer mobile laboratory van see REDUST Deliverable 2011 Action1&2) Effect of street cleaning on dust reduction was estimated to gradually end during one week after cleaning Reduction by modern street scrubber (PIMU): Street dust level before cleaning (Sniffer, μg/m 3 ) Day 1* Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 over % -30 % -20 % -16 % -12 % -8 % -4 % 0 % % -26 % -18 % -14 % -11 % -7 % -4 % 0 % % -23 % -15 % -12 % -9 % -6 % -3 % 0 % % -19 % -13 % -10 % -8 % -5 % -3 % 0 % % -15 % -10 % -8 % -6 % -4 % -2 % 0 % % -11 % -8 % -6 % -5 % -3 % -2 % 0 % below % -8 % -5 % -4 % -3 % -2 % -1 % 0 % Reduction by traditional vacuum sweeper: Day 1* Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 Same for all dust levels -10 % -8 % -5 % -4 % -3 % -2 % -1 % 0 % * Treatment day PIMU street scrubber with captive hydrology Traditional vacuum sweeper 15

16 Reduction by dust binding In the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, dust binding solution (CaCl 2 ) is usually dispersed with special smart spreader systems (images below) to kerbsides and between the lanes (not to the center areas of lanes) The reduction of PM10 dust resuspension was estimated to be as follows (REDUST Deliverable 2011 Action1&2): Dust binding area Day 1* Day 2 Day 3 Kerbside & center 40 % 20 % 0 % * Treatment day 16

17 Further information Air Quality Action Plans of HSY, Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa and Kauniainen: o /ilmansuojeluohjelma/sivut/default.aspx Short-term plan for sudden deterioration of air quality in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area arautumissuunnitelma/sivut/default.aspx REDUST LIFE + project website: