2. You are given an Actions sheet to fill in as you travel around the rock cycle
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1 The Rock Cycle game 1. You start the game at any one of the 6 action stations. 2. You are given an Actions sheet to fill in as you travel around the rock cycle 3. Each action station has an actions instruction sheet and a pack of playing cards. 4. Choose a card randomly from the pack. 5. Find the instruction corresponding to the card. 6. Follow these actions and write the actions and the time score for the action on your sheet. Note 'Ma' is standard notion for 'million years' in many geology publications. For each process use one of the following phrases Weathering and erosion Transport and deposition Compaction and lithification Heat and pressure Melting and cooling Tectonism / uplift 7. Continue around the rock cycle until you either travel through each action station at least once or until you are told to stop. 8. When you finish add up your time scores to find out how long you have been travelling the rock cycle.
2 My Actions Station Process and Action Time Example: Sedimentary rocks Pressure and heat Go to Metamorphic rocks 99 Ma Total time score:
3 Additional tasks and questions From your rock cycle travels answer the following: 1. What rock type does mantle material always produce? 2. What rock type does weathering and erosion always lead to? 3. What rock type does melting and cooling always produce? 4. What rock type does heat and pressure (but no melting) always create? 5. Which rock types can be changed in Metamorphic rocks and by what process? 6. Which rock types can be changed into Igneous rocks and by what process? 7. Which rock types can be changed into Sedimentary rocks and by what processes? 8. Using your information about the rock cycle you can now complete the rock cycle diagram you have been supplied with. 9. Your action station pages contained some geological words and phrases you may not be very familiar with. Make a list of these words and research a definition or explanation for each. Some suggestions are: basalt lava cement collision zone craton gabbro graben Horst humic acid kimberlite magma mantle mantle convection mantle plume pillow basalt rift sea-floor spreading subducting slab subduction zone tectonics thrust fault turbidite 10. What was your total time score? Based on this result and the fact that the Earth is about 4500 Ma old write a brief description of the rock cycle. Note its key components and processes taking the time it takes to 'cycle' into account. Would you describe it as a simple cycle? If not, how would you describe it? 11. Expand and improve the Rock Cycle game by creating more action station instructions to cover the difference between Intrusive and Extrusive Igneous rocks etc.
4 Igneous Rocks Action Station Diamonds 2-10 Ace of Diamonds subduction zone by tectonic activity. About 800km down your rock melts and forms a magma that intrudes into the overlying slab. Local tectonic activity faults your rock and uplifts your part of the rock to form a fault scarp that diverts a major river channel. All royal Diamonds subduction zone by tectonic activity. Your rock is peeled off the subducting slab and is subjected to intense pressure and heat as it is folded and faulted against the adjacent slab. Hearts 2-10 Ace of Hearts All royal Hearts Spade 1-10 All royal Spades Clubs 1-10 You are uplifted by tectonic activity and become part of a mountain range. You are intruded by a massive magma mass and heated until your minerals almost melt. You become part of a tectonic rift that down faults and forms a deep basin and you are further buried by glacial sediments and cold water limestones. subduction zone by tectonic activity. Your rock is peeled off the subducting slab and is subjected to moderate pressures and moderate heat as it is folded and faulted against the adjacent slab. You are now part of a rock sequence that has been locked away inside a trailing edge of a continental slab well away from major tectonic activity. Nothing happens to your rock for a long time. STAY where you are and take a new card You are on a section of rock that has been part of a tectonic collision zone between two continental slabs. Your rock has been folded and faulted as it formed part of a massive mountain range. subduction zone by tectonic activity. Your rock is part of the fast moving subducting slab that continues on into and becomes part of the mantle. GO TO Mantle 31 Ma 8 Ma 51 Ma 44 Ma 5 Ma 70 Ma 99 Ma 992 Ma 65 Ma 123 Ma
5 Sedimentary Rocks Action Station Diamonds 2-10 Ace of Diamonds You are uplifted by tectonic activity and become part of a mountain range. You are intruded by a granitic magma and heated until your minerals begin to change. All royal Diamonds You become part of a tectonic rift that down faults and forms a deep basin and you are further buried by sediments and volcanics. Hearts 2-10 Ace of Hearts All royal Hearts Spade 1-10 All royal Spades Clubs 1-10 subduction zone by tectonic activity. About 800km down your rock melts and forms a magma that intrudes into the overlying slab. Local tectonic activity faults your rock and uplifts your part of the rock to form the flanks of a Horst and Graben valley. You are on a section of rock that has been taken into a subduction zone by tectonic activity. Your rock is peeled off the subducting slab and is subjected to intense pressure and heat as it is folded and faulted against the adjacent slab. subduction zone by tectonic activity. Your rock is peeled off the subducting slab and is subjected to moderate pressures and moderate heat as it is folded and faulted against the adjacent slab. subduction zone by tectonic activity. Your rock is part of the subducting slab that continues on into and becomes part of the mantle. GO TO Mantle You are on a section of rock that has been part of a tectonic collision zone between two continental slabs. Your rock has been folded and faulted as it forms part of a massive mountain range. You are now part of a rock sequence that has been locked away inside a stable craton well away from major tectonic activity. Nothing happens to your rock for a long time. STAY where you are and take a new card 33 Ma 11 Ma 51 Ma 37 Ma 3 Ma 62 Ma 99 Ma 100 Ma 65 Ma 1100 Ma
6 Metamorphic Rocks Action Station Diamonds 2-10 Ace of Diamonds You are on a section of rock that has been taken into a subduction zone by tectonic activity. Your rock is peeled off the subducting slab and is subjected to heat and pressures that alter the mineral assemblages You are intruded by a massive magma mass and heated until your minerals almost melt. All royal Diamonds You are on a section of rock that has been taken into a subduction zone by tectonic activity. Your rock is subjected to intense pressure and heat and eventually melts to form a massive amount of magma that intrudes the crustal rocks above the subducting slab. Hearts 2-10 Ace of Hearts All royal Hearts Spades 1-10 All royal Spades Clubs 2-10 Ace of Clubs You are on a section of rock that has been taken into a subduction zone by tectonic activity. Your rock slowly continues on into and becomes part of the mantle. GO TO Mantle Your rock slowly cools and has some pressure reduced. Minerals that formed under higher pressures and temperatures undergo more changes to form minerals stable at the lower pressures and temperatures. You become part of a tectonic rift that opens a deep basin as two new continents are ripped part. Sediments fill this basin and you remain buried under even more pressure. You are on a section of rock that has been taken into a subduction zone by tectonic activity. Some of the minerals in the rock melt you are one of them. This partial melt is a magma that eventually erupts in a volcanic explosion on the overlying slab. Your rock formed the central parts of a vast mountain chain that has taken a very long time to wear down. You remain unchanged for almost as long. STAY where you are and take a new card You are uplifted by tectonic activity and become part of a mountain range. Major tectonic activity faults your rock and thrusts your part of the rock to form a major fault scarp. Your rock has been folded and faulted as it is thrust up and over another slab to form a major mountain belt. GO TO Weathering and erosions 25 Ma 7 Ma 51 Ma 300 Ma 221 Ma 216 Ma 111 Ma 992 Ma 66 Ma 9 Ma 143 Ma
7 Sediments Action Station Diamonds 1-10 You are deeply buried by more sediments and begin to compact. Your grains are packed together and you grow new minerals that cement the sedimentary minerals together. GO TO Sedimentary rocks All royal Diamonds You are shallow buried by a few more more sediments and begin to compact. Your grains are packed together more but you are still unconsolidated. Hearts 1-10 All royal Hearts Spades 2-10 TAKE another card if weathering and erosion deposited you in the sea. Ace of Spades TAKE another card if weathering and erosion deposited you in the sea. All royal Spades TAKE another card if weathering and erosion deposited you on land. Clubs 1-10 TAKE another card if weathering and erosion deposited you on land. You are deeply buried by more sediments and begin to compact. Your grains are packed together and stick together forming a solid rock. GO TO Sedimentary rocks You are buried by more sediments and begin to compact. Organic materials in surrounding rocks start to turn to oil and gas and fill your pore spaces. Your grains stick to each other and you become a solid rock. GO TO Sedimentary rocks If on land you are shallow buried by a few more sediments and begin to compact. Your grains are packed together more but you are still unconsolidated. Local weather events reinvigorate rivers and you begin to erode away and are relocated to another position in the landscape. STAY at this station and take another card If on land, you are covered by a basalt lava flow that changes the way the landscape evolves and you are no longer in a position to be buried by more sediments. You can only be relocated to another position once the basalt weathers and erodes to expose you to further erosion. If in the sea, you form a deposit on the edge of a continental shelf. This becomes unstable and rushes down to the edge of the shelf to form a turbidite deposit on the floor of the abyssal plain. Here you are covered by more turbidites and mud layers, compacted and form solid rock. GO TO Sedimentary rocks. If in the sea, you form a deposit on the continental shelf. Here you are covered by more sand and mud layers, compact and form solid rock. GO TO Sedimentary rocks. You are deeply buried by more sediments and begin to compact. Some minerals dissolve under the slight pressure and their place is taken by new minerals growing as cements. GO TO Sedimentary rocks 40 Ma 1 Ma 20 Ma 88 Ma 6 Ma 17 Ma 3 Ma 9 Ma 21 Ma
8 Weathering and Erosion Action Station Diamonds 1-10 You are exposed in a very hot dry climate. Weathering and erosion are both very slow. You eventually get blown away as dust that lands on another continent. All royal Diamonds You are exposed to a very seasonal climate hot & dry and hot, humid & wet. You turn to clay and sand and eventually get washed away in a cyclonic downpour and end up tumbling around on a delta. Hearts 1-10 All royal Hearts Spades 2-10 Ace of Spades All royal spades Clubs 2-10 Ace of Clubs You are exposed to a very tropical humid climate and are covered in rainforest. You are turned to clay deep underground by humic acid rich water but have to wait a long time before you are eroded by a tropical river and get washed out to sea. You are exposed to a temperate climate. Weathering turns you to clays and sand. You get eroded by a creek and washed into a giant inland river and lake system. You are pushed up into a very high mountain chain and exposed to snow and ice. You are broken apart by ice crystals forming after a thaw let water into your fractures. You tumble onto the top of a glacier and get carried down to the base of the mountains. You are covered by a volcanic ash eruption that protects you from weathering and erosion. You are covered by a thick sheet of glacial ice that grinds you to rock flour and carries you frozen inside the ice to the sea where you float away in an iceberg. You are uplifted to the edge of a continent where you are constantly washed over by ocean waves. Salt crystals grow between your mineral grains and crack you apart. Waves wash bits of you away and out to the continental shelf. You are covered by a basalt lava flow that protects you from weathering and erosion.. You are uplifted into the deep heart of a giant mountain range in what becomes one of the most stable cratons on earth. Weathering and erosion proceed at various rates as climates come and go and you are finally exposed in a windy desert. You blow away and become sand in a dune. 75 Ma 20 Ma 7 Ma 32 Ma 15 Ma 5 Ma 12 Ma 6 Ma 34 Ma 1500 Ma
9 Mantle Action Station Ace of Diamonds All Hearts Diamonds other than the Ace All Spades and Clubs 1-10 You become part of a diamond bearing magma. You erupt to near the surface in a violent volcanic event making a kimberlite pipe that cools to form a diamond bearing rock. Mantle convection takes you around the world until you are magma pushing up into a fissure in the crust. You erupt at a sea-floor spreading site as lava cooling to form pillow basalt. You are caught up in a giant mantle plume and form magma pushing up into a hot spot volcano. You erupt as lava on the flanks of a giant shield volcano cooling to form basalt. Mantle convection takes you around the world until you are magma pushing up into a fissure in the crust. You intrude into a sea-floor spreading site and cool slowly as gabbro. Mantle convection takes you around the world but you remain as part of the mantle. STAY in the Mantle and take another card 450 Ma 500 Ma 700 Ma 600 Ma 1000 Ma
10
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