Analog Electronics II Laboratory Exercise 2 Cascade amplifier with BJT
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1 Analog Electronics II Laboratory Exercise 2 Cascade amplifier with BJT Aim of the exercise The aim of this laboratory exercise is to become familiar with the operation of the cascade connection of the amplifiers with bipolar junction transistors. Students learn about the transistor polarization, frequency characteristics and nonlinear distortions. Equipment Oscilloscope; Measurement set: function generator, digital multimeter, frequency meter, power supply; Soldering toolbox; Measurement toolbox; Soldering station; Prototype board. Before the exercise please check the contents of the toolbox with the checklist on the box. If anything is missing report it to your teacher.! Warning! Soldering iron is heated to the temperature above 300ºC. Please use it carefully in order to prevent getting burn. Fig. 1 Transistor pinning 1
2 Tasks Fig. 2 Two BJT amplifiers 1. Analysis of the parameters of the transistor amplifier circuits 1. Solder circuit illustrated in fig. 2 consisting of two independent amplifiers. 2. Supply the circuit with V CC = 15V. 3. Determine the point of work of both transistors. Fig. 3 Two BJT amplifiers 4. Solder the circuit illustrated in fig Connect the generator. Set the frequency of the generator to f =1kHz and the input voltage amplitude to V IN = 10mV. 2
3 6. Connect the oscilloscope probes to the test points indicated by voltage markers. 7. Observe the input and output voltage V IN and V OUT. Draw the observed plots on the 8. Find the frequency characteristics of the amplifier (amplification vs. frequency). 9. Determine the frequency band of the amplifier. 2. Analysis of the point of work of the transistors in the cascade amplifier circuit with capacitive feedback. Fig. 4 Cascade connection of BJT amplifiers. 1. Solder circuit illustrated in fig. 4 consisting of two independent amplifiers. 2. Supply the circuit with V CC = 15V. 3. Determine the point of work of both transistors with disconnected generator. 3. Analysis of the cascade amplifier circuit with capacitive feedback. 1. Connect the generator. Set the frequency to f = 1kHz and the input voltage V IN amplitude so that the output signal is maximum and not distorted. 2. Connect the oscilloscope probes to the test points indicated by voltage markers. 3. Observe the input and output voltage V IN and V OUT. Draw the observed plots on the 4. Find the frequency characteristics of the amplifier (amplification vs. frequency). 5. Determine the frequency band of the amplifier. 3
4 Fig. 5 Cascade connection of BJT amplifiers 1. Solder the circuit illustrated in fig Connect the generator. Set the frequency to f = 1kHz and the input voltage V IN amplitude so that the output signal is maximum and not distorted. 3. Connect the oscilloscope probes to the test points indicated by voltage markers. 4. Observe the input and output voltage V IN and V OUT. Draw the observed plots on the 5. Find the frequency characteristics of the amplifier (amplification vs. frequency). 6. Determine the frequency band of the amplifier. Control questions 1. What is the active region of the transistor and what are its limitation on the input and output characteristics? 2. What is the difference between the RC amplifier and constant voltage amplifier? 3. What are the nonlinear distortions (in class A and outside this class)? What are the differences between them and the input distortions? Why are the nonlinear distortions different from the input distortions? 4. What is the influence of the negative feedback (4 types) on the parameters of the quasi-linear amplifier? Additional information Parameters, documentation and SPICE models of BC547 transistor: Report preparation The report must be delivered in electronic form to your teacher. Each page in header should have named and id numbers of persons carried out the exercise. Oscilloscope plots should be drawn by hand on earlier prepared grid. Each report should include: schematics of the examined circuits (e.g. prepared in SPICE); 4
5 measurements results; oscilloscope plots and marks of reference to appropriate plot in the report text; simulation results; comparison of the obtained measurement results and oscilloscope plots with SPICE simulation results; comments and conclusions; answers to control questions. 5
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