SBEDS. 31st DOD Explosives Safety Seminar. (Single degree of freedom Blast Effects Design Spreadsheets ) San Antonio, Texas August 2004
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1 31st DOD Explosives Safety Seminar San Antonio, Texas August 2004 SBEDS (Single degree of freedom Blast Effects Spreadsheets ) Dale Nebuda, P.E. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Chuck Oswald, Ph.D., P.E. Baker Engineering and Risk Consultants, Inc. 1
2 Background Implementation of DoD antiterrorism standards requiring more blast design of conventional facilities Existing blast resistant structural design tools developed for design of more robust structures Existing tools cumbersome for design of more conventional structures USACE, through Baker-Risk, developed SBEDS as a designer friendly tool for more typical construction 2
3 SBEDS - General SBEDS is an EXCEL workbook that combines all steps to design/analyze a wide variety of blast-loaded structural components User inputs basic geometry, boundary condition, material property, response mode, and blast load for component SBEDS calculates single degree of freedom (SDOF) response for 10 types of structural components Also allows for user input of general SDOF system Follows Army TM /UFC guidance as applicable 3
4 SBEDS General (continued) Calculates equivalent SDOF parameters and determines dynamic response w/ time-stepping SDOF calculator Considers many different response modes Outputs maximum response parameters and response history plots Also performs shear check w/ stirrup design for concrete & CMU components ated Metric or English Units Detailed Help/Users Guide hot-linked to workbook 4
5 Available Component Types One-Way Corrugated Metal Panel One-Way or Two-Way Steel Plate One-Way Steel Beam or Beam-Column One-Way Open-Web Steel Joist One-Way or Two-Way Reinforced Concrete Slab One-Way Reinforced Concrete Beam or Beam- Column One-Way or Two-Way Reinforced Masonry One-Way or Two-Way Unreinforced Masonry One-Way or Two-Way Wood Panel One-Way Wood Beam or Beam-Column General SDOF system 5
6 SBEDS Structure ReadMe Sheet General administrative information Support information Intro Sheet Component selection Units selection Link to User s Guide for discussion of methodology and many of the inputs Workbook instructions Discussion of workbook design 6
7 SBEDS Structure (continued) Input Sheet Separate component and units specific input sheets for each component Input sheets show all required input parameters and calculated resistance-deflection relationship Applicable input sheet pulled into main SBEDS workbook by macro from separate workbook (SBEDS_templates.xls) Reports calculated equivalent SDOF system and maximum response parameters Results Sheet Maximum response parameters Response histories 7
8 SBEDS Structure (continued) SDOF Sheet (hidden) Equivalent SDOF system Time-stepping SDOF solution Database Sheet Properties of library members SDOF constants PositivePhasedLoad Sheet (hidden) Positive phase blast parameters NegativePhaseLoad Sheet (hidden) Negative phase blast parameters Wait 8
9 Input Sheet (for One-Way Steel Beam or Beam-Column) 9
10 SBEDS Inputs Select one of 10 different component types Select designated English or Metric units Select from various boundary conditions Select applicable response mode/type to calculate resistance-deflection curve Select load input type Solution options 10
11 Component Input 11
12 SBEDS Drop-Down Menus (All in Metric/English) Support conditions Response mode Beam sizes (AISC and cold-formed girts/purlins) Open web steel joist sizes (K and LH series) Masonry (Brick, European block, Heavy-Medium- Lightweight CMU) Corrugated metal panel sizes (MBCI and Vulcraft sizes, traditional and standing-seam deck) Typ. steel plate, beam, and rebar material properties All drop-downs automatically insert properties of selected size/type into spreadsheet User-defined option available for all drop-down menus 12
13 Available Boundary Conditions and Loadings Supports Conditions Cantilever Fixed-Fixed Fixed-Simple Simple-Simple Four/Three/Two Adjacent Sides Supported Fixed Component Types Loading Concentrated 1 Uniform P-Delta One-way Corrugated Metal Panel X One-Way Steel Plate X One-Way Reinforced Concrete Slab X X One-Way Reinforced Masonry X X One-Way Unreinforced Masonry X X One-Way Wood Panel X One-Way Steel Beam or Beam-Column X X X One-Way Reinforced Concrete Beam or Beam-Column X X X One-Way Wood Beam or Beam-Column X X X Two-Way Steel Plate X Two-Way Reinforced Concrete Slab X X Two-Way Reinforced Masonry X X Two-Way Unreinforced Masonry X X Four/Three/Two Adjacent Sides Supported Simple Two-Way Wood Panel X Simple-Simple Open-Web Steel Joist X N/A General SDOF System X X 1 Load located at end of cantilever members, midspan for other support conditions. 13
14 Available Response Modes Component Types Flexure Tension Membrane Corrugated Metal Panel X X Steel Plate X X Steel Beam or Beam- Column X X Open-Web Steel Joist X Compression Membrane Reinforced Concrete Slab X X X Reinforced Concrete Beam or Beam-Column X X X Reinforced Masonry X X X Unreinforced Masonry X 1 X 2 Wood Panel X Wood Beam or Beam- Column X General SDOF System N/A, user directly inputs resistance function 1 - Brittle flexure w/ axial load softening or ductile flexure 2 - Rigid arching only 14
15 Resistance Functions Flexure 15
16 Tension Membrane (TM) for Steel Components Approximate method that adds tension membrane resistance to flexural resistance TM causes linear increase in resistance based on max. TM force Max. TM force based on lesser of input in-plane connection capacity or cross sectional yield TM increase in resistance occurs at yield deflection plus deflection to develop max. TM force in TM response Inclusion of yield deflection approximately accounts for flexibility in system 16
17 Validation of SBEDS Tension Membrane Approach Method compares well to limited shock tube test data of cold-formed girt/wall systems Girt deflections from shock tube tests by BakerRisk. 17
18 Resistance Function Compression Membrane 18
19 Resistance Function Brittle Flexure w/ Axial Load Softening (Unreinforced Masonry) 19
20 Resistance Function Compression Membrane (Unreinforced Masonry) Equations for compression membrane from Reinforced Concrete Slabs by Park and Gamble modified to account for gap between wall and rigid support and non-solid cross section 20
21 General System Resistance- Deflection Curve in SBEDS 21
22 Calculated Resistance-Deflection Relationship on Input Sheet 22
23 Equivalent P-delta Load SBEDS calculates the lateral force on component causing same maximum moment as P-delta effect at each time step P-delta load based on axial load, geometry, and boundary conditions/load type of component and deflection at each time step Equivalent P-delta load history is added to input load history and separately plotted in output Approach is consistent with other dynamic analyses methods considering P-delta effects including FEA based approaches 23
24 SBEDS and Theoretical (Moment Magnifier) Static, Elastic Deflections w/ Axial Load SBEDS method also applicable in plastic range Table 8. Calculated Deflections from SBEDS for W12x40 Beam-Column with Axial and Uniform Lateral Load Compared to Theoretical Values (Moment Magnifier) Boundary Condition Fixed- Fixed Fixed- Simple Simple- Simple Span Effective Calculated Theoretical SBEDS/Theoretical (ft) Length with SBEDS (Calculated with Moment (ft) Magnifier Method*) *C m =0.85 for fixed support, C m =1.0 for simple support, C m estimated as 0.93 for fixed simple support Note: Static lateral load in SBEDS was 50% of load causing first yield and axial load was 50% of axial load capacity in all cases above for W12x40 where weak axis had continuous lateral support. 24
25 Loading Input 25
26 Loading Options User directly inputs up to 8 time-pressure pairs defining a piecewise linear pressure history User inputs charge weight and standoff distance Pressure history for hemispherical surface burst is calculated based on Kingery-Bulmash parameters Side-on or reflected load With or without negative phase User designated file with up to 2,000 time-pressure pairs One time-pressure pair separated by commas per line Consistent with DPLOT file saved using the ASCII file option Member orientation 26
27 SBEDS Generated Loading Exponential decay in positive phase pressure-history using curve-fit to decay constant from CONWEP Curve-fit to negative phase using method from Navy document "Blast Resistant Structures, Manual 2.08, December 1986" (see below) Force (psi) Applied Force History Time (ms) 27
28 Solution Options 28
29 Solution Options (continued) Response limits/level of protection desired (optional) Does not effect calculations, bookkeeping aid Dynamic shear constants (optional) Damping 0.05% of critical used by default, greater values can be input Initial velocity Time step (recommended value provided) 29
30 Recommended Time Step Smallest Value Based On: 10% of the natural period 10% of the smallest time increment in a manually input blast load 3% of the equivalent triangular positive phase duration or 1.5% of the equivalent triangular negative phase duration of an input charge weightstandoff blast load 3% of the smallest calculated time between local maxima and minima points of a input blast load file The total 2900 time steps in the time-stepping SDOF method in SBEDS divided by 8 natural periods (but not less than 0.01 ms) 30
31 General Commands 31
32 SDOF Solver in SBEDS Constant velocity integration method used to numerically solve SDOF equation of motion at each time step Very stable solutions if small enough time step used 3000 time steps in program so very small time steps are usually recommended (less than 1 ms) SBEDS solver can handle resistance-deflection curve with 5 stiffness realms Checked against SOLVER and WAC codes within about 1%-2% for numerous cases with multiple yield and stiffness combinations Validated against higher order analysis and empirical data 32
33 Validation Analysis Description Rectangular Beam I-Shaped Beam (W8x24) Response Range Maximum Displacement (in) SDOF Model Time of Max. Displacement (msec) Maximum Displacement (in) ADINA Model Time of Max. Displacement (msec) Percent Difference µ= µ= µ= µ= SDOF based on Z Elastic µ= µ= µ= Comparison of SBEDS Maximum Deflection to Prediction of Other Codes SBEDS Max. Deflection / Max. Deflection Predicted by Other Codes
34 SBEDS Output Maximum deflection and resistance in inbound/outbound response Maximum support rotation, ductility ratio, strain rate(s), and equivalent static and dynamic shears Response history plots for deflection, resistance, equivalent P-delta load, and dynamic shear and resistance-deflection plot 34
35 SBEDS Summary Output 35
36 SBEDS Detailed Output 36
37 Peaks 37
38 Displacement History 38
39 Applied Force History 39
40 Resistance and Equivalent P-delta Force History 40
41 Resistance Displacement Function 41
42 Dyanmic Shear History 42
43 SBEDS Availability Distribution Statement A Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited ware/sbeds/index.php Registration required (Armadillo protection) Government users and their contractors have access to online support / CoP 43
44 Questions 44
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